Using a GIS to quantify patterns of glacial erosion on northwest iceland: Implications for independent Ice sheets

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 128-137

  Principato, Sarah M ^a   Johnson, Jeremiah S ^a  

^a GETTYSBURG COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY CONDITION; GIS; GLACIAL EROSION; GLACIAL LAKE; GLACIAL LANDFORM; GLACIATION; ICE SHEET; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NUNATAK; SUBGLACIAL ENVIRONMENT;

EURASIA; EUROPE; ICELAND; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 67651012175     PISSN: 15230430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1657/1523-0430-41.1.128     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Andrews, J. T., 2005: Late Quaternary marine sediment studies of the Iceland shelf-Palaeoceanography, land/ice sheet/ocean interactions and deglaciation: a review. In Caseldine, C., Russell, A., Hardardottir, J., and Knudsen, O. (eds.), Iceland-Modern Processes and Past Environments. Developments in Quaternary Science 5. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier B.V., 5-24.
2. Andrews, J. T., and Helgadottir, G., 2003: Late Quaternary ice extent and deglaciation of Hunafloaall, north Iceland: evidence from marine cores. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 35: 218-232.
3. Andrews, J. T., Clark, P., and Stravers, J. A., 1985: The patterns of glacial erosion across the Canadian Arctic. In Andrews, J. T. (ed.), Quaternary Environments: Eastern Canadian Arctic, Baffin Bay, and West Greenland. London: Allen and Unwin, 69-92.
4. Andrews, J. T., Hardardóttir, J., Helgadóttir, G., Jennings, A. E., Geirsdóttir, A., Sveinbjornsdóttir, A. E., Schoolfield, S., Kristjansdottir, G. B., Smith, L. M., Thors, K., and Syvitski, J. P. M., 2000: The north and west Iceland Shelf: insights into Last Glacial Maximum ice extent and deglaciation based on acoustic stratigraphy and basal radiocarbon AMS dates. Quaternary Science Reviews, 19: 619-631.
5. Andrews, J. T., Hardardóttir, J., Geirsdóttir, A., and Helgadóttir, G., 2002: Late Quaternary ice extent and glacial history from the Djúpáll trough, off VestfirSir peninsula, northwest Iceland: a stacked 36 cal ky environmental record. Polar Research, 21: 211-226.
6. Balascio, N. L., Kaufman, D. S., Briner, J. P., and Manley, W. F., 2005: Late Pleistocene glacial geology of the Okpilak-Kongakut Rivers region, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 37: 416-424.
7. Ballantyne, C. K., 2002: Paraglacial geomorphology. Quaternary Science Reviews, 21: 1935-2017.
8. Björnsson, H., 1979: Glaciers in Iceland. Jokull, 29: 74-80.
9. Bond, G. C., and Lotti, R., 1995: Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millennial time scales during the last glaciation. Science, 267: 1005-1009.
10. Boulton, G. S., 1972: The role of thermal regime in glacial sedimentation. Polar Geomorphology, Special Publication- Institute of British Geographers, London, 4: 1-19.
11. Boulton, G. S., 1974: Processes and patterns of glacial erosion. In Coates, D. (ed.), Glacial Geomorphology: Proceedings of the 5th Geomorphology Symposium. Binghamton, New York, 41-87.
12. Boulton, G. S., 1979: Processes of glacier erosion on different substrata. Journal ofGlaciology, 23: 15-37.
13. Boulton, G. S., 1986: Push-moraines and glacier-contact fans in terrestrial and marine environments. Sedimentology, 33: 677-698.
14. Boulton, G. S., Thors, K., and Jarvis, J., 1988: Dispersal of glacially derived sediment over part of the continental shelf of South Iceland and the geometry of the resultant sediment bodies. Marine Geology, 83: 193-223.
15. Bourgeois, O., Dauteuil, O., and van Vliet-Lanoe, B., 1998: Pleistocene subglacial volcanism in Iceland: tectonic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 164: 165-178.
16. Bourgeois, O., Dauteuil, O., and van Vliet-Lanoe, B., 2000: Geothermal control on flow patterns in the Last Glacial Maximum ice sheet of Iceland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 25: 59-76.
