Changes in chemical and physical of pine tree substrate and bark during long-term nursery production

HortScience

Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 791-799

  Jackson, Brian E J ^a   Wright, Robert D ^a   Seiler, John R ^a  

^a VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

CO2 Efflux; Container substrate; Loblolly pine; Pine chips; Pinus taeda L; Potting media; Wood fiber

Indexed keywords

COTONEASTER HORIZONTALIS; PINUS TAEDA;

EID: 67650796842     PISSN: 00185345     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.21273/hortsci.44.3.791     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Aaron, J.R. 1982. Conifer bark: Its properties and uses. Forest Commun. Forest Rec. 110.
2. Aaron, J.R. 1982. Conifer bark: Its properties and uses. Forest Commun. Forest Rec. 110. Allaire-Leung, S.E., J. Caron, and L.E. Parent. 1999. Changes in physical properties of peat substrates during plant growth. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79:137-139.
3. Allison, F.E. 1965. Decomposition of wood and bark sawdusts in soil, nitrogen requirements, and effects on plants. US Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. No. 1332.
4. Bilderback, T.E. and M.R. Lorscheider. 1995. Physical properties of double-processed pine bark: Effects on rooting. Acta Hort. 401:77-83.
5. Bilderback, T.E., S.L. Warren, J.S. Owen, Jr., and J.P. Albano. 2005. Healthy substrates need physicals too! HortTechnology 15:747-751.
6. Blagodatsky, S.A., O. Heinemeyer, and J. Richter. 2000. Estimating the active and total soil microbial biomass by kinetic respiration analysis. Biol. Fertil. Soils 32:73-81.
7. Bodman, K. and K.V. Sharman. 1993. Container media management. Queensland DPI, Queensland Nursery Industry Association, Brisbane, Australia.
8. Bohne, H. 2004. Growth of nursery crops in peatreduced and in peat-free substrates. Acta Hort. 644:103-106.
9. Bohne, H. and C. Gunther. 1997. Physical properties of peat determined with different methods. Acta Hort. 450:271-276.
10. Bollen, W.B. and D.W. Glennie. 1961. Sawdust, bark, and other wood wastes for soil conditioning and mulching. Forest Prod. J. 11:38-46.
11. Boyer, C.R. 2008. Evaluation of clean chip residual as an alternative substrate for container-grown plants, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL. PhD Diss.
12. Boyer, C.R., G.B. Fain, C.H. Gilliam, T.V. Gallagher, H.A. Torbert, and J.L. Sibley. 2008. Clean chip residual: A substrate component for growing annuals. HortTechnology 18:423-432.
13. Broschat, T.K. 1995. Nitrate, phosphate, and potassium leaching from container-grown plants fertilized by several methods. HortScience 30:74-77.
14. Brown, O.D.R. and E.R. Emino. 1981. Response of container-grown plants to six consumer growing media. HortScience 16:78-80.
15. Bruckner, U. 1997. Physical properties of different potting media and substrate mixtures-especially air-and water capacity. Acta Hort. 450:263-270.
16. Bugbee, G.J. and G.C. Elliott. 1998. Leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus from potting media containing biosolids compost as affected by organic and clay amendments. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 60:716-723.
17. Bures, S., F.A. Pokorny, D.P. Landau, M.A. Farmer, and A.M. Ferrenberg. 1993. Shrinkage, porosity characterization, and computer simulation of horticultural substrates. Acta Hort. 342:229-234.
18. Casadesus, J., R. Caceres, and O. Marfa. 2007. Dynamics of CO2 efflux from the substrate root system of container-grown plants associated with irrigation cycles. Plant Soil 300:71-82.
19. Davet, P. 2004. Microbial ecology of the soil and plant growth. Scientific Publishing, Enfield, NH.
20. Davet, P. 2004. Microbial ecology of the soil and plant growth. Scientific Publishing, Enfield, NH. Ding, W., Y. Cai, Z. Cai, K. Yagi, and X. Zheng. 2007. Soil respiration under maize crops: Effect of water, temperature, and nitrogen fertilization. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 71:944-951.
21. Drzal, M.S., W.C. Fonteno, and K.D. Cassel. 1999. Pore fraction analysis: A new tool for substrate testing. Acta Hort. 481:43-54.
22. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. National primary drinking water regulations. 15 Sept. 2008. http://www.epa.gov/safewater/dwh/c-ioc/nitrates. html.
