Characterization of atmospheric ammonia over Xi'an, China

Aerosol and Air Quality Research

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 277-289

  Cao, Jun Ji ^a,b   Zhang, Ting ^a   Chow, Judith C ^c   Watson, John G ^c   Wu, Feng ^a   Li, Hua ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

^b XI'AN JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aerosol; Agricultural activity

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; AGRICULTURE; URBAN GROWTH;

AEROSOL CONCENTRATION; AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES; ANNUAL AVERAGE CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; BIOLOGICAL EMISSION; CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENTS; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; SEASONAL VARIATION;

AMMONIA;

AEROSOL; AMMONIA; BIOGENIC EMISSION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); GAS; HUMAN ACTIVITY; MEASUREMENT METHOD; SEASONAL VARIATION; SUBURBAN AREA; URBAN AREA; VOLATILIZATION;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; SHAANXI; XIAN;

EID: 67650938429     PISSN: 16808584     EISSN: 20711409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2008.10.0043     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Alebic-Juretic, A. (2008). Airborne Ammonia and Ammonium within the Northern Adriatic Area, Croatia. Environ. Pollut. 154: 439-447.
2. Aneja, V.P., Chauhan, J.P., Walker, J.T. (2000). Characterization of Atmospheric Ammonia Emissions from Swine Waste Storage and Treatment Lagoons. J. Geophys. Res. 105: 11535-11545.
3. 2.5 in New York. Atmos. Environ. 37: 2825-2835.
4. Barthelmie, R.J., Pryor, S.C. (1998). Implications of Ammonia Emissions for Fine Aerosol Formation and Visibility Impairment-A Case Study from the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia. Atmos. Environ. 32: 345-352.
5. Biswas, K.F., Ghauri, B.M. and Husain, L. (2008). Gaseous and Aerosol Pollutants During Fog and Clear Episodes in South Asian Urban Atmos. Environ. 42: 7775- 7785.
6. 2.5 Across Multiple Canadian locations. Atmos. Environ. 31:4223-4236.
7. Cao, J.J., Wu, F., Chow, J.C., Lee, S.C., Li, Y., Chen, S.W., An, Z.S., Fung, K.K., Watson, J.G. and Zhu, C.S. (2005). Characterization and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Organic and Elemental Carbon during Fall and Winter of 2003 in Xi'an, China. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5:3127-3137.
8. Cao, J.J., Lee, S.C., Ho, K.F., Fung, K., Chow, J.C. and Watson, J.G. (2006). Characterization of Roadside Fine Particulate Carbon and its 8 Fractions in Hong Kong. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 6: 106- 122.
9. Carmichael, G.R., Ferm, M., Thongboonchoo, N., Woo J.H., Chan, L.Y., Murano, K., Viet, P.H., Mossberg, C, Bala, R., Boonjawat, J. and others. (2003). Measurements of Sulfur Dioxide, Ozone and Ammonia Concentrations in Asia, Africa and South America Using Passive Samplers. Atmos. Environ. 37:1293-1308.
10. Chou, M.S., Wang, C.H. (2007). Treatment of Ammonia in Air Stream by Biotrickling Filter. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 7:17-32.
11. Danalatos, D. and Glavas, P. (1999). Gas Phase Nitric Acid, Ammonias and Related Particulate Matter at a Mediterranean Coastal Site, Patra, Greece. Atmos. Environ. 33:3417-3425.
12. Erisman, J.W., Vermetten, A.W.M., Asman, W.A.H., Wayers-Ijpelaana, A. and Slanina, J. (1988). Vertical Distribution of Gases and Aerosols: Behaviour of Ammonia and Related Components in the Lower Atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 22: 1153- 1160.
13. Galloway, J.N., Zhao, D.W., Xiong, J. and Likens, G.E. (1987). Acid Rain: China, US and a Remote Area. Science. 230: 1559- 1562.
14. Gietl, J.K., Tritscher, T. and Klemm, O. (2008). Size-segregated Analysis of PMio at Two Sites, Urban and Rural, in Munster (Germany) Using Five-stage Berner Type Impactors. Atmos. Environ. 42: 5721-5727.
15. Huang, H., Cao, J.J., Lee, S.C, Zou, C.W., Chen, X.G. and Fan, S.J. (2007). Spatial Variation and Relationship of Indoor/outdoor PM2.5 at Residential Homes in Guangzhou City, China. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 7:518-530.
16. Kang, CM., Lee, H.S., Kang, B.W., Lee, S.K. and Sunwoo, Y. (2004). Chemical Characteristics of Acidic Fas Pollutants and PM2.5 Species during Hazy Episodes in Seoul, South Korea. Atmos. Environ. 38: 4749-4760.
17. Kapoor, R.K., Singh, G. and Tiwari, S. (1992). Ammonia Concentration Vis-a-vis Meteorological Conditions at Delhi, India. Atmos. Res. 28: 1-9.
18. Khemani, L.T., Momin, G.A., Naik, M.S., Rao, P.S.P., Safai, P.D. and Murty, A.S.R. (1987). Influence of Alkaline Particulates on pH of Cloud and Rain Water in India. Atmos. Environ. 21:1137-1145.
19. Kobara, H., Takeuchi, K. and Ibusuki, T. (2007). Effect of Relative Humidity on Aerosol Generation through Experiments at Low Concentrations of Gaseous Nitric Acid and Ammonia. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 7: 193-204.
