Invasive non-typhi salmonella disease in africa

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 49, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 606-611

  Morpeth, Susan C ^a,d,f   Ramadhani, Habib O ^d,e   Crump, John A ^a,b,c,d,e  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^d KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL CENTRE   (Tanzania)

^e KILIMANJARO CHRISTIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE   (Tanzania)

^f ROYAL BRISBANE AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPICILLIN; CHLORAMPHENICOL; COTRIMOXAZOLE; SALMONELLOSIS VACCINE;

AFRICA; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BLOOD CULTURE; BLOODSTREAM INFECTION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; HUMAN; MALARIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SALMONELLA; SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; SALMONELLOSIS;

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; ANIMALS; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; SALMONELLA; SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING; SALMONELLA INFECTIONS; SALMONELLA INFECTIONS, ANIMAL;

EID: 67651119681     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/603553     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Brenner FW, Villar RG, Angulo FJ, Tauxe R, Swaminathan B. Salmonella nomenclature. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:2465-7.
2. Shaw AV, Reddy EA, Crump JA. Etiology of community-acquired bloodstream infections in Africa [abstract L-620]. In: Program and abstracts of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (Washington, DC). Alexandria, VA: Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2008.
3. Sigauque B, Roca A, Mandomando I, et al. Community-acquired bac- teremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Mozambique. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009; 28:108-13.
4. Berkley JA, Lowe BS, Mwangi I, et al. Bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Kenya. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:39-47.
5. Enwere G, Biney E, Cheung YB, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of community-acquired invasive bacterial infections in children aged 2-29 months in the Gambia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25: 700-5.
6. Gilks CF. Acute bacterial infections and HIV disease. Br Med Bull 1998; 54:383-93.
7. Brent AJ, Oundo JO, Mwangi I, Ochola L, Lowe B, Berkley JA. Salmonella bacteremia in Kenyan children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25: 230-6.
8. Walsh AL, Phiri AJ, Graham SM, Molyneux EM, Molyneux ME. Bacteremia in febrile Malawian children: clinical and microbiologic features. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:312-8.
9. Graham SM, Walsh AL, Molyneux EM, Phiri AJ, Molyneux ME. Clinical presentation of non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in Malawian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000; 94:310-4.
10. Gordon MA, Graham SM, Walsh AL, et al. Epidemics of invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. enterica serovar Typhi- murium infection associated with multidrug resistance among adults and children in Malawi. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:963-9.
11. Gordon MA, Banda HT, Gondwe M, et al. Non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia among HIV-infected Malawian adults: high mortality and frequent recrudescence. AIDS 2002; 16:1633-41.
12. Milledge J, Calis JC, Graham SM, et al. Aetiology of neonatal sepsis in Blantyre, Malawi: 1996-2001. Ann Trop Paediatr 2005; 25:101-10.
13. Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82:346-53.
14. Mweu E, English M. Typhoid fever in children in Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13:532-40.
15. Graham SM, Molyneux EM, Walsh AL, Cheesbrough JS, Molyneux ME, Hart CA. Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections ofchildren in tropical Africa. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:1189-96.
16. Ebong WW. Acute osteomyelitis in Nigerians with sickle cell disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1986; 45:911-5.
17. Lepage P, Bogaerts J, Van Goethem C, Hitimana DG, Nsengumuremyi F. Multiresistant Salmonella Typhimurium systemic infection in Rwanda: clinical features and treatment with cefotaxime. J Antimicrob Chemother 1990; 26(Suppl A):53-7.
18. Lavy CB, Thyoka M, Pitani AD. Clinical features and microbiology in 204 cases of septic arthritis in Malawian children. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005;87:1545-8.
19. Martinson NA, Karstaedt A, Venter WD, et al. Causes of death in hospitalized adults with a premortem diagnosis of tuberculosis: an autopsy study. AIDS 2007; 21:2043-50.
20. Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. Levels of evidence. Available at: http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o = 1025. Accessed 26 March 2009.
21. Torrey S, Fleisher G, Jaffe D. Incidence of Salmonella bacteremia in infants with Salmonella gastroenteritis. J Pediatr 1986; 108:718-21.
22. Kariuki S, Revathi G, Kariuki N, et al. Invasive multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in Africa: zoonotic or anthroponotic transmission? J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:585-91.
23. Wright RC. The seasonality of bacterial quality of water in a tropical developing country (Sierra Leone). J Hyg (Lond) 1986; 96:75-82.
24. Mintz ED, Reiff FM, Tauxe RV. Safe water treatment and storage in the home: a practical new strategyto prevent waterborne disease. JAMA 1995; 273:948-53.
