Refinements in biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, and paleogeography of the mississippian (lower carboniferous) Mobarak formation, Alborz Mountains, Iran

GeoArabia

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 43-78

  Brenckle, Paul L ^a   Gaetani, Maurizio ^a   Angiolini, Lucia ^b   Bahrammanesh, Maryamnaz ^c  

^a University of Milani ^*

^b UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^c GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF IRAN   (Iran)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CARBONIFEROUS; CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY; FORAMINIFERA; MISSISSIPPIAN; MOUNTAIN REGION; PALEOGEOGRAPHY; PENNSYLVANIAN; TETHYS; TOURNAISIAN;

ASIA; ELBURZ; EURASIA; IRAN; MIDDLE EAST; RUSSIAN PLATFORM;

ALGAE; BRACHIOPODA; FORAMINIFERA;

EID: 67650918304     PISSN: 10256059     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/geoarabia140343     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Ahmadzadeh Heravi, M. 1971. Stratigraphische und paläontologische Untersuchungen im Unterkarbon des zentralen Elburs (Iran). Clausthaler Geologische Abhandlungen, v. 7, p. 1-114.
2. Angiolini L., H. Brunton and M. Gaetani 2005. Early Permian (Asselian) brachiopods from Karakorum and their palaeobiogeographical significance. Palaeontology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 1-18.
3. Angiolini, L., M. Gaetani, G. Muttoni, M.H. Stephenson and A. Zanchi 2007. Tethyan oceanic currents and climatic gradients 300 MY ago. Geology, v. 35, no. 12, p. 1071-1074.
4. Antropov, LA. 1967. Devonian and Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Algae from the central part of the eastern Russian Platform. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe otdelenie, Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, p. 118-125 (in Russian).
5. Assereto, R. 1963. The Paleozoic formations in central Elburz (Iran). (Preliminary note). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 69, no. 4, p. 503-543.
6. Assereto, R. 1966. Geological map of upper Djadjerud and Lar valleys (central Elburz, Iran), 1:50.000, with explanatory notes. Pubblicazione Istituto di Geologia dell'Università di Milano, no. 232, 86 p.]
7. Benson, W.N., W.S. Dun and W.R. Browne 1920. The geology and petrology of the Great Serpentine Belt of New South Wales. Part IX. The geology, palaeontology and petrography of the Currabubula District, with notes on adjacent regions. Linnean Society of New South Wales, Proceedings, v. 45, no. 3, p. 337-423.
8. Besse, J., F. Torcq, Y. Gallet, L.E. Ricou, L. Krystyn and A. Saidi 1998. Late Permian to Late Triassic palaeomagnetic data from Iran: constraints on the migration of the Iranian block through the Tethyan Ocean and initial destruction of Pangaea. Geophysical Journal International, v. 135, no. 1, p. 72-92.
9. Bogush, O.I. and PL. Brenckle 1982. Salebridae-A new family of uncertain affinity from the Lower Carboniferous of the Soviet Union and United States. In O.V. Yuferev (Ed.), Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Devonian and Carboniferous. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Institut Geologii i Geofiziki, vyp. 483, p. 103-118 (in Russian).
10. Bogush, O.I. and O.V Yuferev 1970. Foraminifera. In A.M. Obut (Ed.), Carboniferous of the Omolon and southwestern part of the Kolyma Massifs. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Institut Geologii i Geofiziki, Izdatel'stvo "Nauka", Moskva, vyp. 60, p. 68-74 (in Russian).
11. Bozorgnia, F. 1973. Paleozoic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of central and east Alborz Mountains, Iran. National Iranian Oil Company, Geological Laboratories Publication, no. 4,185 p. Brenckle, PL. 2004. Late Visean (Mississippian) calcareous microfossils from the Tarim Basin of western China. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 34, no. 2, p. 144-164.
12. Brenckle, PL. and L. Hance 2005. New and revised Tournaisian (Early Mississippian) foraminiferal taxa from Belgium. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. Ill, no. 2, p. 197-214.
