Where are you from? why are you here? an african perspective on global warming

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Volumn 37, Issue , 2009, Pages 1-18

  Philander, S George ^a,b  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Africa; El Ni o; Global warming; Pliocene

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS; GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES; OCEANIC SCIENCE; PLIOCENE;

NICKEL COMPOUNDS;

GLOBAL WARMING;

CLIMATE CHANGE; DISASTER; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GLOBAL WARMING; PERCEPTION; PLIOCENE;

AFRICA;

EID: 67651046519     PISSN: 00846597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100128     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Barreiro M, Fedorov A, Pacanowski R, Philander SG. 2008. Abrupt climate changes: how freshening of the northern Atlantic affects the thermohaline and wind-driven oceanic circulations. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 36:33-58
2. Barreiro M, Philander SG. 2008. Response of the tropical Pacific to changes in extra-tropical clouds. Clim. Dyn. 31:713-29
3. Boccaletti G, Pacanowski R, Philander SG, Fedorov A. 2004. The thermal structure of the ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 34:888-902
4. Bjerknes J. 1969. Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon. Weather Rev. 97:163-72
5. Cane MA, Sarachik ES. 1976. Forced baroclinic ocean motion I. J. Mar. Res. 34(4):629-65
6. Davis M. 2000. Late Victorian Holocausts. El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World. New York: Verso. 464 pp.
7. Fedorov A, Philander SG. 2000. Is El Niño changing? Science 288:1997-2002
8. Fedorov AV, Harper SL, Philander SG, Winter B, Wittenberg A. 2003. How predictable is El Niño? Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 84:911-19
9. Fedorov A, Dekens P, McCarthy M, Ravelo C, deMenocal PB, et al. 2006. The Pliocene paradox (mechanisms for a permanent El Niño). Science 312:1485-89
10. Halpern D. 1987. Observations of annual and El Niño thermal and flow variations along the equator at 110W and 95W during 1980-1985. J. Geophys. Res. 92:8197-212
11. Hayes S, Mangum L, Picaut J, Sumi A, Takeuchi K. 1991. TOGA-TAO A moored array for real-time measurements in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 72:339-47
12. Haywood A, Valdes P, Peck V. 2007. A permanent El Niño-like state during the Pliocene? Paleoceanography 22:1213, doi:10.1029/2006PA001323
13. Held I. 2005. The gap between simulation and understanding in climate modeling. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 86:1609-14.
14. Huybers P, Molnar P. 2007. Tropical cooling and the onset of North American glaciation. Clim. Past 3:549-57
15. Lawrence KT, Liu Z, Herbert TD. 2006. Evolution of the eastern tropical Pacific through Plio-Pleistocene glaciation. Science 312:79-83
16. Leetmaa A, Ji M. 1989. Operational hindcasting of the tropical Pacific. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 13:465-90
17. Matsuno T. 1966. Quasi-geostrophic motion in equatorial regions. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 2:25-43
18. Moore DW. 1969. Planetary-gravity waves in an equatorial ocean. PhD thesis. Harvard Univ. 311 pp.
19. Petit JR, Jouzel J, Raynaud D, Barkov NI, Barnola J.-M. 1999. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399:429-36
20. Philander SGH, Seigel AD. 1985. Simulation of El Niño of 1982-1983. In Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models: Papers Presented at the 16th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, ed. JCJ Nihoul, pp. 517-41. Amsterdam, Holland: Elsevier
21. Philander SGH. 1985. El Niño and La Niña. J. Atmos. Sci. 42:2652-62
22. Philander SG. 2004. Our Affair with El Niño: How We Transformed an Enchanting Peruvian Current into a Global Climate Hazard. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press. 288 pp.
23. Philander SG. 2006. Sextant to satellite: the education of a land-based oceanographer. In History of Physical Oceanography - Developments since 1960, ed. M Jochum, R Martugudde, pp. 153-64. New York: Springer
24. Ravelo AC, Andreasen DH, Kyle M, Lyle AO, Wara MW. 2004. Regional climate shifts caused by gradual global cooling in the Pliocene epoch. Nature 429:263-67
25. Schopf PS, Suarez MJ. 1988. Vacillations in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Atmos. Sci. 45:702
26. Sen A. 1981. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 257 pp.
27. Stommel H. 1995. Why do our ideas about the ocean circulation have such a peculiarly dream-like quality? Or examples of types of observations that are badly needed to test oceanographic theories. In Collected Works of Henry M. Stommel, ed. NG Hogg, RX Huang, 1:124-34. Boston: Am. Meteorol. Soc.
28. Stommel H. 1948. The westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 29:202-6
29. Wunsch C, Gill AE. 1976. Observations of equatorially trapped waves in Pacific sea level variations. Deep Sea Res. 23:371-90
30. Wyrtki K. 1973. Teleconnections in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Science 180:66-68
31. Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, Thomas E, Billups K. 2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292:686-93
32. Zebiak SE, Cane MA. 1987. A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Mon. Weather Rev. 115:2262-78