메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 103-135

Aerial oxidation of coal-analytical methods, instrumental techniques and test methods: A survey

Author keywords

Coal oxidation; CPT; FTIR; NMR; PyMs; Weathering; XPS

Indexed keywords


EID: 67650763314     PISSN: 0971457X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (453)
  • 1
    • 67650750385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIS Standard IS :1350 (Part 1)-1984. Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part 1 Proximate Analysis. IS: 1350 (Part I)-1984 (Reaffirmed 2001) Ed 3.1 (1992-08) BIS 2003, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110002.
    • BIS Standard IS :1350 (Part 1)-1984. Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part 1 Proximate Analysis. IS: 1350 (Part I)-1984 (Reaffirmed 2001) Ed 3.1 (1992-08) BIS 2003, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110002.
  • 2
    • 67650772708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 3172-07 Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
    • ASTM Standard D 3172-07 Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke.
  • 3
    • 67650773642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 3173-03 Standard Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
    • ASTM Standard D 3173-03 Standard Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke.
  • 4
    • 67650774589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 3174-04 Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
    • ASTM Standard D 3174-04 Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal.
  • 5
    • 67650782908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 3175-07 Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
    • ASTM Standard D 3175-07 Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke.
  • 6
    • 67650782907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 5142-04 Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke by Instrumental Procedures
    • ASTM Standard D 5142-04 Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke by Instrumental Procedures.
  • 7
    • 67650772706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 1412-04 Standard Test Method for Equilibrium Moisture of Coal at 96 to 97 Percent Relative Humidity and 30°C.
    • ASTM Standard D 1412-04 Standard Test Method for Equilibrium Moisture of Coal at 96 to 97 Percent Relative Humidity and 30°C.
  • 17
    • 0040981732 scopus 로고
    • Banff, Alberta, Canada, Sept 12-17
    • th Int Conf Coal Sci, Vol 2, Banff, Alberta, Canada, Sept 12-17, 1993 363.
    • (1993) th Int Conf Coal Sci , vol.2 , pp. 363
    • Beier, E.1
  • 27
    • 0344445803 scopus 로고
    • Chandra D, Fuel, 41 (1962) 185.
    • (1962) Fuel , vol.41 , pp. 185
    • Chandra, D.1
  • 28
    • 67650782691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 5865-04 Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
    • ASTM Standard D 5865-04 Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke.
  • 29
    • 67650748537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIS Standard IS 1350: (part II) 1970 (Reaffirmed 2000) Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part II Determination of Calorific Value (First Revision) Seventh Reprint June 1997, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi .110 002.
    • BIS Standard IS 1350: (part II) 1970 (Reaffirmed 2000) Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part II Determination of Calorific Value (First Revision) Seventh Reprint June 1997, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi .110 002.
  • 31
    • 0020781989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LiottaR, Brons G & Isaacs J, Fuel, 62 (1983) 781.
    • LiottaR, Brons G & Isaacs J, Fuel, 62 (1983) 781.
  • 33
    • 67650774588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIS Standard IS: 1350 (PartlV/Section 1)-1974 (Reaffirmed 2001) Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part IV Ultimate Analysis, Section 1 (Determination of Carbon and Hydrogen) First Revision Third Reprint December 1995, (Reaffirmed 2000), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
    • BIS Standard IS: 1350 (PartlV/Section 1)-1974 (Reaffirmed 2001) Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part IV Ultimate Analysis, Section 1 (Determination of Carbon and Hydrogen) First Revision Third Reprint December 1995, (Reaffirmed 2000), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
  • 34
    • 67650779806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIS Standard IS: 1350 (PartlV/Section I)-1975 (Reaffirmed 2000) Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part IV Ultimate Analysis, Section 2 (Determination of Nitrogen) First Revision December 1995, (Reaffirmed 2000), Ed 2.2(2002-09) Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
    • BIS Standard IS: 1350 (PartlV/Section I)-1975 (Reaffirmed 2000) Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part IV Ultimate Analysis, Section 2 (Determination of Nitrogen) First Revision December 1995, (Reaffirmed 2000), Ed 2.2(2002-09) Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
  • 35
    • 67650782476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IS:1350 (Part I)-1984 (Reaffirmed 2001). Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part III Determination of Sulphur (First Revision) Seventh Reprint October 1998, IS 1350 (part III) 1969 (Reaffirmed 2000), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
    • IS:1350 (Part I)-1984 (Reaffirmed 2001). Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part III Determination of Sulphur (First Revision) Seventh Reprint October 1998, IS 1350 (part III) 1969 (Reaffirmed 2000), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
  • 36
    • 67650769092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIS Standard IS 1350 (Part III) 1969 (Reaffirmed 2000). Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part III Determination of Sulphur (First Revision) Seventh Reprint October 1998, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
    • BIS Standard IS 1350 (Part III) 1969 (Reaffirmed 2000). Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal and Coke, Part III Determination of Sulphur (First Revision) Seventh Reprint October 1998, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
  • 37
    • 67650769090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIS Standard IS 15438-2004. Indian Standard, Coal-Determination of Forms of Sulphur BIS 2004 Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
    • BIS Standard IS 15438-2004. Indian Standard, Coal-Determination of Forms of Sulphur BIS 2004 Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
  • 38
    • 67650748539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 3176 - 89 (Reapproved 2002) Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke. ASTM Standard D 3178 - 89 (Reapproved 2002) Standard Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke.
