Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and 25-hydroxyvitamin d in captive african elephants (Loxodonta Africana)

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 302-305

  Miller, Michele ^a,e   Chen, Tai C ^b   Holick, Michael F ^b   Mikota, Susan ^c   Dierenfeld, Ellen ^d  

^a DISNEY S ANIMAL KINGDOM   (United States)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c Elephant Care International   (United States)

^d St Louis Zoological Park   (United States)

^e Palm Beach Zoo   (United States)

Author keywords

25 hydroxyvitamin D; African elephant; calcium; Loxodonta africana; phosphorus

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; ELEPHANTIDAE; LOXODONTA; LOXODONTA AFRICANA;

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D; CALCIUM; DRUG DERIVATIVE; PHOSPHORUS; VITAMIN D;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BLOOD; ELEPHANT; FEMALE; MALE; NEWBORN; REFERENCE VALUE; SEASON; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; ZOO ANIMAL;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; ANIMALS, ZOO; CALCIUM; ELEPHANTS; FEMALE; MALE; PHOSPHORUS; REFERENCE VALUES; SEASONS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; VITAMIN D;

EID: 67651043731     PISSN: 10427260     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1638/2008-0098.1     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Chen, T. C., A. K. Turner, and M. F. Holick. 1990. Methods for the determination of the circulating concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J. Nutr. Bio-chem. 1: 315-319.
2. Clauss, M., D. A. Jessup, E. B. Norkus, T. C. Chen, M. F. Holick, W. J. Streich, and E. S. Dierenfeld. 2002. Fat soluble vitamins in blood and tissues of free-ranging and captive rhinoceros. J. Wildl. Dis. 38: 402-413.
3. Crissey, S. D., K. D. Ange, K. L. Jacobsen, K. A. Slifka, P. E. Bowen, M. Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, C. B. Langman, W. Sadler, S. Kahn, and A. Ward. 2003. Serum concentrations of lipids, vitamin D metabolites, retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected caroten-oids in twelve captive wild felid species at four zoos. J. Nutr. 133: 160-166.
4. Eiben, B., S. Scharia, K. Fischer, and H. Schmidt-Gayk. 1984. Seasonal variations of serum 1,25-dihy-droxyvitamin D3 and alkaline phosphatase in relation to the antler formation in the fallow deer (Dama dama L.). Acta Endocrinol. (Copenh.) 10: 141-144
5. Emanuelson, K., Neonatal care and hand rearing. In: Fowler, M. E., and S. K. Mikota (eds.). Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa. Pp. 233-241.
6. Holick, M. F. 1997. Photobiology of vitamin D. In: D. Feldman, F. H. Glorieux, and J. W. Pike (eds.). Vitamin D. Academic Press, San Diego, California. Pp. 33-39.
7. Holick, M. F. 2007. Vitamin D deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 357: 266-281.
8. Howard, L. L., P. H. Kass, N. Lamberski, and R. F. Wack. 2004. Serum concentrations of ionized calcium, vitamin D3, and parathyroid hormone in captive thick-billed parrots (Rhynchopsitta pachy-rhyncha). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 35: 147-153.
9. Junge, R. E., F. H. Gannon, I. Porton, W. H. McAlister, and M. P. Whyte. 2000. Management and prevention of vitamin D deficiency rickets in captive-born juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 31: 361-369.
10. Lynch, M., R. F. Slocombe, and K. E. Harrigan. 1995. Metabolic bone disease in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries). Proc. Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet., Wildl. Dis. Assoc., Am. Assoc. Wildl. Vet. 1995: 338-341.
11. Morrisey, J. K., T. Reichard, M. Lloyd, and J. Bernard. 1995. Vitamin-D deficiency rickets in three colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza kikuyuensis) at the Toledo Zoo. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 26: 564-568.
12. Nnoaham, K. E., and A. Clarke. 2008. Low serum vitamin D levels and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. 37: 113-119.
13. Puls, R. 1994. Vitamin Levels in Animal Health. Sherpa International, Clearbrook, British Columbia, Canada. P. 89.