25. Clasen T, Schmidt WP, Rabie T, Roberts I, Cairncross S. Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2007; 334:782.
26. Crump JA, Griffin PM, Angulo FJ. Bacterial contamination of animal feed and its relationship to human foodborne illness. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35:859-65.
27. Schlundt J, Toyofuku H, Jansen J, Herbst SA. Emerging food-borne zoonoses. Rev Sci Tech 2004; 23:513-33.
28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Three outbreaks of sal- monellosis associated with baby poultry from three hatcheries-United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007; 56:273-6.
29. Gordon MA. Salmonella infections in immunocompromised adults. J Infect 2008; 56:413-22.
30. Nkuo-Akenji TK, Ntemgwa ML, Ndip RN. Asymptomatic salmonellosis and drug susceptibility in the Buea District, Cameroon. Cent Afr JMed 2001; 47:254-7.
31. Paton S, Nicolle L, Mwongera M, et al. Salmonella and Shigella gastroenteritis at a public teaching hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1991; 12:710-7.
32. World Health Organization, Department of Communicable Disease, Surveillance and Response. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: a practical guide. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2002. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/drugresist/WHO-CDS- CSR-EPH-2002-12/en/. Accessed 4 January 2009.
33. Pavia AT, Shipman LD, Wells JG, et al. Epidemiologic evidence that prior antimicrobial exposure decreases resistance to infection by antimicrobial- sensitive Salmonella. J Infect Dis 1990; 161:255-60.
34. Mabey DC, Brown A, Greenwood BM. Plasmodium falciparum malaria and Salmonella infections in Gambian children. J Infect Dis 1987; 155: 1319-21.
35. MacLennan CA, Gondwe EN, Msefula CL, et al. The neglected role of antibody in protection against bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella in African children. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:1553-62.
36. Provisional WHO/UNAIDS recommendations on the use of cotri- moxazole prophylaxis in adults and children living with HIV/AIDS in Africa. Afr Health Sci 2001; 1:30-1.
37. Watera C, Todd J, Muwonge R, et al. Feasibility and effectiveness of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-1-infected adults attending an HIV/ AIDS clinic in Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 42:373-8.
38. Hung CC, Hung MN, Hsueh PR, et al. Risk of recurrent nontyphoid Salmonella bacteremia in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and an increasing trend of fluoroquinolone resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:e60-7.
39. Leonard J, Marshall JK, Moayyedi P. Systematic review of the risk of enteric infection in patients taking acid suppression. Am J Gastroen- terol 2007; 102:2047-56.
40. Gendrel D, Kombila M, Beaudoin-Leblevec G, Richard-Lenoble D. Nontyphoidal salmonellal septicemia in Gabonese children infected with Schistosoma intercalatum. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18:103-5.
41. Dowling JJ, Whitty CJ, Chaponda M, et al. Are intestinal helminths a risk factor for non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in adults in Africa who are seropositive for HIV? A case-control study. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2002; 96:203-8.
42. Peters RP, Zijlstra EE, Schijffelen MJ, et al. A prospective study of bloodstream infections as cause of fever in Malawi: clinical predictors and implications for management. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9:928-34.
43. Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, et al. Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study. BMJ 2004; 329:1212.
44. Petti CA, Polage CR, Quinn TC, Ronald AR, Sande MA. Laboratory medicine in Africa: a barrier to effective health care. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:377-82.
45. World Health Organization. Pocket book of hospital care for children: guidelines for the management of common illnesses with limited resources. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005. Available at: http://www.helid.desastres.net/?e = d-000who-000-1-0-010-4-0-0-10l-11en-5000-50- about-0-01131-001-110utfZz-8-0-0&a = d&c = who&cl = CL4&d = Js13431e.10.5. Accessed 4 January 2009.
46. Molyneux EM, Mankhambo LA, Phiri A, et al. The outcome of non- typhoidal Salmonella meningitis in Malawian children, 1997-2006. Ann Trop Paediatr 2009; 29:13-22.
47. Benson CA, Kaplan JE, Masur H, Pau A, Holmes KK. Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association/Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep 2004; 53:1-112.
48. Crump JA, Barrett TJ, Nelson JT, Angulo FJ. Reevaluating fluoro- quinolone breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and for non-Typhi salmonellae. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37:75-81.
49. Galanis E, Lo Fo Wong DM, Patrick ME, et al. Web-based surveillance and global Salmonella distribution, 2000-2002. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:381-8.
50. Kruger T, Szabo D, Keddy KH, et al. Infections with nontyphoidal Salmonella species producing TEM-63 or a novel TEM enzyme, TEM-131, in South Africa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:4263-70.
51. Fields PI, Swanson RV, Haidaris CG, Heffron F. Mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium that cannot survive within the macrophage are avirulent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:5189-93.