    • ASTM Standard D 3176 - 89 (Reapproved 2002) Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke. ASTM Standard D 3178 - 89 (Reapproved 2002) Standard Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke.
  • 39
    • 67650738362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 5373 - 02 (Reapproved 2007) Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal and Coke.
    • ASTM Standard D 5373 - 02 (Reapproved 2007) Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal and Coke.
  • 40
    • 67650769091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 3177-02 Standard Test Methods for Total Sulphur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Designation: D 3177 - 02 (Reapproved 2007).
    • ASTM Standard D 3177-02 Standard Test Methods for Total Sulphur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Designation: D 3177 - 02 (Reapproved 2007).
  • 41
    • 67650782690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test Method for Sulfur in Ash from Coal, Coke, and Residues from Coal Combustion Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption
    • ASTM Standard D 5016-03 Standard
    • ASTM Standard D 5016-03 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Ash from Coal, Coke, and Residues from Coal Combustion Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Method with Infrared Absorption.
  • 42
    • 33746529475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test Methods for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Methods
    • ASTM Standard D 4239-05
    • ASTM Standard D 4239-05 Test Methods for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion Methods.
  • 43
    • 30044434562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • l Standard Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
    • ASTM Standard D 3179-02e
    • ASTM Standard D 3179-02el Standard Test Methods for Nitrogen in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke.
  • 44
    • 67650750384 scopus 로고
    • Methods for Analysis and Testing for Coal and Coke
    • British Standards Institute
    • British Standards Institute, Methods for Analysis and Testing for Coal and Coke, Part 16, Methods for reporting Results, 1981.
    • (1981) Methods for reporting Results , Issue.PART 16
  • 45
    • 67650782906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determintion of C & H by Libeg Method
    • ISO 625
    • ISO 625, 2003, Determintion of C & H by Libeg Method.
    • (2003)
  • 46
    • 0004062222 scopus 로고
    • Edited by H H Lowry Wiley New York, 219
    • Ode W H, in Chemistry of Coal Utilisation, Suppl Vol, Edited by H H Lowry (Wiley New York), 1963, 219.
    • (1963) Chemistry of Coal Utilisation
    • Ode, W.H.1
  • 48
    • 83655206532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problems and Solutions in the Use of Coal Analysis
    • Technical Report No. 1 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
    • Given P H & Yarzab R F, Problems and Solutions in the Use of Coal Analysis, Technical Report No. 1 (Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA).
    • Given, P.H.1    Yarzab, R.F.2
  • 49
    • 0012822765 scopus 로고
    • Given P H,Fuel, 55(1976)256.
    • (1976) H,Fuel , vol.55 , pp. 256
    • Given, P.1
  • 59
    • 67650777593 scopus 로고
    • ISO, International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland
    • ISO 1994 Hard Coal, Determinaion of Oxygen Content. International Organisation for Standardisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
    • (1994) Hard Coal, Determinaion of Oxygen Content
  • 61
    • 67650777592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • nd suppl Chap 7, Edited by M A Elliot (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ), 1981.
    • nd suppl Vol, Chap 7, Edited by M A Elliot (Wiley, Hoboken, NJ), 1981.
  • 74
    • 0018291553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hamrin (Jr) C E, Johannes A H, James W D, Sun G H & Ehmann W D, Fuel, 58 (1979) 48.
    • Hamrin (Jr) C E, Johannes A H, James W D, Sun G H & Ehmann W D, Fuel, 58 (1979) 48.
  • 75
    • 67650777590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volbroth A, In Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products 3, Ijdited by C Karr (Jr) (Academic Press, New York), 1979,303.
    • Volbroth A, In Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products Vol 3, Ijdited by C Karr (Jr) (Academic Press, New York), 1979,303.
