Gender differences in metabolic risk factor prevalence in a South African student population

Cardiovascular Journal of Africa

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 178-182

  Smith, Carine ^a   Essop, M Faadiel ^a  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; DIET RESTRICTION; EATING HABIT; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LIFESTYLE; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PREVALENCE; PULSE RATE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

AGE OF ONSET; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS INDEX; CHOLESTEROL; EXERCISE; FEMALE; FOOD HABITS; HUMANS; LIFE STYLE; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SOUTH AFRICA; STUDENTS; TRIGLYCERIDES; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WAIST-HIP RATIO; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 67650996772     PISSN: 19951892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. The Global Burden of Disease: a Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 1996: 295-324.
2. Leeder S, Raymond S, Greenberg H, Liu H, Esson K. A Race Against Time: The Challenge of Cardiovascular Disease in Developing Economies. Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York, 2004.
3. Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Part I: General considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation 2001; 104: 2746-2753. (Pubitemid 33108145)
4. Zimmet P, Alberti KGMM, Kaufman F, et al. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Lancet 2007; 369: 2059-2061.
5. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome - a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005; 366: 1059-1062. (Pubitemid 41338752)
6. Guimaraes IC, Guimaraes AC. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in selected samples of schoolchildren - socioeconomic influence. Prev Cardiol 2005; 8(1): 23-28.
7. Kocaoglu B, Moschonis G, Dimitriou M, et al. Parental educational level and cardiovascular disease risk factors in schoolchildren in large urban areas of Turkey: Directions for public health policy. BMC Publ Hlth 2005; 5: 13. (Pubitemid 40397719)
8. Wake M, Hardy P, Canterford L, Sawyer M, Carlin JB. Overweight, obesity and girth of Australian preschoolers: prevalence and socioeconomic correlates. Int J Obesity 2007; 31: 1044-1051. (Pubitemid 46987757)
9. Al-Safi SA, Aboul-Enein FH, Anoul-Enein BH, Manuel B. Influence of family history and lifestyle on blood pressure and heart rate in young adults in Jordan. Publ Hlth 2006; 120: 1027-1032. (Pubitemid 44567185)
10. Vorster HH. The emergence of cardiovascular disease during urbanization of Africans. Publ Hlth Nutr 2002; 5: 239-243. (Pubitemid 41128313)
11. Ntyinyane LM, Panz VR, Raal FJ, Gill GV. Metabolic syndrome, undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are highly prevalent in urbanized South African blacks with coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc J South Afr 2006; 17: 50-55. (Pubitemid 43966315)
12. Al-Safi SA. Does smoking affect blood pressure and heart rate? Eur J Cardiovasc Nursing 2005; 4: 286-289. (Pubitemid 41739765)
13. Ahima RS, Filer JS. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Trends Endrocrinol Metab 2000; 11: 327-331.
14. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rotnitzky A, Manson JE. Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 481-486.
15. Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, Rodriques C, Heath CW Jr. Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. New Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1097-1105. (Pubitemid 29466221)
16. Czernichow S, Bruckert E, Bertrais S, Galan P, Hercberg S, Oppert J-M. Hypertriglyceridemic waist and 7.5-year prospective risk of cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic middle-aged men. Int J Obesity 2007; 31: 791-796. (Pubitemid 46663815)
17. Tankó LB, Bagger YZ, Qin G, Alexandersen P, Larsen PJ, Christiansen C. Enlarged waist combined with elevated triglycerides is a strong predictor of accelerated atherogenesis and related cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women. Circulation 2005; 111: 1883-1890. (Pubitemid 40570207)
18. Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, Farquhar WB, Kelley GA, Chester AR. Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exer 2004; 36(6): 533-553.
19. Eisenmann JC, Welk GJ, Ihmels M, Dollman J. Fatness, fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exer 2007; 39(8): 1251-1256. (Pubitemid 47344006)
20. Eisenman JC, Welk GJ, Wickel EE, Blair SN. Combined influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index on cardiovascular disease risk factors among 8-18 uear old youth: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Int J Pediatr Obes 2007; 2(2): 66-72. (Pubitemid 46930346)