17. Bradwell, T., Dugmore, A. J., and Sugden, D. E., 2006: The Little Ice Age glacier maximum in Iceland and the North Atlantic Oscillation: evidence from Lambatungnajokull, southeast Iceland. Boreas, 35: 61-80.
18. Briner, J. P., Miller, G. H., Davis, T., Bierman, P. R., and Caffee, M., 2003: Last Glacial Maximum ice dynamics in Arctic Canada inferred from young erratics perched on ancient tors. Quaternary Science Reviews, 22: 437-444.
19. Briner, J. P., Miller, G. H., Davis, T., and Finkel, R. C., 2005: Cosmogenic exposure dating in arctic glacial landscapes: implications for the glacial history of northeastern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. Canadian Journal ofEarth Sciences, 42: 67-84.
20. Buckland, P., and Dugmore, A., 1991: If this is a refugia, then why are my feet so bloody cold? In Caseldine, C., and Maizels, J. K. (eds.), Environmental Change in Iceland: Past and Present. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 107-125.
21. Davenport, P., Boisvert, E., Quat, M., Okulitch, A., Brodaric, B., Colman-Sadd, S., Nolan, L., Struik, B., MacIntyre, D., Tzeng, P., Scott, D., Gilbert, C., Abbott, G., Bassan, A., Journeay, M., Francis, J., and Houlahan, T., 2002: A scalable, digital map database of bedrock geology for Canada; a progress report. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report OF 02-0370, 47-66.
22. Dionne, J. C., 1987: Tadpole rock (rock drumlin); a glacial streamline moulded form. In Menzies, J., and Rose, J. (eds.), Drumlin Symposium. Rotterdam: Balkema, 149-159.
23. Drewry, D. J., 1986: Glacial Geologic Processes. London: Edward Arnold, 276 pp.
24. Egloff, J., and Johnson, G. L., 1979: Erosional and depositional structures of the Southwest Iceland insular margin; thirteen geophysical profiles. In Watkins, J. S., Montadert, L., and Dickerson, P. W. (eds.), Geological and Geophysical Investigations of Continental Margins. Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 29: 43-63.
25. Einarsson, T., 1973: Geology of Iceland. In Pitcher, M. G. (ed.), Arctic Geology. Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 19: 171-175.
26. Einarsson, T., and Albertsson, K. J., 1988: The glacial history in Iceland during the past three million years. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 318: 637-644.
27. Eiriksson, J., and Geirsdottir, A., 1991: A record of Pliocene and Pleistocene glaciations and climatic changes in the North Atlantic based on variations in volcanic and sedimentary facies in Iceland. Marine Geology, 101: 147-159.
28. Eiriksson, J., Knudsen, K. L., Haflidason, H., and Henriksen, P., 2000: Late-glacial and Holocene paleoceanography of the North Iceland Shelf. Journal ofQuaternary Science, 15: 23-42.
29. Elliot, M., Labeyrie, L., Bond, G., Cortijo, E., Turon, J. L., Tisnerat, N., and Duplessy, J. C., 1998: Millennial-scale iceberg discharges in the Irminger Basin during the last glacial period: relationship with the Heinrich events and environmental settings. Paleoceanography, 13: 433-446.
30. Fabel, D., Stroeven, A., Harbor, J., Kleman, J., Elmore, D., and Fink, D., 2002: Landscape preservation under Fennoscandian ice sheets determined from in situ production of 10Be and 26Al. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 201: 397-406.
31. Flovenze, O. G., and Saemundsson, K., 1993: Heat flow and geothermal processes in Iceland. Tectonophysics, 225: 123-138.
32. Geirsdoi ́ttir, Aí., and Eiríksson, J., 1994: Growth of an intermittent ice sheet in Iceland during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Quaternary Research, 42: 115-130.
33. Geirsdoi ́ttir, Ái., Andrews, J. T., Helgadoí ttir, G., Olafsdoí ttir, S., and Hardardóttir, J., 2002: A 36 ky record oficeberg rafting and sedimentation from north-west Iceland. Polar Research, 21: 291-298.
34. Greenwood, S. L., Clark, C. D., and Hughes, A. L. C., 2007: Formalising an inversion methodology for reconstructing ice- sheet retreat patterns from meltwater channels; application to the British ice sheet. Journal ofQuaternary Science, 22: 637-645.