13. Brenckle, PL., F.C. Marshall, S.F. Waller and M.H. Wilhelm 1982. Calcareous microfossils from the Mississippian Keokuk Limestone and adjacent formations, Upper Mississippi River Valley: Their meaning for North American and intercontinental correlation. Geologica et Palaeontologica, v. 15, p. 47-88.
14. Brice, D., B. Mistiaen and J.C. Rohart 1999. New data on distribution of brachiopods, rugose corals and stromatoporoids in the Upper Devonian of central and eastern Iran. Palaeobiogegraphic implications. Annales de la Societe Geologique du Nord, v. 7, p. 21-32.
15. Chermnykh, V.A. 1972. New genera of Early Carboniferous foraminifers from the North and near- Polar Urals. Instituta Geologii Komi Filiala AN SSSR, Ezhegodnik 1971, p. 35-39 (in Russian).
16. Chernysheva, N.E. 1948a. On Archaediscus and related forms from the Lower Carboniferous of the USSR. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, Geologicheskaya Seriya (No. 19), vyp. 62, p. 150-158 (in Russian).
17. Chernysheva, N.E. 1948b. Some new species of foraminifers from the Visean stage in the Makarovo region (South Urals). Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, Geologicheskaya Seriya (No. 19), vyp. 62, p. 246-250 (in Russian).
18. Conil R., E. Groessens, M. Laloux, E. Poty and F. Tourneur 1991. Carboniferous guide Foraminifera, corals and conodonts in the Franco-Belgian and Campine basins: Their potential for widespread correlation. In PL. Brenckle and and W.L. Manger (Eds.), Intercontinental Correlation and Division of the Carboniferous System. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 130, p. 15-30 [imprinted 1990].
19. Conil, R., E. Groessens and H. Pirlet 1977. Nouvelle charte stratigraphique du Dinantien type de la Belgique. Annales de la Société géologique du Nord, v. 96, Séance du 4 Novembre 1976, p. 363-371.
20. Conil, R. and M. Lys 1964. Matériaux pour l'étude micropaléontologique du Dinantien de la Belgique et de la France (Avesnois): Partie 1, algues et foraminifères, et partie 2, foraminiferes. Memoires dè l'lnstirut géologique de l'Université de Louvain, v. 23,296 p.
21. Conil, R. and M. Lys 1967. Apercu sur les associations de foraminifères endothyroïdes du Dinantien de la Belgique. Annales, Société géologique de Belgique, v. 90, no. 4, p. B395-B412.
22. Dain, L.G. 1953. Tournayellidae. In L.G. Dain and L.P. Grozdilova, Fossil Foraminifers of the USSR, TournayellidaeandArchaediscidae. Trudy VsesoyuzhogoNeftyanogoNauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-Razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), Novaya Seriya, vyp. 74, p. 5-65 (in Russian).
23. Devuyst, F.-X. 2006. The Tournaisian-Viséan boundary in Eurasia. Definition, biostratigraphy, sedimentology and early evolution of the genus Eoparastaffella (foraminifer). Thèse doctorale, Université catholique de Louvain, 430 p.
24. Devuyst, F.-X., L. Hance, H. Hou, X. Wu, S. Tian, M. Coen and G. Sevastopulo 2003. A proposed global stratotype section and point for the base of the Viséan Stage (Carboniferous): the Pengchong section, Guangxi, South China. Episodes, v. 26, no. 2, p. 105-115.
25. Devuyst, F.-X. and J. Kalvoda 2007. Early evolution of the genus Eoparastaffella (Foraminifera) in Eurasia: the "interiecta group" and related forms, late Tournaisian to early Visean. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 37, no. 1, p. 69-89.
26. Ehrenberg, C.G. 1854. Zur Mikrogeologie: L. Voss, Leipzig, 374 p.
27. Fantini Sestini, N. 1966. The geology of the upper Djadjerud and Lars valleys (North Iran), II. Palaeontology. Brachiopods from Geirud Formation, Member D (Lower Permian). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 72, no. 1, p. 9-50.
