Application of high harmonic radiation in surface science

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

Volumn 13, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 13-27

  Haarlammert, T ^a   Zacharias, H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

High harmonic generation; Photoelectron spectroscopy; Surface physics

Indexed keywords

ATTOSECOND; BRILLOUIN ZONES; DYNAMIC PROCESS; FEMTOSECOND; HIGH HARMONIC GENERATION; HIGH HARMONICS; PHOTON ENERGY; PULSE DURATIONS; PULSE ENERGIES; REPETITION RATE; SOFT X-RAY; SURFACE PHYSICS; SURFACE SCIENCE; TABLE-TOP; TIME RESOLVED MEASUREMENT; TIME-RESOLVED; ULTRA-SHORT PULSE LASER;

HARMONIC ANALYSIS; HARMONIC GENERATION; LIGHT; LIGHT SOURCES; MOLECULAR ORBITALS; PHOTOELECTRICITY; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTONS; PULSED LASER APPLICATIONS; SURFACE PROPERTIES; ULTRASHORT PULSES;

X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

EID: 67651154189     PISSN: 13590286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2008.12.003     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Becker U., and Shirley D.A. VUV and Soft X-ray photoionization (1996), Plenum Publishers
2. Siegbahn K. ESCA: atomic, molecular and solid state structure studied by means of electron spectroscopy. Almquist and Wiksells (1967)
3. Seres E., Seres J., Krausz F., and Spielmann C. Generation of coherent soft-X-ray radiation extending far beyond the titanium L edge. Phys Rev Lett 92 (2004) 163002
4. Seres J., Seres E., Verhoef A., Tempea G., Strelill C., Wobrauschek P., et al. Source of coherent kiloelectronvolt X-rays. Nature 433 (2005) 596
5. McPherson A., Gibson G., Jara H., Johann U., Luk T., McIntyre I., et al. Studies of multiphoton production of vacuum ultraviolet-radiation in rare-gases. J Opt Soc Am B 4 (1987) 595-601
6. Ferray M., L'Huillier A., Li X., Lompre L., Mainfray G., and Manus C. Multiple-harmonic conversion of 1064-nm radiation in rare-gases. J Phys B 21 (1988) L31-L35
7. Li X., L'Huillier A., Ferray M., Lompre L., and Mainfray G. Multiple-harmonic generation in rare-gases at high laser intensity. Phys Rev A 39 (1989) 5751-5761
8. Donnelly T., Ditmire T., Neuman K., Perry M., and Falcone R. High-order harmonic generation in atom clusters. Phys Rev Lett 76 (1996) 2472-2475
9. von der Linde D, Engers T, Jenke G, Agostini P, Grillon G, Nibbering E et al. Generation of high-order harmonics from solid surfaces by intense femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev A 52;1995:R25-7.
10. Corkum P. Plasma perspective on strong-field multiphoton ionisation. Phys Rev Lett 71 (1993) 1994-1997
11. Kulander K., Schafer K., and Krause J. Super-intense laser-atom physics (1993), Plenum Press, New York and London
12. Lewenstein M., Balcou P., Ivanov M., L'Huillier A., and Corkum P. Theory of high-harmonic generation by low-frequency laser fields. Phys Rev A 49 (1994) 2117-2132
13. Reintjes J. Nonlinear optical parametric processes in liquids and gases. Academic Press, 1984.
14. Paul P., Toma E., Breger P., Mullot G., Auge F., Balcou P., et al. Observation of a train of attosecond pulses from high harmonic generation. Science 292 (2001) 1689-1692
15. Hüve J., Haarlammert T., Steinbrück T., Kutzner J., Tsilimis G., and Zacharias H. High-flux high harmonic soft X-ray generation up to 10 kHz repetition rate. Opt Comm 266 (2006) 261-265