  • 78
  • 83
    • 0021654535 scopus 로고
    • Edited by M L Gorbaty, J W Larsen & I Wender Academic Press Inc Orlando
    • Zhou P, Dermer O C & Crynes B L, Coal Science, Vol. 3, Edited by M L Gorbaty, J W Larsen & I Wender (Academic Press Inc Orlando), 1984.
    • (1984) Coal Science , vol.3
    • Zhou, P.1    Dermer, O.C.2    Crynes, B.L.3
  • 102
  • 106
    • 67650773640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wender I, Heredy L A, Neuworth M B & Dryden I G C, In Chemistry of Coal Utilisation, 2nd Suppl Wiley, N York, 1981,473.
    • Wender I, Heredy L A, Neuworth M B & Dryden I G C, In Chemistry of Coal Utilisation, 2nd Suppl Vol. (Wiley, N York), 1981,473.
  • 118
    • 67650749417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mazumdar B K, Bhangale P H & Lahiri A, J Sci lnd Res, 15B (1956) 44 & Fuel, 36 (1957) 307.
    • Mazumdar B K, Bhangale P H & Lahiri A, J Sci lnd Res, 15B (1956) 44 & Fuel, 36 (1957) 307.
  • 125
    • 67650777588 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. Thesis. Technische Hoges-school of Delft, Netherlands
    • Blom L, Analytical Methods in Coal Chemistry, Ph.D. Thesis. Technische Hoges-school of Delft, Netherlands, 1960.
    • (1960) Analytical Methods in Coal Chemistry
    • Blom, L.1
  • 147
    • 0001627272 scopus 로고
    • Determination of Functional Groups in Coal by Fourier Transform Interferometry
    • Edited by J R Ferraro & L J Basille Academic Press Inc, New York
    • Painter P C, Starsinic M E & Coleman M M, Determination of Functional Groups in Coal by Fourier Transform Interferometry, In Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Vol 4, Edited by J R Ferraro & L J Basille (Academic Press Inc, New York), 1985,169.
    • (1985) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy , vol.4 , pp. 169
    • Painter, P.C.1    Starsinic, M.E.2    Coleman, M.M.3
  • 149
    • 0032786052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyrkacz G R & Bloomquist C A A, Energy Fuels, 13 (1999)40.
    • Dyrkacz G R & Bloomquist C A A, Energy Fuels, 13 (1999)40.
  • 160
    • 67650738359 scopus 로고
    • PhD Thesis, Department of Mineral Resource Engineering, University of Nottingham
    • Dimerbilek S, PhD Thesis, Department of Mineral Resource Engineering, University of Nottingham, 1986.
    • (1986)
    • Dimerbilek, S.1
  • 169
    • 67650782467 scopus 로고
    • ME Thesis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
    • Humphreys D R, ME Thesis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 1979, 108.
    • (1979) , pp. 108
    • Humphreys, D.R.1
  • 175
    • 0034455747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RV,N Z
    • Suggate RV,N Z J Geol Geophys, 43 (2000) 521.
    • (2000) J Geol Geophys , vol.43 , pp. 521
    • Suggate1
  • 179
    • 67650772697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • l Standard Test Method for Plastic Properties of Coal by the Constant-Torque Gieseler Plastometer
    • ASTM Standard D 2639-04e
    • ASTM Standard D 2639-04el Standard Test Method for Plastic Properties of Coal by the Constant-Torque Gieseler Plastometer.
  • 180
    • 67650773637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 5515-97 (Reapproved 2004) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Swelling Properties of Bituminous Coal Using a Dilatometer.
    • ASTM Standard D 5515-97 (Reapproved 2004) Standard Test Method for Determination of the Swelling Properties of Bituminous Coal Using a Dilatometer.
  • 181
    • 67650782895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D 720-91 (Reapproved 2004) Standard Test Method for Free-Swelling Index of Coal.
    • ASTM Standard D 720-91 (Reapproved 2004) Standard Test Method for Free-Swelling Index of Coal.
  • 182
    • 67650774581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIS Standard IS 1353 : 1993 (Reaffirmed 2000) Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal Carbonization -Caking Index, Swelling Number & (LT) Gray-King Assay (First Revision) BIS 1993, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
    • BIS Standard IS 1353 : 1993 (Reaffirmed 2000) Indian Standard Methods of Test for Coal Carbonization -Caking Index, Swelling Number & (LT) Gray-King Assay (First Revision) BIS 1993, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi 110 002.
  • 183
    • 67650769081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard: D 2014 - 97 (Reapproved 2004) Standard Test Method for Expansion or Contraction of Coal by the Sole-Heated Oven.
    • ASTM Standard: D 2014 - 97 (Reapproved 2004) Standard Test Method for Expansion or Contraction of Coal by the Sole-Heated Oven.