28. Fielding, C.R., T.D. Franck, L.P. Birgenheier, A.T. Jones and J. Roberts 2008. Stratigraphic imprint of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in eastern Australia: a record of alternating glacial and nonglacial climate regime. Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 165, p. 129-140.
29. Gaetani M. 1964. Rossirhynchus adamantinus gen. n., sp. n. from the Tournaisian of Central Elburz, Iran (Rhynchonellida). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 70, p. 637-648.
30. Gaetani M. 1965. The geology of the upper Djadjerud and Lar valleys (North Iran), II. Palaeontology. Brachiopods and Molluscs from the Geirud Formation, Member A. (Upper Devonian and Tournaisian). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 71, p. 679-771.
31. Gaetani, M. 1968. The geology of the upper Djadjerud and Lar valleys (North Iran), II. Palaeontology. Lower Carboniferous brachiopods from central Elburz, Iran. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 74, p. 665-744.
32. Gaetani, M., L. Angiolini, K. Ueno, A. Nicora, M. Stephenson, D. Sciunnach, R. Rettori, G. Price, and J. Sabouri 2009. Pennsylvanian to Early Triassic stratigraphy in Alborz Mountains (Iran). In M.-F. Brunet, M. Wilmsen and J.W. Granath (Eds.), South Caspian to Central Iran Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, no. 312, p. 79-128.
33. Girty, G.H. 1915. The fauna of the Batesville Sandstone of northern Arkansas. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, no. 593,170 p.
34. Golonka, J. 2002. Plate-tectonic maps of the Phanerozoic. SEPM Special Publication, v. 72, p. 21-75.
35. Grozdilova, L.P. and N.S. Lebedeva 1954. Forarninifers of the Lower Carboniferous and Bashkirian Stage of the Middle Carboniferous of the Kolvo-Vishera region. Trudy Vsesoyuzhogo Neftyanogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Geologo-Razvedochnogo Instituta (VNIGRI), Mikrofauna SSSR, sbornik 7, novaya seriya, v. 81, p. 4-235 (in Russian).
36. Habibi, T, C. Corradini, and M. Yazdi 2008. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous Shahmirzad section, central Alborz, Iran. Geobios, v. 41, p. 763-777.
37. Hall, J. 1857. Description of Paleozoic fossils, chiefly from those constituting the third volume of the Paleontology of New York. Tenth Annual Report of the New York State Cabinet of Natural History, Albany, p. 30-186.
38. Hall, J. 1858. Part 2, Paleontology. In J. Hall and J.D. Whitney (Eds.), Report on the Geological Survey of the state of Iowa; embracing the results of investigations made during portions of the years 1855-1857. Geological Survey of Iowa, v. 1, p. 473-724.
39. Hance L. 1997. Eoparastaffella, its evolutionary pattern and biostratigraphical potential. In C.A. Ross, J.R.P. Ross and PL. Brenckle (Eds.), Late Paleozoic Foraminifera: Their biostratigraphy, evolution, and paleoecology and the Mid-Carboniferous boundary. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, no. 36, p. 59-62.
40. Haq, B.U. and S.R. Schutter 2008. A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes. Science, v. 322, 03/10/2008, p. 64-68.
41. Hoare, R.D. and B. Aghababalu 2001. Large Devonian and Mississippian Rostrochonchs (mollusca) from Iran. Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, no. 5, p. 1047-1051.
42. Isbell, J.L., M.F. Miller, K.L. Wolfe and PA. Lenaker 2003. Timing of Late Paleozoic glaciation in Gondwana: Was the glaciation responsible for the development of Northern Hemisphere cyclothems? Geological Society of America, Special Paper, no. 370, p. 5-24.
43. Jenny, J.G. 1977. Géologie et stratigraphie de l'Elbourz oriental entre Aliabad et Shahrud, Iran. Thèse doctorale, Université de Geneve, no. 1820,238 p.
44. Jenny, J. and G. Stampfli 1978. Lithostratigraphie du Permien de l'Elbourz oriental en Iran. Eclogae Geologiae Helvetiae, v. 71, p. 551-580.