16. Macklin J., Kmetec J., and Gordon C. High-order harmonic-generation using intense femtosecond pulses. Phys Rev Lett 70 (1993) 766-769
17. Peatross J., and Meyerhofer D. Novel gas-target for use in laser harmonic-generation. Rev Sci Instrum 64 (1993) 3066-3071
18. Zhou J., Peatross J., Murnane M.M., and Kapteyn H.C. Enhanced high-harmonic generation using 25 fs laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 76 (1996) 752-755
19. Spielmann C., Burnett N., Sartania S., Koppitsch R., Schnürer M., Kan C., et al. Generation of coherent X-rays in the water window using 5-femtosecond laser pulses. Science 278 (1997) 661-664
20. Tsilimis G., Benesch C., Kutzner J., and Zacharias H. Laser based soft-X-ray pulses for photoelectron spectroscopy of surfaces. J Opt Soc Am B 20 (2003) 246-253
21. Heuer W., and Zacharias H. Stimulated Raman effect and 4-wave mixing in a hollow wave-guide. IEEE J Quant Electr 24 (1988) 2087-2100
22. Kutzner J., Huhmann A., and Zacharias H. Generation of picosecond laser radiation at λ = 87.8 nm with 1 kHz repetition rate. Opt Quant Electr 28 (1996) 283-289
23. Rundquist A., Durfee C., Chang Z., Herne C., Backus S., Murnane M., et al. Phase-matched generation of coherent soft X-rays. Science 280 (1998) 1412-1415
24. L'Huiller A., Schafer K., and Kulander K. Theoretical aspects of intense field harmonic generation. J Phys B 24 (1991) 3315-3341
25. L'Huillier A., Schafer K., and Kulander K. High-order harmonic-generation in xenon at 1064-nm - the role of phase matching. Phys Rev Lett 66 (1991) 2200-2203
26. Salieres P., L'Huillier A., and Lewenstein M. Coherence control of high-order harmonics. Phys Rev Lett 74 (1995) 3776-3779
27. Gohle C., Udem T., Herrmann M., Rauschenberger J., Holzwarth R., Schuessler H., et al. A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet. Nature 436 (2005) 234-237
28. Ozawa A., Vernaleken A., Schneider W., Gotlibovych I., Udem T., and Hansch T.W. Non-collinear high harmonic generation: a promising outcoupling method for cavity-assisted xuv generation. Opt Exp 16 (2008) 6233-6239
29. Kim S., Jin J., Kim Y.-J., Park I.-Y., Kim Y., and Kim S.-W. High-harmonic generation by resonant plasmon field enhancement. Nature 453 (2008) 757-760
30. Bartels R., Backus S., Zeek E., Misoguti L., Vdovin G., Christov I., et al. Shaped-pulse optimization of coherent emission of high-harmonic soft X-rays. Nature 406 (2000) 164-166
31. Pfeifer T., Kemmer R., Spitzenpfeil R., Walter D., Winterfeldt C., Gerber G., et al. Spatial control of high-harmonic generation in hollow fibers. Opt Lett 30 (2005) 1497-1499
32. Takahashi E.J., Kanai T., Ishikawa K.L., Nabekawa Y., and Midorikawa K. Dramatic enhancement of high-order harmonic generation. Phys Rev Lett 99 (2007) 053904
33. Seres J., Yakovlev V.S., Seres E., Streli C., Wobrauschek P., Spielmann C., et al. Coherent superposition of laser-driven soft-X-ray harmonics from successive sources. Nat Phys 3 (2007) 878-883
34. Pirri A., Corsi C., and Bellini M. Enhancing the yield of high-order harmonics with an array of gas jets. Phys Rev A 78 (2008) 011801
35. Antoine P., L'Huillier A., and Lewenstein M. Attosecond pulse trains using high-order harmonics. Phys Rev Lett 77 (1996) 1234-1237
36. Sartania S., Cheng Z., Lenzner M., Tempea G., Spielmann C., and Krausz F. Generation of 0.1-TW 5-fs optical pulses at a 1-kHz repetition rate. Opt Lett 22 (1997) 1562-1564