23. Fain, G.B., C.H. Gilliam, J.L. Sibley, and C.R. Boyer. 2008a. Wholetree substrates derived from three species of pine in production of annual vinca. HortTechnology 18:13-17.
24. Fain, G.B., C.H. Gilliam, J.L. Sibley, C.R. Boyer, and A.L. Walker. 2008b. Wholetree substrate and fertilizer rate in production of greenhousegrown petunia (Petunia • hybrida Vilm.) and marigold (Tagetes patula L.). HortScience 43:700-705.
25. Fischer, P., E. Meinken, and F. Kalthoff. 1993. Holzfaserstoffe im test. (Woodfibre in test). Gärtnerbörse Gartenwelt 26:1220-1222.
26. Fischer, P., E. Meinken, and F. Kalthoff. 1993. Holzfaserstoffe im test. (Woodfibre in test). Gärtnerbörse Gartenwelt 26:1220-1222. Fog, K. 1988. The effect of added nitrogen on the rate of decomposition or organic matter. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 63:433-462.
27. Fonteno, W.C., C.T. Hardin, and J.P. Brewster. 1995. Procedures for determining physical properties of horticultural substrates using the NCSU Porometer. Horticultural Substrates Laboratory. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
28. Gagnon, B. and R.R. Simard. 1999. Nitrogen and phosphorus release from on-farm and industrial composts. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79:481-489.
29. Gough, C.M. and J.R. Seiler. 2004. Belowground carbon dynamics in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) immediately following diammonium phosphate fertilization. Tree Physiol. 24:845-851.
30. Handreck, K.A. 1992a. Rapid assessment of the rate of nitrogen immobilization in organic components of potting media. I. Method development. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 23:201-215.
31. Handreck, K.A. 1992b. Rapid assessment of the rate of nitrogen immobilization in organic components of potting media. II. Nitrogen drawdown index and plant growth. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 23:217-230.
32. Handreck, K.A. 1996. Phosphorus immobilization in wood waste-based potting media. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 27:2295-2314.
33. Hart, M.R., B.F. Quin, and M.L. Nguyen. 2004. Phosphorus runoff from agricultural land and direct fertilizer effects: A review. J. Environ. Qual. 33:1954-1972.
34. Hoitink, H.A. and H.A. Poole. 1979. Mass production of composted tree barks for container media. Ohio Flor. Assn. Bull. 599:3-4.
35. Jackson, B.E. 2008. Chemical, physical, and biological factors influencing nutrient availability and plant growth in a pine tree substrate. Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA. PhD Diss.
36. Jackson, B.E. and R.D. Wright. 2007. Pine tree substrate: Fertility requirements. Proc. Southern Nursery Assoc. Research Conf. 52:58-61.
37. Jackson, B.E. and R.D. Wright. 2009. Pine tree substrate: An alternative and renewable growing media for horticulture crop production. Acta Hort. 819:265-272.
38. Jackson, B.E., R.D. Wright, and M.M. Alley. 2009. Comparison of fertilizer nitrogen availability, nitrogen immobilization, substrate carbon dioxide efflux, and nutrient leaching in peat-lite, pine bark, and pine tree substrates. HortScience. 44:781-790.
39. Jackson, B.E., R.D. Wright, J.F. Browder, J.R. Harris, and A.X. Niemiera. 2008a. Effect of fertilizer rate on growth of azalea and holly in pine bark and pine tree substrates. HortScience 43:1561-1568.
40. Jackson, B.E., R.D. Wright, and M.C. Barnes. 2008b. Pine tree substrate, nitrogen rate, particle size, and peat amendment affects poinsettia growth and substrate physical properties. HortScience 43:2155-2161.
41. Kenna, S.W. and C.E. Whitcomb. 1985. Hardwood chips as an alternative medium for container plant production. HortScience 20:867-869.
42. Laiche, A.J., Jr. and V.E. Nash. 1986. Evaluation of pine bark, pine bark with wood, and pine tree chips as components of a container plant growing media. J. Environ. Hort. 4:22-25.
43. Lemaire, F. 1995. Physical, chemical, and biological properties of growing medium. Acta Hort. 396:273-284.
44. Lemaire, F., A. Dartigues, and L.M. Riviere. 1989. Physical and chemical characteristics of lignocellulosic material. Acta Hort. 238:9-15.
45. LiCor. 1997. 6400-6409 Soil CO2 flux chamber instruction manual. LiCor, Lincoln, NE.
46. Meinken, E. and P. Fischer. 1997. Sackungsverhalten von Holzfasern. Gärtnerbörse 9:494-496.
47. Nash, M.A. and F.A. Pokorny. 1990. Shrinkage of selected two-component container media. HortScience 25:930-931.