45. Kalvoda, J. 2002. Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous foraminiferal fauna: Zonations, evolutionary events, paleobiogeography and tectonic implications. Folia, Geologia, v. 39,213 p.
46. Kiessling, W, E. Flügel and J. Golonka 1999. Paleoreef maps: Evaluation of a comprehensive database on Phanerozoic reefs. Bulletin of American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 83, no. 10, p. 1552-1587.
47. Kulagina, E.IV N.B. Gibshman and V.N. Pazukhin 2003. Foraminiferal zonal standard for the Lower Carboniferous of Russia and its correlation with the conodont zonation. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 109, no. 2, p. 173-185.
48. Kutzbach, J.E., RJ. Guetter and W.M. Washington 1990. Simulated circulation of an idealized ocean for Pangaean time. Paleoceanography, v. 5, p. 299-317.
49. H.M. 1991. Early Carboniferous Foraminifera from northern margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. Xinjiang Geology, v. 9, p. 124-137 (in Chinese with English summary).
50. Lipina, O.A. 1951. Foraminifers of the Tournaisian Stage and presumed Devonian beds of Nordvik (Yurung-Tumus Peninsula). Trudy Nauchno- Issledovatel'skiy Institut Geologii Arktiki Glavsermorputi, v. 17, vyp. 1, p. 92-125 (in Russian). Lys, M., G. Stampfli and J. Jenny 1978.
51. Biostratigraphie du Carbonifere et du Permien de l'Elbourz oriental (Iran du NE). Notes du Laboratoire de Paleontologie, Universite de Genève, fasc. 2, p. 63-99.
52. Malakhova, N.P. 1956. Upper Tournaisian foraminifers from the western slope of the North and Middle Urals. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ural'skiy Filial, Trudy Gorno-Geologicheskogo Instituta, Sbornik po Voprosam Stratigrafii no. 3, Moscow, vyp. 24, p. 72-155 (in Russian).
53. Malakhova, N.P. 1957. Some new foraminiferal species from Lower Carboniferous deposits of the Urals. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ural'skiy Filial, Trudy Gorno-Geologicheskogo Instituta, vyp. 28, p. 3-8 (in Russian).
54. Malakhova, N.P. 1963. A new foraminiferal genus from lower Visean deposits of the Urals. Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 110-112 (in Russian). Malakhova, N.P. 1975. Lower Visean foraminifers of the eastern slope of the South Urals. In N.P.
55. Malakhova, and B.I. Chuvashov (Eds.), Foraminifers and Stratigraphy of the Early Visean of the Urals. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ural'skiy Nauchyy Tsentr, Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geochimii, Symposium on Questions of Stratigraphy, no. 21, p. 5-70 (in Russian).
56. Mamet, B.L. 1990. Chapter 19-Carboniferous calcareous Algae. In R. Riding (Ed.), Calcareous Algae and stromatolites. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 370-451.
57. Mamet, B.L. 1992. Paleogeographie des algues calcaires marines carboniferes. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 29, no. 1, p. 174-194.
58. Mamet, B. and A. Roux 1974. Sur quelques Algues tubulaires scalariformes de la Tethys paleozoique. Revue de Micropaleontologie, v. 17, no. 3, p. 134-156.
59. Mamet, B. and A. Roux 1975. Algues dévoniennes et carbonifères de la Téthys occidentale-Troisième partie. Revue de Micropaléontologie, v. 18, no. 3, p. 134-187.
60. Mamet, B. and B. Rudloff 1972. Algues carbonifères de la partie septentrionale de l'Amérique du Nord. Revue de Micropaléontologie, v. 15, no. 2, p. 75-114.
61. McElinnhy, M.W., CM. Powell and S.A. Pisarevsky 2003. Paleozoic terranes of eastern Australia and the drift history of Gondwana. Tectonophysics, v. 362, p. 41-65.
62. Meissami, A., G. Termier, H. Termier and D. Vachard 1978. Sur certains caractères micropaléontologiques du Mobarakien de l'Elbourz central (Iran). Compte rendu, Académie des Sciences, Paris, v. 287, p. 117-119.