37. Hauri C., Kornelis W., Helbing F., Heinrich A., Couairon A., Mysyrowicz A., et al. Generation of intense, carrier-envelope phase-locked few-cycle laser pulses through filamentation. Appl Phys B 79 (2004) 673-677
38. Corkum P.B., and Krausz F. Attosecond science. Nat Phys 3 (2007) 381-387
39. Reider G. Xuv attosecond pulses: generation and measurement. J Phys D 37 (2004) R37-R48
40. Chao W., Harteneck B.D., Liddle J.A., Anderson E.H., and Attwood D.T. Soft X-ray microscopy at a spatial resolution better than 15 nm. Nature 435 (2005) 1210-1213
41. Johansson G., Khanna S., Nair A., Mannstrom P., Denbeaux G., and Ulfendahl M. Exploring the use of soft X-ray microscopy for imaging subcellular structures of the inner ear. J Micr 215 (2004) 203-212
42. Früke R., Kutzner J., Witting T., Zacharias H., and Wilhein T. Euv scanning transmission microscope operating with high-harmonic and laser plasma radiation. Europhys Lett 72 (2005) 915-921
43. Wieland M., Früke R., Wilhein T., Spielmann C., Pohl M., and Kleineberg U. Submicron extreme ultraviolet imaging using high-harmonic radiation. Appl Phys Lett 81 (2002) 2520-2522
44. Sandberg R.L., Paul A., Raymondson D.A., Haedrich S., Gaudiosi D.M., Holtsnider J., et al. Lensless diffractive imaging using tabletop coherent high-harmonic soft-X-ray beams. Phys Rev Lett 99 (2007) 098103
45. Chapman H.N., Barty A., Bogan M.J., Boutet S., Frank M., Hau-Riege S.P., et al. Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-X-ray free-electron laser. Nat Phys 2 (2006) 839-843
46. Wieland M., Spielmann C., Kleineberg U., Westerwalbesloh T., Heinzmann U., and Wilhein T. Toward time-resolved soft X-ray microscopy using pulsed fs-high-harmonic radiation. Ultramicroscopy 102 (2005) 93-100
47. Gaffney K.J., and Chapman H.N. Imaging atomic structure and dynamics with ultrafast X-ray scattering. Science 316 (2007) 1444-1448
48. Munakata T., Masuda T., Ueno N., Abdureyim A., and Sonoda Y. Time-resolved photoemission microspectroscopy based on fs-vuv laser light. Surf Sci 507 (2002) 434-440
49. Munakata T., Masuda T., Ueno N., Sakaya S., Sugiyama T., Takehiro N., et al. Microspot photoemission spectrometer based on fs-vuv radiation. Surf Sci 532 (2003) 1140-1144
50. Haight R., and Peale D. Tunable photoemission with harmonics of subpicosecond lasers. Rev Sci Instrum 65 (1994) 1853-1857
51. Mathias S., Miaja-Avila L., Murnane M.M., Kapteyn H., Aeschlimann M., and Bauer M. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a femtosecond high harmonic light source using a two-dimensional imaging electron analyzer. Rev Sci Instrum 78 (2007) 083105
52. Haight R., and Seidler P. High-resolution atomic core-level spectroscopy with laser harmonics. Appl Phys Lett 65 (1994) 517-519
53. Yeh J., and Lindau I. Atomic subshell photoionization cross-sections and asymmetry parameters: 1 ≤ z ≤ 103. At Data Nucl Data Tabl 32 (1985) 1-155
54. Tsilimis G., Fecher G., Braun J., Kutzner J., and Zacharias H. Observation of high-energy Pt(111) surface resonances excited by laser-generated XUV radiation. Appl Phys A 78 (2004) 177-181
55. Cavalieri A.L., Müller N., Uphues T., Yakovlev V.S., Baltuska A., Horvath B., et al. Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter. Nature 449 (2007) 1029-1032
56. Rieger D., Schnell R., and Steinmann W. Angular-distribution pattern of photoelectrons from orbitals of CO adsorbed on Ni(100), Pt(111) and Pt(110). Surf Sci 143 (1984) 157-176