  • 184
    • 0004316786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test Method for Measuring Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) & Coke Strength (CSR)
    • ASTM Standard D 5341-99 Standard
    • ASTM Standard D 5341-99 Standard Test Method for Measuring Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) & Coke Strength (CSR).
  • 196
    • 67650748527 scopus 로고
    • Iron making Conf Proc
    • ValiaU S, Iron making Conf Proc AIME, 49(1990) 199.
    • (1990) AIME , vol.49 , pp. 199
    • ValiaU, S.1
  • 207
    • 67650781563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malony D J, Jhenkins R G & Walker (Jr) P L, Fuel, 61 (1982) 175.
    • Malony D J, Jhenkins R G & Walker (Jr) P L, Fuel, 61 (1982) 175.
  • 223
    • 67650782684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kruelen D J W, Elements of Coal Chemistry (Nijgh & Van DitmarNV, Rotterdam), 1948, 204.
    • Kruelen D J W, Elements of Coal Chemistry (Nijgh & Van DitmarNV, Rotterdam), 1948, 204.
  • 238
    • 67650738357 scopus 로고
    • U S Dept of the Interior, US Bureau of Mines
    • Kim A G, Information 8756, U S Dept of the Interior, US Bureau of Mines, 1977, 13.
    • (1977) Information 8756 , pp. 13
    • Kim, A.G.1
  • 240
    • 28344442210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ishikawa S & Hamdani
    • Mahidin, Usai H, Ishikawa S & Hamdani, Coal Preparation, 22(2002)81.
    • (2002) Coal Preparation , vol.22 , pp. 81
    • Mahidin, U.H.1
  • 241
    • 67650748526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chen X D & Chong I V, Trans Inst Chem Engg Part B, 76 (1998) 90.
    • Chen X D & Chong I V, Trans Inst Chem Engg Part B, 76 (1998) 90.
  • 249
    • 0030104863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • & references within
    • Jones J C, J Fire Sci, 14 (1996) 159. & references within
    • (1996) J Fire Sci , vol.14 , pp. 159
    • Jones, J.C.1
  • 250
    • 0029304174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chen X D & Chong I V, Trans Inst Chem Engg Part B, 73 (1995) 101.
    • Chen X D & Chong I V, Trans Inst Chem Engg Part B, 73 (1995) 101.
  • 251
    • 0032691693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chen X D & Chong I V, Trans Inst Chem Engg Part B, 77 (1999) 187.
    • Chen X D & Chong I V, Trans Inst Chem Engg Part B, 77 (1999) 187.
  • 267
    • 0007024930 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous Heating of Stored Coal
    • Edited by C R Nelson Elsevier, New York
    • Schmal D, Spontaneous Heating of Stored Coal, In Chemistry of Coal Weathering, Coal Science & Technology. Vol. 14, Edited by C R Nelson (Elsevier, New York), 1989, 133.
    • (1989) Chemistry of Coal Weathering, Coal Science & Technology , vol.14 , pp. 133
    • Schmal, D.1
  • 269
    • 67650781560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IS 9127: Part 5: 2004 /ISO 7404-5: 1994 Methods for the Petrographic Analysis of Bituminous Coal & Anthracite - Part 5: Method of Determining Microscopically the Reflectance of Vitrinite.
    • IS 9127: Part 5: 2004 /ISO 7404-5: 1994 Methods for the Petrographic Analysis of Bituminous Coal & Anthracite - Part 5: Method of Determining Microscopically the Reflectance of Vitrinite.
  • 270
    • 67650774926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Vitrinite Reflectance of Coal
    • ASTM Standard D 2798-06
    • ASTM Standard D 2798-06: Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Vitrinite Reflectance of Coal.
  • 273
    • 0038281644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goodarzi F & Murchison D G, Fue/, 52(1973)90.
    • Goodarzi F & Murchison D G, Fue/, 52(1973)90.
  • 290
    • 67650782889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patric J W, Thomas K M, Walker A & Green P'D, Fuel, 68 (1989) 149.
    • Patric J W, Thomas K M, Walker A & Green P'D, Fuel, 68 (1989) 149.
  • 301
    • 67650776522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASTM Standard D5263-93(2001) D 5263-93 (Reapproved 2001) Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Degree of Oxidation in Bituminous Coal by Alkali Extraction.
    • ASTM Standard D5263-93(2001) D 5263-93 (Reapproved 2001) Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Degree of Oxidation in Bituminous Coal by Alkali Extraction.
  • 302
    • 0021629382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gutierrez-Rodriguez J A, Purcell (Jr) J R & Aplan F F, Colloids Surfaces, 12 (1984) 27.
