Exceptional mixing events in meromictic Lake Lugano (Switzerland/Italy), studied using environmental tracers

Limnology and Oceanography

Volumn 54, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 1113-1124

  Holzner, C P ^a,b   Aeschbach Hertig, W ^c   Simona, M ^d   Veronesi, M ^d   Imboden, D M ^b   Kipfer, R ^a,b  

^a SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^b ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND ARTS OF SOUTHERN SWITZERLAND   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); EUTROPHICATION; GAS EXCHANGE; HELIUM ISOTOPE; MEROMICTIC LAKE; MINERALIZATION; TIME SERIES; TRACER; WATER COLUMN;

EURASIA; EUROPE; LAKE LUGANO;

EID: 67650792438     PISSN: 00243590     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4319/lo.2009.54.4.1113     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. AESCHBACH-HERTIG, W., C. P. HOLZNER, M. HOFER, M. SIMONA, A. BARBIERI, AND R. KIPFER. 2007. A time series of environmental tracer data from deep meromictic Lake Lugano, Switzerland. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52: 257-273.
2. BALLENTINE, C. J., AND P. G. BURNARD. 2002. Production, release and transport of noble gases in the continental crust. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 47: 481-538.
3. BARBIERI, A., AND R. MOSELLO. 1992. Chemistry and trophic evolution of Lake Lugano in relation to nutrient budget. Aquat. Sci. 54: 219-237, doi: 10.1007/BF00878138.
4. -, AND B. POLLI. 1992. Description of Lake Lugano. Aquat. Sci. 54: 181-183, doi: 10.1007/BF00878135.
5. -, AND M. SIMONA. 2001. Trophic evolution of Lake Lugano related to external load reduction: Changes in phosphorus and nitrogen as well as oxygen balance and biological parameters. Lakes Reserv. Res. Manage. 6: 37-47, doi:10.1046/j.1440-1770.2001.00120.x.
6. BEYERLE, U., W. AESCHBACH-HERTIG, D. M. IMBODEN, H. BAUR, T. GRAF, AND R. KIPFER. 2000. A mass spectrometric system for the analysis of noble gases and tritium from water samples. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34: 2042-2050, doi:10.1021/es990840h.
7. BOEHRER, B., AND M. SCHULTZE. 2008. Stratification of lakes. Rev. Geophys. 46: RG2005, doi:10.1029/ 2006RG000210.
8. BRENNWALD, M. S. 2004. The use of noble gases in lake sediment pore water as environmental tracers. Ph.D. thesis. ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.
9. BÜHRER, H., AND H. AMBÜHL. 1975. Die Einleitung von gereinigtem Abwasser in Seen. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. 37: 347-369.
10. BULLISTER, J. L., D. P. WLSEGARVER, AND F. A. MENZIA, 2002. The solubility of sulfur hexafluoride in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Res. I 49: 175-187, doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(01) 00051-6.
11. CHEN, C. T., AND F. J. MILLERO. 1986. Precise thermodynamic properties for natural waters covering only the limnological range. Limnol. Oceanogr. 31: 657-662.
12. CIPAIS (COMMISSIONE INTERNAZIONALE PER LA PROTEZIONE DELLE ACQUE ITALO-SVIZZERE). 2005. Stato limnologico del Lago di Lugano: Circolazione invernale 2004-2005. Bolletino dei Laghi Maggiore e Lugano no. 6.
13. -. 2006. Stato limnologico del Lago di Lugano: Circolazione invernale 2005-2006.Bolletino dei Laghi Maggiore e Lugano no. 7.
14. 3He. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 27: 515-522.
15. DZAMBAS, Z., AND M. ULRICH, 1994. MASAS library files for Swiss lakes. Technical report, Eawag/ETH.
16. FINDENEGG, I. 1935. Limnologische Untersuchungen im Kärntner Seengebiete. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Stoffhaushaltes in Alpenseen. Int. Rev. d. ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 32: 369-423.