57. Bare S., Griffiths K., Hofmann P., King D., Nyberg G., and Richardson N. A synchrotron radiation study of the electronic and geometric structure of CO on Pt(110). Surf Sci 120 (1982) 367-375
58. Tsilimis G., Kutzner J., and Zacharias H. Resonance in the 1π photoemission cross-section of CO on Pt(111) measured by high harmonic radiation. Surf Sci 528 (2003) 171-176
59. Tsilimis G., Kutzner J., and Zacharias H. Photoemission study of clean and c(4 × 2)-2CO-covered Pt(111) using high-harmonic radiation. App Phys A 76 (2003) 743-749
60. Riedel D., Perdigao L., Hernandez-Pozos J., Guo Q., Palmer R., Foord J., et al. Surface photochemistry induced by ultrafast pulses of vacuum ultraviolet light: physisorbed oxygen on graphite. Phys Rev B 66 (2002) 233405
61. Riedel D., Hernandez-Pozos J., Palmer R., Baggott S., Kolasinski K., and Foord J. Tunable pulsed vacuum ultraviolet light source for surface science and materials spectroscopy based on high order harmonic generation. Rev Sci Instrum 72 (2001) 1977-1983
62. Dujardin G., Comtet G., Hellner L., Hirayama T., Rose M., Philippe L., et al. Site-specific and state-selective photofragmentation of molecular-oxygen on Si(111)-(7 × 7). Phys Rev Lett 73 (1994) 1727-1730
63. Gardner J., and Samson J. Photoion and photoelectron spectroscopy of oxygen. J Chem Phys 62 (1975) 4460-4463
64. 2. J Elec Spec 94 (1998) 135-147
65. 2 in the 20-28 eV range. I. electron-ion kinetic energy correlations. J Chem Phys 114 (2001) 6605
66. Sekikawa T., Kosuge A., Kanai T., and Watanabe S. Nonlinear optics in the extreme ultraviolet. Nature 432 (2004) 605-608
67. Nikolopoulos L., Benis E., Tzallas P., Charalambidis D., Witte K., and Tsakiris G. Second order autocorrelation of an XUV attosecond pulse train. Phys Rev Lett 94 (2005) 113905
68. Benis E.P., Charalambidis D., Kitsopoulos T.N., Tsakiris G.D., and Tzallas P. Two-photon double ionization of rare gases by a superposition of harmonics. Phys Rev A 74 (2006) 051402
69. Mitzner R, Siemer B, Neeb M, Noll T, Siewert F, Roling S et al. Time-resolved two-photon double ionization of He with soft X-ray free-electron-laser radiation: direct autocorrelation of the pulse duration, to be published.
70. Glover T., Schoenlein R., Chin A., and Shank C. Observation of laser assisted photoelectric effect and femtosecond high order harmonic radiation. Phys Rev Lett 76 (1996) 2468-2471
71. Weingartshofer A., Holmes J., Caudle G., Clarke E., and Kruger H. Direct observation of multiphoton processes in laser-induced free-free transitions. Phys Rev Lett 39 (1977) 269-270
72. Miaja-Avila L., Lei C., Aeschlimann M., Gland J.L., Murnane M.M., Kapteyn H.C., et al. Laser-assisted photoelectric effect from surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 97 (2006) 113604
73. Saathoff G., Miaja-Avila L., Aeschlimann M., Murnane M.M., and Kapteyn H.C. Laser-assisted photoemission from surfaces. Phys Rev A 77 (2008) 022903
74. Baeumler M., and Haight R. Ultrafast electron dynamics at the Ge(111)2 × 1 surface. Phys Rev Lett 67 (1991) 1153-1156
75. Rettenberger A., and Haight R. Multivalley electron population dynamics on the Ge(111): as surface. Phys Rev Lett 76 (1996) 1912-1915
76. Rettenberger A., and Haight R. Electron spectroscopy and dynamics on the Ge(111):As 1 × 1 surface. Surf Sci 414 (1998) 197-208
77. Haight R., and Peale D. Antibonding state on the Ge(111): as surface. Spectroscopy and dynamics. Phys Rev Lett 70 (1993) 3979-3982
