Bath temperature and AlF3 control of an aluminium electrolysis cell

Control Engineering Practice

Volumn 17, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 1035-1043

  Kolas S ^a,b   Store T ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

^b Hydro Aluminium AS   (Norway)

Author keywords

AlF3 control; Aluminium electrolysis; Bath temperature control; Decoupler; Estimation; Process control

Indexed keywords

ALF3 CONTROL; ALUMINIUM ELECTROLYSIS; ALUMINIUM FLUORIDE; ALUMINIUM SMELTER; BATH TEMPERATURE CONTROL; BATH TEMPERATURES; DECOUPLER; ENERGY INPUTS; PROCESS KNOWLEDGE; REDUCED ENERGY; STABLE OPERATION;

ALUMINUM; CELL MEMBRANES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTROLYSIS; ELECTROLYTIC CELLS; TEMPERATURE CONTROL;

PROCESS CONTROL;

EID: 67650756733     PISSN: 09670661     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2009.03.008     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Bardal, A., Aga, B. E., Berveling, A., Droste, C., Fechner, M., Haugland, E., et al. (2009). Hal4e-Hydro's new generation cell technology. Light Metals, 371-375.
2. 3 additions based on bath temperature measurements. Light Metals, 309-313.
3. 3 dynamics of aluminium electrolysis cells (p. 94). Dr. Ing. thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).
4. Drengstig, T., Kolås, S., & Støre, T. (2002). The impact of varying conductivity on the control of aluminum electrolysis cells. Light Metals, 377-382.
5. 3 and temperature control of an aluminum electrolysis cell. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 6 (1998) 157-171
6. 3 concentration. Light Metals, 369-374.
7. Entner, P. M. (1995). Control of bath temperature. Light Metals, 369-374.
8. Entner, P. M., & Gudmundsson, G. A. (1996). Further development of the temperature model. Light Metals, 445-449.
9. Grjotheim K., and Kvande H. Introduction to aluminium electrolysis (1993), Aluminum-Verlag
10. Haupin, W. (1987). Cell voltage. In The 6th international course on process metallurgy of aluminium, Section 7 (pp. 1-25). NTH, Trondheim, Norway: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry.
11. Haupin, W., & Kvande, H. (1993). Mathematical model of fluoride evolution from Hall Heroult cells. Light Metals, 257-263.
12. Hives, J., Thonstad, J., Sterten., & Fellner, F. P. (1993). Electrical conductivity of molten cryolite-based mixtures obtained with a tube-type cell made of pyrolitic boron nitride. Light Metals, 247-256.
13. Hyland M.M., Patterson E.C., Stevens-McFadden F., and Welch B.J. Aluminium fluoride consumption and control in smelting cells. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 30 (2001) 404-414
14. Kolås S. Defining and verifying the 'correlation line' in aluminium electrolysis. JOM-Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 59 5 (2007) 55-60
15. Meghlaoui, A., Al Farsi, Y. A., & Aljabri, N. H. (2002). Analytical and experimental study of fluoride evolution. Light Metals, 283-287.
16. Peyneau, J. (1988). The automated control of bath composition on high amperage cell. In Proceedings of international symposium on reduction and casting of aluminium (pp. 189-195).
17. Salt, D. J. (1990). Bath chemistry control system. Light Metals, 299-304.
18. Solheim, A. (2005). Personal communication. Trondheim, June.
19. Solheim, A. (2008). Personal communication. Trondheim, June.
20. Taylor, M. P. (1992). Fluoride material balance. In Fourth Australian aluminium smelter technology workshop (pp. 720-732), Sydney, Australia.
21. Thonstad, J., & Rolseth, S. (1983). Equilibrium between bath and side ledge. Light Metals, 415-424.
22. Wilson, M. J. (1992). Practical considerations used in the development of a method for calculating aluminium fluoride based on cell temperature. Light Metals, 375-378.