    • Gutierrez-Rodriguez J A, Purcell (Jr) J R & Aplan F F, Colloids Surfaces, 12 (1984) 27.
  • 303
    • 67650750373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lin M C, Huggins F E, Huffmann G P & Lowenhaupt D E, Am Chem Soc Div Fuel Chem 1983, Presented before the Div of Petroleum Chem Inc, Washington DC Meeting, Aug 28 to Sept 2, 1983.
    • Lin M C, Huggins F E, Huffmann G P & Lowenhaupt D E, Am Chem Soc Div Fuel Chem 1983, Presented before the Div of Petroleum Chem Inc, Washington DC Meeting, Aug 28 to Sept 2, 1983.
  • 310
    • 0015959542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albers G, Lenart L & Oelert H-H, Fue/, 53 (1974)47.
    • Albers G, Lenart L & Oelert H-H, Fue/, 53 (1974)47.
  • 312
  • 313
  • 314
  • 317
    • 0019437482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Painter P C, Coleman M M, Snyder R W, Mahajan O P. Komatsu M & Walker (Jr) P L, Appl Spectrosc, 35 (1981) 106.
    • Painter P C, Coleman M M, Snyder R W, Mahajan O P. Komatsu M & Walker (Jr) P L, Appl Spectrosc, 35 (1981) 106.
  • 320
    • 0020265034 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry and Structure of Coals, Diffuse Reflectance IR Fourier Transform(DRIFT) Spectroscopy of Air Oxidation
    • Edited by E L Fuller Jr, Am Chem Soc, Washington DC
    • Smyrl N R & Fuller Jr E L, Chemistry and Structure of Coals, Diffuse Reflectance IR Fourier Transform(DRIFT) Spectroscopy of Air Oxidation, In Coal & Coal Products: Analytical Characterisation Techniques, Edited by E L Fuller (Jr) (Am Chem Soc, Washington DC),1982, 133.
    • (1982) Coal & Coal Products: Analytical Characterisation Techniques , pp. 133
    • Smyrl, N.R.1    Fuller Jr, E.L.2
  • 325
  • 326
  • 350
    • 0542440111 scopus 로고
    • The Application of Infrared and Raman Spectrometry to the Elucidation of Molecular Structure
    • Edited by Arnold Weissberger Interscience Publishers Ltd London
    • Jones R N, The Application of Infrared and Raman Spectrometry to the Elucidation of Molecular Structure, In Technique of Organic Chemistry Vol XI, Edited by Arnold Weissberger (Interscience Publishers Ltd London) 1956,247 .
    • (1956) Technique of Organic Chemistry Vol XI , pp. 247
    • Jones, R.N.1
  • 354
    • 0038248814 scopus 로고
    • Photoacoustic FTIR Spectroscopy in Detection of Coal Oxidation
    • Edited by C R Nelson Elsevier Amsterdam
    • Lynch B M & MacPhee J A, Photoacoustic FTIR Spectroscopy in Detection of Coal Oxidation, In Chemistry of Coal Weathering, Edited by C R Nelson (Elsevier Amsterdam), 1989, 83.
    • (1989) Chemistry of Coal Weathering , pp. 83
    • Lynch, B.M.1    MacPhee, J.A.2
  • 373
    • 0016079623 scopus 로고
    • R & Trapping R 1
    • Frost D C, Leeder W R & Trapping R 1, Fuel, 53 (1974) 206.
    • (1974) Fuel , vol.53 , pp. 206
    • Frost, D.C.1    Leeder, W.2
  • 393
  • 394
  • 427
    • 0026397461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garcia A B, Moinelo S R, Martinez-Tarazona M-R & J M D Tascon, Fue/, 70 (1991) 1391.
    • Garcia A B, Moinelo S R, Martinez-Tarazona M-R & J M D Tascon, Fue/, 70 (1991) 1391.
  • 436
    • 0012832933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gracia M, Gancedo J R, Barrero M L, Garcia A B, Martinez-Alonso A & Tasc6n J M D, Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials & Atoms, 76 (1993) 191.
    • Gracia M, Gancedo J R, Barrero M L, Garcia A B, Martinez-Alonso A & Tasc6n J M D, Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials & Atoms, 76 (1993) 191.
  • 449
    • 67650782273 scopus 로고
    • British patent 73300
    • W H Walton, British patent 73300 (1955)
    • (1955)
    • Walton, W.H.1
  • 450
    • 67650781394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand. South Africa
    • Wagner N J, PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand. South Africa 1998,.
    • (1998)
    • Wagner, N.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.