63. Meissami, A., H. Termier and G. Termier 1977. La phrase transgressive mobarakienne (Tournaisien- Viséen) sur la bordure méridionale de la Tethys. Compte rendu, Académie des Sciences, Paris, v. 285, p. 1163-1165.
64. Mistiaen, B., H. Gholamalian, R. Gourvennec, Y. Plusquellec, F. Bigey, D. Brice, M. Feist, R. Feist, M. Ghobadipour, M. Kebriae-ee, B. Milahu, J.-P. Nicollin, J.C. Rohart, D. Vachard and M. Yazdi 2000. Preliminary data on the Upper Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) and Permian fauna and flora from the Chariseh area (Esfahan province, central Iran). Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, v. 8, p. 93-102.
65. Möller, V. von 1879. Die Foraminiferen des russischen Kohlenkalks. L'Académié impériale des Sciences, St.-Petersbourg : Mémoires, v. 27, no. 5,131 p. Muir-Wood, H.M. 1928. The British Carboniferous Producti, II. Geological Survey, Great Britain, Palaeontology, Mem. 3, pt. 1, p. 1-217.
66. Muttoni, G., M. Mattei, M. Balini, A. Zanchi, M. Gaetani and F. Berra 2009. The drift history of Iran from the Ordovician to the Triassic 2009. In M.-F. Brunei, M. Wilmsen and J.W. Granath (Eds.), South Caspian to Central Iran Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, no. 312, p. 8-29.
67. Petryk, A.A. 1971. A new Lower Carboniferous Archaediscus (Foraminifera) from southwestern Alberta. Micropaleontology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 249-252.
68. Pirlet, H. and R. Conil 1977. L 'évolution des Archaediscidae viséens. Bulletin de la Société beige de Géologie, de Paléontologie et d'Hydrologie, v. 82, fasc. 2, p. 241-300 [imprinted 1973].
69. Poletaev, V.I. 2006. New Species of Spiriferids (Brachiopoda) from the Devonian and Carboniferous of Eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal, v. 40,5, p. 507-517.
70. Postoyalko, M.V. 1970. Some representatives of the genus Dainella from upper Tournaisian and lower Visean deposits of the western slope of the Middle Urals, in Materials on the Paleontology of the Urals. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ural'skiy Filial, Institut Geologii i Geochimii, p. 123-132 (in Russian).
71. Poty, E., F.-X. Devuyst, and L. Hance 2006. Upper Devonian and Mississippian foraminiferal and rugose coral zonations of Belgium and northern France: A tool for Eurasian correlations. Geological Magazine, p. 1-29.
72. Pronina, T.V. 1963. Foraminifers of the Caboniferous Berezovsky suite from the eastern slope of the South Urals. In Papers on Problems of Stratigraphy, no. 7, Stratigraphy and Fauna of the Paleozoic of the Urals, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ural'skii Filial, Trudy Instituta Geologii, v. 65, p.119-176 (in Russian).
73. Rauzer-Chernousova, D.M. 1937. Chapter 2: Upper Paleozoic foraminifers. In D.M. Rauzer- Chernousova and A.V. Fursenko, Guide to Foraminifers from the Oil-Bearing Regions of the USSR, Part 1. ONTL NKTP, SSSR, Glavnaya Redaktsiya Gorno-Toplivnoy Literatury, Leningrad and Moscow, 320 p. (in Russian).
74. Rauzer-Chernousova, D.M. 1948a. The genus Haplophragmella and related forms. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, Geologicheskaya Seriya (No. 19), vyp. 62, p. 159-165 (in Russian).
75. Rauzer-Chernousova, D.M. 1948b. Lower Carboniferous endothyrins of the group Endothyra crassa and related forms. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, Geologicheskaya Seriya (No. 19), vyp. 62, p. 166-175 (in Russian).
76. Rauzer-Chernousova, D.M. 1948c. On some endothyrids of the group Endothyra bradyi Mikhailov. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, Geologicheskaya Seriya (No. 19), vyp. 62, p. 176-181 (in Russian).