48. Nash, V.E. and A.J. Laiche. 1981. Changes in the characteristics of potting media with time. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 12:1011-1020.
49. Needelman, B.A., M.M. Wander, and G.S. Shi. 2001. Organic carbon extraction efficiency in chloroform fumigated and non-fumigated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 65:1731-1733.
50. Prasad, M. and D.N. Chualain. 2005. Relationship between particle size and air space of growing media. Acta Hort. 648:161-166.
51. Qui, S., A.J. McComb, and R.W. Bell. 2008. Ratios of C, N, and P in soil water direct microbialimmobilization-mineralization and N availability in nutrient amended sandy soils in southwestern Australia. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 127:93-99.
52. Richards, D., M. Lane, and D.V. Beardsell. 1986. The influence of particle-size distribution in pinebark:sand:brown coal potting mixes on water supply, aeration, and plant growth. Scientia Hort. 29:1-14.
53. Riviere, L.M. and C.Milhau. 1983. The use of wood waste composts in the making of substrates for container crops. Acta Hort. 150:475-489.
54. Saunders, T., J.F. Browder, B.E. Jackson, and R.D. Wright. 2006. Particle size of a pine chips substrate affects plant growth. Proc. Southern Nursery Assoc. Research Conf. 51:46-48.
55. Saunders, T.N., R.D. Wright, and J.F. Browder. 2005. Chipped pine logs: A potential substrate for nursery and greenhouse crops. Proc. Southern Nursery Assn. Res. Conf. 50:112-114.
56. Sharman, K.V. and K. Bodman. 1991. Wood wastes affect fertilizer performance. Aust. Hort. 89:30-32.
57. Steinweg, J.M., A.F. Plante, R.T. Conant, E.A. Paul, and D.L. Tanaka. 2008. Patterns of substrate utilization during long-term incubations at different temperatures. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40:2722-2728.
58. Thirukkumaran, C.M. and D. Parkinson. 2000. Microbial respiration, biomass, metabolic quotient and litter decomposition in a lodgepole pine forest amended with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32:59-66.
59. Turner, C.P. and W.R. Carlile. 1983. Microbial activity in blocking composts. 1. Measurement of CO2 evolution and O2 consumption. Acta Hort. 150:75-81.
60. Wang, W.J., R.C. Dalal, P.W. Moody, and C.J. Smith. 2003. Relationships of soil respiration to microbial biomass, substrate availability and clay content. Soil Biol. Biochem. 35:273-284.
61. Wang, W.J., R.C. Dalal, P.W. Moody, and C.J. Smith. 2003. Relationships of soil respiration to microbial biomass, substrate availability and clay content. Soil Biol. Biochem. 35:273-284. Wang, W.J., Y.G. Zu, H.M. Wang, T. Hirano, K. Takagi, K. Sasa, and T. Koike. 2005. Effect of collar insertion on soil respiration in a larch forest measured with a LI-6400 soil CO2 flux system. J. For. Res. 10:57-60.
62. Wright, R.D. 1986. The pour-through nutrient extraction method procedure. HortScience 21:227-229.
63. Wright, R.D. and J.F. Browder. 2005. Chipped pine logs: A potential substrate for greenhouse and nursery crops. HortScience 40:1513-1515.
64. Wright, R.D. and J.F. Browder. 2005. Chipped pine logs: A potential substrate for greenhouse and nursery crops. HortScience 40:1513-1515. Wright, R.D., J.F. Browder, and B.E. Jackson. 2006. Ground pine chips as a substrate for container-grown woody nursery crops. J. Environ. Hort. 24:181-184.
65. Wright, R.D., B.E. Jackson, J.F. Browder, and J.G. Latimer. 2008a. Growth of chrysanthemum in ground pine trees requires additional fertilizer. HortTechnology 18:111-115.
66. Wright, R.D., B.E. Jackson, and M.C. Barnes. 2008b. Pine tree substrate construction for optimal water holding capacity and air space. Proc. Southern Nursery Assoc. Research Conf. 53:52-54.
67. Yeager, T.H., D.C. Fare, J. Lea-Cox, J. Ruter, T.E. Bilderback, C.H. Gilliam, A.X. Niemiera, S.L. Warren, T.E. Whitwell, R.D. Wright, and K.M. Tilt. 2007. Best management practices: Guide for producing container-grown plants. 2nd Ed. Southern Nurserymen's Assoc., Marietta, GA.
68. Yeager, T.H. and R.D. Wright. 1982. Phosphorus requirement of Ilex crenata Thumb. Cv. Helleri grown in a pine bark medium. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107:558-562.
69. Yeager, T.H., R.D. Wright, D. Fare, C.H. Gilliam, J.R. Johnson, T.E. Bilderback, and R. Zondag. 1993. Six state survey of container nursery nitrate nitrogen runoff. J. Environ. Hort. 11:206-208.