Sagging of the cheek is related to skin elasticity, fat mass and mimetic muscle function

Skin Research and Technology

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 299-305

  Ezure, Tomonobu ^a   Hosoi, J ^a   Amano, S ^a   Tsuchiya, T ^a  

^a SHISEIDO RESEARCH CENTER   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cheek; Elasticity; Facial muscle; Fat; Sagging; Skin

Indexed keywords

BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; BODY FATS; CHEEK; FACIAL MUSCLE; FACIAL MUSCLES; FAT; FAT CONTENTS; FAT MASS; MUSCLE FUNCTION; OCCLUSAL FORCES; SAGGING; SEALING FORCE; SEALING PRESSURE; SKIN ELASTICITY;

ELASTICITY; PHOTOGRAPHY; SKIN;

MUSCLE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY FAT; CHEEK; FACE MUSCLE; FACIAL SAGGING; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; JAPANESE; MASS; MASTICATORY MUSCLE; MUSCLE FUNCTION; SCORING SYSTEM; SKIN ELASTICITY; SKIN STRUCTURE;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGING; BIOMIMETICS; CHEEK; ELASTIC MODULUS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; ORGAN SIZE; SKIN; SKIN AGING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 67650766960     PISSN: 0909752X     EISSN: 16000846     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00364.x     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Friedman PM, Skover GR, Payonk G, Kauvar AN, Geronemus RG. 3D in-vivo optical skin imaging for topographical quantitative assessment of non-ablative laser technology. Dermatol Surg 2002; 28: 199-204.
2. Fisher GL. The pathophysiology of photoaging of the skin. Cutis 2005; 2: 5-8.
3. Tukahara K, Takema Y, Fujimura S, Moriwaki S, Kitahara T, Imokawa G. Determination of age-related change in the morphological structure (sagging) of the human cheek using a photonumeric scale and three-dimensional surface parameters. Int J Cosmet Sci 2000; 22: 247-258.
4. Setaro M, Abella ML, Sparavigna A et al. Ptosis of submental skin. Skin Res Technol 2004; 10: 251-256.
5. Owsley JQ. Anatomy of the head and neck for aesthetic surgery. In: Owsley JQ, eds. Aesthetic facial surgery. California: W.B. Saunders Ltd, 1994: 7-24.
6. Gosain AK, Klein MH, Sudhakar PV, Prost RW. A volumetric analysis of soft-tissue changes in the aging midface using high-resolution MRI: implications for facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 115: 1143-1152.
7. Deleixhe MF, Piérard FC, Rorive G, Piérard G. Influence of chronic haemodialysis on the mechanical properties of skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994; 19: 130-133.
8. Satoh M, Mori S, Mojiri H. Age-associated changes in the amount of subcutaneous tissue in the face evaluated in the ultrasonic B mode. J Soc Cosmet Chem Jpn 2004; 38: 292-298.
9. Houtkooper LB, Lohman TG, Going SB, Howell WH. Why bioelectrical impedance analysis should be used for estimating adiposity. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 64: 436S-448S.
10. Hoshino K, Miura H, Morikawa O, Kato H, Okada D, Shinki T. Influence of occlusal height for an implant prosthesis on the periodontal tissues of the antagonist. J Med Dent Sci 2004; 51: 187-196.
11. Umemori M, Sugawara J, Kawauchi M, Mitani H. A pressure-distribution sensor (PDS) for evaluation of lip functions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996; 109: 473-480.
12. Tsukahara K, Sugata K, Osanai O, Ohuchi A, Miyauchi Y, Takizawa M, Hotta M, Kitahara T. Comparison of age-related changes in facial wrinkles and sagging in the skin of Japanese, Chinese and Thai women. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 47: 19-28.
13. Fujimura T, Haketa K, Hotta M, Kitahara T. Loss of skin elasticity precedes to rapid increase of wrinkle levels. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 47: 233-239.
14. Ahn S, Kim S, Lee H, Moon S, Chang I. Correlation between a Cutometer and quantitative evaluation using moire topography in age-related skin elasticity. Skin Res Technol 2007; 13: 280-284.
15. Ezure T, Amano S. Adiponectin and leptin up-regulate extracellular matrix production by dermal fibroblasts. BioFactors 2007; 31: 229-236.
16. Degawa-Yamauchi M, Moss KA, Bovenkerk JE, Shankar SS, Morrison CL, Lelliott CJ, Vidal-Puig A, Jones R, Considine RV. Regulation of adiponectin expression in human adipocytes: Effects of adiposity, glucocorticoids, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Obes Res 2005; 13: 662-669.
17. Kourakata I, Hara T. Simultaneous contraction mechanics and coordination of perioral muscles. Trans Jpn Soc Mech Eng C 2003; 69: 1366-1373.
18. Wohlert AB, Goffman L. Human perioral muscle activation patterns. J Speech Hear Res 1994; 37: 1032-1040.
19. Moriarty KC. Contraindication and complications. In: Moriarty KC, ed. Botulinum toxin in facial rejuvenation. Oxford: Elsevier Publishers Ltd, 2004: 47-62.
20. Grimby G, Saltin B. The ageing muscle. Clin Physiol 1983; 3: 209-218.
21. Stålberg E, Borges O, Ericsson M, Essén-Gustavsson B, Fawcett PR, NordesjöLO, Nordgren B, Uhlin R. The quadriceps femoris muscle in 20-70 year old subjects: Relation ship between knee extension torque, electrophysiological parameters and muscle fiber characteristics. Muscle Nerve 1989; 12: 382-389.
22. Thomason DB, Booth EW. Atrophy of the soleus muscle by hindlim unweighting. J Appl Physiol 1990; 68: 1-12.
23. Brooks SV, Faulkner JA. Skeletal muscle weakness in old age-underlying mechanisms. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26: 432-439.
24. Abe Y, Inamura H, Kousyuu H. Effects of aging on facial nerve and facial mimetic muscles-investigation of facial wrinkles and CMAPS. Facial Nerve Res 2005; 25: 39-41.
25. Wohlert AB, Smith A. Spatiotemporal stability of lip movements in older adult speakers. J Speech Lang Hear Res 1998; 41: 41-50.