77. Rauzer-Chernousova, D.M. 1948d. Some new species of foraminifers from Lower Carboniferous deposits of the Moscow Basin. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, Geologicheskaya Seriya (No. 19), vyp. 62, p. 227-238 (in Russian).
78. Rauzer-Chernousova, D.M., G. Belyaev and E. Reitlinger 1936. Upper Paleozoic foraminifers of the Pechora region. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Iolyarnoy Komissii, vyp. 28, p. 159-232 (in Russian and German).
79. Reichel, M. 1946. Sur quelques foraminiferes nouveaux du Permien méditerranéan. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 38, no. 2, p. 524-560.
80. Reitlinger, E.A. 1954. Devonian forarninifers from some sections in the eastern part of the Russian Platform. VNIGNI, Paleontologicheskyi Sbornik, pub. 1, p. 52-81 (in Russian).
81. Reitlinger, E.A. 1966. On umbellids from the European part of the Soviet Union and Transcaucasia. In V.P. Maslov and V.A. Vakhrameev (Eds.), Fossil charophytes of the Soviet Union. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Geologicheskiy Institut, Trudy, vyp. 143, p. 213-220 (in Russian).
82. Reitlinger, E.A., M.V. Vdovenko, V.S. Gubareva and O.A. Scherbakov 1996. European part of the USSR-Lower Carboniferous. In R.H. Wagner, C.F. Winkler Prins and L.F. Granados (Eds.), The Carboniferous of the World, III. International Union of Geological Sciences Publication No. 33, Instituto Tecnológico GeoMinero de España and National Naturhistorisch Museum, p. 23-54.
83. Rygel, M.C., C.R. Fielding, T.D. Frank and L.P. Birgenheier 2008. The magnitude of Late Paleozoic glacioeustatic fluctuations: A synthesis. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 78, no. 8, p. 500-511.
84. Sartenaer, P. and G. Plodowski 1996. Restatement of the Tournaisian Spirifer tornacensis de Koninck, 1883 on the base of the original collection. Bulletin Sciences naturelles. Belgique, v. 66, p. 53-71.
85. Sarytcheva T.G., A.N. Sokolskaya, G.A. Beznosova and S.V. Maksimova 1963. Brakhiopody i paleogeografia karbona Kuznetskoi kotloviny. Akademiya Nauk S.S.S.R. Paleontologicheskii Institut Trudy, no. 95, p. 1-547 (in Russian).
86. Scheffler, K., D. Buehmann and L. Schwark 2006. Analysis of late Palaeozoic glacial to postglacial sedimentary successions in South Africa by geochemical proxies - Response to climate evolution and sedimentary environment. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 240, p. 184-203.
87. Sengör, A.M.C. 1990. A new model for the Late Palaeozoic-Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Iran and implications for Oman. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 49, p. 797-831.
88. Shi, G., Z.Q. Chen and L.P Zhan 2005. Early Carboniferous brachiopod faunas from the Baoshan block, west Yunnan, southwest China. Alcheringa, v. 29, p. 31-85.
89. Stampfli, G.M. 1978. Etude géologique générate de l'Elbourz oriental au sud de Gonbad-e Qabus, Iran NE. These doctorale, Université de Genève, no. 1868,315 p.
90. Stampfli, G.M. 2000. Tethyan oceans. In E. Bozkurt, J.A. Winchester and J.D. Piper (Eds.), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. Geological Society of London, Special Publication no. 173, p. 1-23.
91. thInternational Congress of Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology, Sheffield, 1967, Compte rendu, v. 4, p. 1505-1518.
92. Termier, H. and G. Termier 1950. Paléontologie marocaine: Tome 2, Invertébrés de l'Ere primaire. Fasc. 1 - Foraminiferes, spongiaires et coelentérés. Service géologique de Maroc, Division des Mines et de la Géologie, Notes et Mémoires, v. 73,220 p.
93. Tolmachoff, LP. 1924. The Lower Carboniferous fauna of the Kusnetsk Coal Field. Mat. Obshch. Prikl. Geol., v. 25, no. 1, p. 1-320 (in Russian).