35. Harbor, J., Stroeven, A. P., Fabel, D., Clarhall, A., Kleman, J., Li, Y., Elmore, D., and Fink, D., 2006: Cosmogenic nuclide evidence for minimal erosion across two subglacial sliding boundaries of the late glacial Fennoscandian ice sheet. Geomorphology, 75: 90-99.
36. Hardarson, B. S., Fitton, J. G., Ellam, R. M., and Pringle, M. S., 1997: Rift relocation; a geochemical and geochronological investigation of a palaeo-rift in Northwest Iceland. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 153: 181-196.
37. Hjort, C., NorSdahl, H., and Ingolfsson, O., 1985: Late Quaternary geology and glacial history of Hornstrandir, Northwest Iceland: a reconnaissance study. Jokull, 35: 9-29.
38. Hoppe, G., 1982: The extent of the last inland ice sheet of Iceland. Jokull, 32: 3-11.
39. Hubbard, A., Sugden, D., Dugmore, A., NorSdahl, H., and Petursson, H. G., 2006: A modeling insight into the Icelandic Last Glacial Maximum ice sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25: 2283-2296.
40. Hughes, T., 1987: Ice dynamics and deglaciation models when ice sheets collapsed. In Ruddiman, W. F., and Wright, H. E., Jr., (eds.), North America and Adjacent Oceans during the Last Deglaciation. The Geology of North America. Boulder: Geological Society of America, 183-220.
41. Ingólfsson, O., 1991: A review of the Late Weichselian and Early Holocene glacial and environmental history of Iceland. In Caseldine, C., and Maizels, J. K. (eds.), Environmental Change in Iceland: Past and Present. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 13-29.
42. Ingólfsson, O., Bjorck, S., Haflidason, H., and Rundgren, M., 1997: Glacial and climatic events in Iceland reflecting regional North Atlantic climatic shifts during the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16: 1135-1144.
43. Jarman, D., 2002: Rock slope failure and landscape evolution in the Caledonian Mountains, as exemplified in the Abisko Area, Northern Sweden. Geografiska Annaler, 84A: 213-224.
44. Kaldal, I., 1978: The deglaciation of the area north and northeast of Hofsjökull, Central Iceland. Jokull, 28: 18-31.
45. Kaplan, M. R., Miller, G. H., and Steig, E., 2001: Low-gradient outlet glaciers (ice streams?) drained the Laurentide ice sheet. Geology, 29: 343-346.
46. Kleman, J., 1994: Preservation of landforms under ice sheets and ice caps. Geomorphology, 9: 19-32.
47. Kleman, J., and Stroeven, A. P., 1997: Preglacial surface remnants and Quaternary glacial regimes in northwestern Sweden. Geomorphology, 19: 35-54.
48. Kleman, J., Borgtrom, I., Robertsson, A. M., and Lillieskold, M., 1992: Morphology and stratigraphy from several deglaciations in the Transtrand Mountains, western Sweden. Journal of Quaternary Science, 7: 1-17.
49. Kristjansson, L., and Jóhannesson, H., 1994: Stratigraphy and paleomagnetism of the lava pile south of Isafjardardjup, NW Iceland. Jökull, 44: 3-16.
50. Larusson, L., 1983: Aspects of the Glacial Geomorphology of the Vestfirdir Peninsula of Northwest Iceland with Particular Reference to the Vestur-Isafjardarsysla Area. Ph.D. thesis. University of Durham, Durham, U.K., 322 pp.
51. Li, Y., Harbor, J., Stroeven, A. P., Fabel, D., Kleman, J., Fink, D., and Caffee, M., 2005: Ice sheet erosion patterns in valley systems in northern Sweden investigated using cosmogenic nuclides. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30: 1039-1049.
52. Li, Y., Napieralski, J., Harbor, J., and Hubbard, A., 2007: Identifying patterns of correspondence between modeled flow directions and field evidence: an automated flow direction analysis. Computers and Geoscience, 33: 141-150.
53. Linton, D. L., 1963: The forms of glacial erosion. Institute of British Geographers Publications, Transactions, and Papers, 33: 1-28.
54. Malmberg, S. A., 1969: Hydrographic changes in the waters between Iceland and Jan Mayen in the last decade. Jokull, 19: 30-43.
55. Malmberg, S. A., 1985: The water masses between Iceland and Greenland. Journal ofMarine Research Institute, 9: 127-140.