78. Siffalovic P., Drescher M., Spieweck M., Wiesenthal T., Lim Y., Weidner R., et al. Laser-based apparatus for extended ultraviolet femtosecond time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 72 (2001) 30-35
79. Siffalovic P., Drescher M., and Heinzmann U. Femtosecond time-resolved core-level photoelectron spectroscopy tracking surface photovoltage transients on p-GaAs. Europhys Lett 60 (2002) 924-930
80. Probst M., and Haight R. Unoccupied molecular orbital states of tris (8-hydroxy quinoline) aluminum: observation and dynamics. Appl Phys Lett 71 (1997) 202-204
81. Probst M., and Haight R. Diffusion of metals into organic films. Appl Phys Lett 70 (1997) 1420-1422
82. Quere F., Guizard S., Martin P., Petite G., Merdji H., Carre B., et al. Hot-electron relaxation in quartz using high-order harmonics. Phys Rev B 61 (2000) 9883-9886
83. Miaja-Avila L., Saathoff G., Mathias S., Yin J., La-o-vorakiat C., Bauer M., et al. Direct measurement of core-level relaxation dynamics on a surface-adsorbate system. Phys Rev Lett 101 (2008) 046101
84. Drescher M., Hentschel M., Kienberger R., Uiberacker M., Yakovlev V., Scrinizi A., et al. Time-resolved atomic inner-shell spectroscopy. Nature 419 (2002) 803-807
85. Bauer M., Lei C., Read K., Tobey R., Gland J., Murnane M.M., et al. Direct observation of surface chemistry using ultrafast soft-X-ray pulses. Phys Rev Lett 87 (2001) 025501
86. 2/Pt(111) surface probed by ultrafast extreme-ultraviolet pulses. Phys Rev B 66 (2002) 245420
87. Bauer M., Lei C., Tobey R., Murnane M.M., and Kapteyn H.C. Time-resolved UPS: a new experimental technique for the study of surface chemical reactions on femtosecond time-scales. Surf Sci 532 (2003) 1159-1165
88. Panas I., and Siegbahn P. A theoretical study of the peroxo and superoxo forms of molecular oxygen on metal surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 153 (1988) 458-464
89. Hellsing B., and Gao S. Molecular chemisorption of oxygen on Cu(100), Ni(100) and Pt(111). Sol State Comm 90 (1994) 223-228
90. 2 on Pt(111) studied by different core-level spectroscopy methods. Surf Sci 342 (1995) 119-133
91. 2 on Pt(111)-dissociation via direct population of a molecularly chemisorbed precursor at hight incidence kinetic energy. J Chem Phys 94 (1991) 1626-1635
92. 2 on Pt(111). Chem Phys Lett 146 (1988) 561-565
93. 2 on Pt(111). J Chem Phys 91 (1989) 5011-5020
94. Germer T., and Ho W. Formation of hydroxyl and water from photoreaction of hydrogen and molecular oxygen coadsobed on Pt(111). J Chem Phys 93 (1990) 1474-1475
95. Anisimov S., Kapeliovich B., and Perelman T. Electron-emission from surface of metals induced by ultrashort laser pulses. JETP 66 (1974) 776-781
96. 2 and CO on Pt(111). Chem Phys Lett 242 (1995) 617-622
97. Hentschel M., Kienberger R., Spielmann C., Reider G., Milosevic N., Brabec T., et al. Attosecond metrology. Nature 414 (2001) 509-513
98. Kienberger R., Goulielmakis E., Uiberacker M., Baltuska A., Yakovlev V., Bammer F., et al. Atomic transient recorder. Nature 427 (2004) 817-821
99. Goulielmakis E., Uiberacker M., Kienberger R., Baltuska A., Yakovlev V., Scrinzi A., et al. Direct measurement of light waves. Science 305 (2004) 1267-1269
100. Tanuma S., Powell C.J., and Penn D.R. Calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths. ii. Data for 27 elements over the 50-2000 eV range. Surf Int Anal 17 (1991) 911-926