17. HOFER, M., AND OTHERS. 2002. Rapid deep-water renewal in Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan) indicated by transient tracers. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47: 1210-1216.
18. IDSO, S. B. 1973. On the concept of lake stability Limnol. Oceanogr. 18: 681-683.
19. JELLISON, R., J. ROMERO, AND J. M. MELACK, 1998. The onset of meromixis during restoration of Mono Lake, California: Unintended consequences of reducing water diversions. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43: 706-711.
20. KIPFER, R., W. AESCHBACH-HERTIG, F. PEETERS, AND M. STUTE. 2002. Noble gases in lakes and ground waters. Rev. Mineral. Geochem. 47: 615-700.
21. LIVINGSTONE, D. M. 1997. An example of the simultaneous occurrence of climate-driven "sawtooth" deep-water warming/cooling episodes in several Swiss lakes. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 26: 822-828.
22. -, AND D. M. IMBODEN. 1993. The non-linear influence of wind-speed variability on gas transfer in lakes. Tellus 45B: 275-295.
23. LSA (LABORATORIO STUDI AMBIENTALI). 1981-2000. Ricerche sull' evoluzione del Lago di Lugano; aspetti limnologici.Campagne annuali 1980-1999. Technical report, Comissione Internazionale per la Protezione delle Acque Italo-Svizzere.
24. 6: Trends, sources, and prospects. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32: 3077-3086.
25. MAMYRIN, B. A., AND I. N. TOLSTIKHIN. 1984. Helium isotopes in nature. Developments in geochemistry, 1st ed. Elsevier.
26. OZONE SECRETARIAT. 2000. The Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
27. REICHERT, P. 1994. Aquasim - a tool for simulation and data analysis of aquatic systems. Wat. Sci. Technol. 30: 21-30.
28. RODRIGO, M. A., M. R. MIRACLE, AND E. VICENTE. 2001. The meromictic Lake La Cruz (Central Spain). Patterns of stratification. Aquat. Sci. 63: 406-416.
29. SCHMIDT, W. 1928. Uber die Temperatur- und Stabilitatsverhaltnisse von Seen. Geogr. Ann. 10: 145-177.
30. SCHWARZENBACH, R. P., P. M. GSCHWEND, AND D. M. I.MBODEN. 2003. Environmental organic chemistry, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons.
31. STEVENS, C. L., AND G. A. LAWRENCE. 1998. Stability and meromixis in a water-filled mine pit. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43: 946-954.
32. TORGERSEN, T., Z. TOP, W. B. CLARKE, W. J. JENKINS, AND W. S. BROECKER. 1977. A new method for physical limnology - tritium-helium-3 ages-results for Lakes Erie, Huron and Ontario. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22: 181-193.
33. UPDA (UFFICIO PROTEZIONE E DEPURAZIONE ACQUE). 2006. Ricerche sulF evoluzione del Lago di Lugano; aspetti limnologici. Programma quinquennale 2003-2007. Campagna 2004 e 2005. Technical report, Comissione Internazionale pella Protezione delle Acque Italo-Svizzere [ed.].
34. VOLLMER, M. K., R. F. WEISS, P. SCHLOSSER, AND R. T. WILLIAMS. 2002. Deep-water renewal in Lake Issyk-Kul. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29: 124/1-124/4, doi:10.1029/2002GL014763.
35. WALKER, S. J., R. F. WEISS, AND P. K. SALAMEH. 2000. Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC113, and carbon tetrachloride. J. Geophys. Res. 105: 14285-1.4296.
36. WANNINKHOF, R. 1992. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 97: 7373-7382.
37. WARNER, M. J., AND R. F. WEISS. 1985. Solubilities of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and seawater. Deep-Sea Res. 32: 1485-1497, doi: 10.1016/0198-0149(85)90099-8.
38. WEISS, R. F. 1971. Solubility of helium and neon in water and seawater. J. Chem. Eng. Data 16: 235-241.
39. WÜEST, A., W. AESCHBACH-HERTIG, H. BAUR, M. HOFER, R. KIPFER, AND M. SCHURTER, 1992. Density structure and tritium-helium age of deep hypolimnetic water in the northern basin of Lake Lugano. Aquat. Sci. 54: 205-218, doi:10.1007/BF00878137.