56. Marshall, S. J., Tarasov, L., Clarke, G., and Peltier, W., 2000: Glaciological reconstruction of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: physical processes and modeling challenges. Canadian Journal ofEarth Sciences, 37: 769-793.
57. Napieralski, J., Hubbard, A., Li, Y., Harbor, J., Stroeven, A. P., Kleman, J., Alm, G., and Jansson, K. N., 2007: Towards a GIS assessment of numerical ice-sheet model performance using geomorphological data. Journal ofGlaciology, 53: 71-83.
58. NorSdahl, H., 1991: Late Weichselian and Early Holocene deglaciation history of Iceland. Jokull, 40: 27-48.
59. Olafsdottir, Th., 1975: Jokulgardar a sjavarbotni ut af Breifda- dirdi [A moraine ridge on the Icelandic shelf, west of Breidafjordur]. Natturufraedingurinn, 45: 31-36 (in Icelandic).
60. Principato, S. M., 2000: Glacial geology of Reykjarfjördur, N. Iceland. Geological Society ofAmerica Programs with Abstracts, 32: 18-19.
61. Principato, S. M., 2003: The Late Quaternary History of Eastern Vestfirdir, NW Iceland. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Colorado, Boulder, 258 pp.
62. Principato, S. M., and Johnson, J. S., 2005: Geomorphic evidence for independent icecaps on northwest Iceland. Geological Society ofAmerica Programs with Abstracts, 37: 423.
63. Principato, S. M., Geirsdoi ttir, A., Andrews, J. T., and Johannsdóttir, G., 2003: The deglacial history of eastern VestfirSir, NW Iceland. Geological Society of America Programs with Abstracts, 35: 109.
64. Principato, S. M., Jennings, A. E., Kristjansdottir, G. B., and Andrews, J. T., 2005: A comparison of diamicton units from the SW and N Iceland Shelf: implications for the glacial history of Iceland. Journal ofSedimentary Research, 75: 968-983.
65. Principato, S. M., Geirsdóttir, A., Jóhannsdóttir, G., and Andrews, J. T., 2006: Late Quaternary glacial and deglacial history of eastern VestfirSir, Iceland, using cosmogenic isotope (36Cl) exposure ages and marine cores. Journal ofQuaternary Science, 21: 271-285.
66. Rea, B. R., Whalley, W. B., Evans, D., Gordon, J., and McDougall, D., 1998: Plateau icefields: geomorphology and dynamics. In Owen, L. A. (ed.), Mountain Glaciation, Quaternary Proceedings 6. Chichester: John Wiley &Sons Ltd., 35-54.
67. Ruddiman, W. F., and McIntyre, A., 1981: The North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. Palaeogeography, Palaeocli- matology, Palaeoecology, 35: 145-214.
68. Rundgren, M., and Ingolfsson, O., 1999: Plant survival in Iceland during periods of glaciation? Journal of Biogeography, 26: 387-396.
69. Rundgren, M., Ingólfsson, O., Bjork, S., Jiang, H., and Haflidason, H., 1997: Dynamic sea-level change during the last deglaciation of northern Iceland. Boreas, 26: 201-215.
70. Schneider, C., Schnirch, M., Acuna, C., Casassa, G., and Kilian, R., 2007: Glacier inventory of the Gran Campo Nevado ice cap in the Southern Andes and glacier changes observed during recent decades. Global and Planetary Change, 59: 87-100.
71. Stotter, J., Wastl, M., Caseldine, C., and Haberle, T., 1999: Holocene paleoclimatic reconstructions in Northern Iceland: approaches and results. Quaternary Science Reviews, 18: 457-474.
72. Sugden, D. E., 1978: Glacial erosion by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Journal of Glaciology, 20: 367-391.
73. Sugden, D. E., Glasser, N. F., and Clapperton, C. M., 1992: Evolution of large roches moutonneies. Geografiska Annaler, 74A: 253-264.
74. Syvitski, J. P. M., Jennings, A. E., and Andrews, J. T., 1999: High- resolution seismic evidence for multiple glaciation across the Southwest Iceland shelf. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 31: 50-57.
75. Vikingsson, S., 1978: The deglaciation of the southern part of the Skagafjordur district, Northern Iceland. Jokull, 28: 1-17.