94. Torsvik, H.T. and L.R.M. Cocks 2004. Earth geography from 400 to 250 Ma: a palaeomagnetic, faunal and fades review. Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 161, p. 555-572.
95. Ueno, K., D. Watanabe, H. Igo, Y. Kakuwa and R. Matsumoto 1997. Early Carboniferous foraminifers from the Mobarak Formation of Shahmirzad, northeastern Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. In C.A. Ross, J.R.P. Ross and PL. Brenckle (Eds.), Late Paleozoic Foraminifera: Their biostratigraphy, evolution, and paleoecology and the Mid-Carboniferous boundary. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, no. 36, p. 149-152.
96. Vachard, D. 1980. Tethys et Gondwana au Paléozoi'que supérieur, les données afghanes: Biostratigraphie, micropaléontologie, paléogéographie. Documents et Travaux de l'institut géologique Albert de Lapparent, no. 2,463 p.
97. Vachard, D. 1996. Iran. In R.H. Wagner, C.F. Winkler Prins and L.F. Granados (Eds.), The Carboniferous of the World, III - The former USSR, Mongolia, Middle Eastern Platform, Afghanistan, and Iran.
98. International Union of Geological Sciences Publication no. 33, Instituto Tecnológico GeoMinero de España and National Naturhistorisch Museum, p. 491-521.
99. Vdovenko, M.V. 1954. Some new foraminiferal species from the lower Visean deposits of the Donets Basin. Kiivs'kiy Derzhavniy Universitet, Geologichniy Zbirnik, no. 5, p. 63-76 (in Ukrainian).
100. Vdovenko, M.V. 1971. New species and forms of the genus Eoparastaffella. Izdatel'stvo L'vovskogo Universiteta, Paleontologicheskiy Sbornik no. 7, vyp. 2, p. 6-12 (in Russian with English summary).
101. Vissarionova, A.I. 1948. Primitive fusulinids from the Lower Carboniferous of the European part of the USSR. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Nauk, Geologicheskaya Seriya (No. 19), vyp. 62, p. 216-226 (in Russian).
102. Webster, G.D., C.G. Maples, R. Mawson and M. Dastanpour 2003. A cladid dominated Early Mississippian crinoid and conodont fauna from Kerman Province, Iran and revision of the Glossocrinids and Rhenocrinids. The Paleontological Society Memoir, v. 60, p. 1-36, Supplement to Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 3.
103. Webster, G.D., C.G. Maples and M. Yazdi 2007. Late Devonian and Early Mississippian echinoderms from central and northern Iran. Journal of Paleontology, v. 81, p. 1101-1113.
104. Weller, S. 1905. Paraphorhynchus, a new genus of Kinderhookian Brachiopoda. Academy of Sciences of St. Louis, Transactions, v. 15, p. 259-264.
105. Wendt, J., B. Kaufmann, Z. Belka, N. Farsan and A. Karimi Bavandpur 2005. Devonian/Lower Carboniferous stratigraphy, facies patterns and palaeogeography of Iran, Part II. Northern and Central Iran. Acta Geologica Polonica, v. 55, no. 1, p. 31-97.
106. Wensink, H., J.D.A. Zijderveld and J.C. Varekamp 1978. Paleomagnetism and ore mineralogy of some basalts of the Geirud formation of Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous age from southern Alborz, Iran. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 41, p. 441-450.
107. Weyer, D. 1968. Koninckopora Lee 1912 (Dasycladaceae) aus dem Untercarbon der Insel Riigen. Geologie, v. 17, no. 2, p. 176-190.
108. Williams, A., S.J. Carlson, H.C. Brunton et al. 2002. Rhynconelliformea. In R.L. Kaesler (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology Part H, Brachiopoda revised, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas, v. 4, p. 921-1688.
109. Wood, A. 1942. The algal nature of the genus Koninckopora Lee and its occurrence in Canada and Western Europe. Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, v. 98, no. 3-4, p. 205-222.
110. Work, D.M. 2008. Secretary/Editor's report 2007-2008. Newsletter on Carboniferous Stratigraphy, p. 4.