20. Koerkamp, P.W.G.G., Metz, J.H.M., Uenk, G.H., Phillips, V.R., Holden, M.R., Sneath, R.W., Short, J.L., White, R.P., Hartung, J., Seedorf, J., Schroder, M., Linkert, K.H., Pedersen, S., Takai, H., Johnsen, J.O. and Wathes, CM. (1998). Concentrations and Emissions of Ammonia in Livestock Buildings in Northern Europe. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 70: 79-95.
21. Kulshrestha, U.C, Sarkar, A.K., Srivastava, S.S. and Parashar, D.C (1996). Investigation into Atmospheric Deposition through Precipitation Studies at New Delhi (India). Atmos. Environ. 30:4149-4154.
22. Larsen, R.K., Steinbacher, J.C and Baker, J.E. (2001). Ammonia Exchange between the Atmosphere and the Surface Waters at Two Locations in the Chesapeake Bay. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35: 4731-4738.
23. Lee, H.S., Wadden, R.A. and Scheff, P.A. (1993). Measurement and Evaluation of Acid Air Pollutants in Chicago Using an Annular Denuder System. Atmos. Environ. 27: 553-554.
24. Lee, H.S., Kang, CM., Kang, B.W. and Kim, H.K. (1999). Seasonal Variations of Acidic Air Pollutants in Seoul, South Korea. Atmos. Environ. 33:3143-3152.
25. 2O Nucleation and Siesel Exhaust: a Classical Approach. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 7: 489- 499.
26. Lenhard, V. and Gravenhorst, G. (1980). Evaluation of Ammonia of Fluxes into the Free Atmosphere over Western Germany. Tellus. 328:48-55.
27. Likens, G.E., Keene, W.C, Miller, J.M. and Galloway, J.N. (1987). Chemistry of Precipitation from a Remote, Terrestrial Site in Australia. J. Geophys. Res. 92: 13299-13314.
28. Lindberg, S.E., Bredemeier, M., Schaefer, D.A. and Qi, L. (1990). Atmospheric Concentrations and Deposition of Nitrogen and Major Ions in Conifer Forests in the United States and Federal Republic of Germany. Atmos. Environ. 24:2207-2220.
29. Loflund, M., Kasper-Giebl, A., Stopper, S., Urban, H., Bieli, P., Kirchner M., Braeutigam S. and Puxbaum H. (2002). Monitoring Ammonia in Urban, Inner Alpine and Pre-alpine Ambient Air. J. Environ. Monit. 4: 205-209.
30. Matsumoto, M. and Okita, T. (1998). Long Term Measurements of Atmospheric Gaseous and Aerosol Species Using an Annular Denuder System in Nara, Japan. Atmos. Environ. 32: 1419-1425.
31. Nemitz, E., Milford, C and Sutton, M.A. (2001). A Two-Layer Canopy Compensation Point Model for Describing Bi-directional Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Ammonia. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 127: 815-833.
32. Perrino, C, Catrambone, M., DiMenno, A. and Bucchianico, D. (2002). Gaseous Ammonia in the Urban Area of Rome, Italy and its Relationship with Traffic Emissions. Atmos. Environ. 36: 5385-5394.
33. Possanzini, M., Buttini, P. and Dipalo, V. (1988). Characterization of a Rural Area in Terms of Dry and Wet Deposition. Sci. Total. Environ. 74:111-120.
34. Rabaud, N.E., James, T.A., Ashbaugh, L.L. and Flocchini, R.G. (2001). A Passive Sampler for the Determination of Airborne Ammonia Concentrations near Large-Scale Animal Facilities. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35: 1190-1196.
35. Roadman, M.J., Scudlark, J.R., Meisinger, J.J. and Ullman, W.J. (2003). Validation of Ogawa Passive Samplers for the Determination of Gaseous Ammonia Concentrations in Agricultural Settings. Atmos. Environ. 37:2317-2325.
36. Singh, S.P., Satsangi, G.S., Khare, P., Lakhani, A., Maharaj Kumari, K. and Srivastava, S.S. (2001). Multiphase Measurement of Atmospheric Ammonia. Chemosphere- Global Change Sci. 3:107-116.
37. Sutton, M.A., Burkhardt, J.K., Guerin, D., Nemitz, E. and Fowler, D. (1998). Development of Resistance Models to Describe Measurements of Bi-directional Ammonia-surface Exchange.1 Atmos. Environ. 32: 473-480.
38. Tate, P. (2002). Ammonia Sampling Using Ogawa Passive Samplers. [MS Thesis]. University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
39. Thöni, L., Seitler, E., Blatter, A. and Neftel, A. (2003). A Passive Sampling Method to Determine Ammonia in Ambient Air. J. Environ. Monit. 5: 96-99.
40. Tuncel, S.G. and Ungor, S. (1996). Rain Water Chemistry in Ankara, Turkey. Atmos. Environ. 30: 2721-2727.
41. Walker, J.T., Whitall, D.R., Robarge, W. and Paerl, H.W. (2004). Ambient Ammonia and Ammonium Aerosol across a Region of Variable Ammonia Emission Density. Atmos. Environ. 38: 1235-1246.
42. Wilson, S.M. and Serre, M.L. (2007). Use of Passive Samplers to Measure Atmospheric Ammonia Levels in a High-density Industrial Hog Farm Area of Eastern North Carolina. Atmos. Environ. 41: 6074-6086.
43. Yamamoto, N., Kabeya, N., Onodera, M., Takahahi, S., Koraori, Y., Nakazuka, E. and Shirai, T. (1988). Seasonal Variation of Atmospheric Ammonia and Particulate Ammonium Concentrations in the Urban Atmosphere of Yokohama over a 5-year Period. Atmos. Environ. 22:2621-2623.
44. 2.5. Atmos. Environ. 40:2835-2844.