Concentrations of endotoxins in waters around the island of Montreal, and treatment options

Water Quality Research Journal of Canada

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 291-303

  Gehr, Ronald ^a   Uribe, Santiago Parent ^a   Da Silva Baptista, Isabel Fatima ^a   Mazer, Bruce ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Chlorine; Endotoxins; Ozone; UV

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; CHLORINE; DISINFECTION; OZONE; OZONIZATION; POTABLE WATER; TESTING; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

DRINKING WATER DISINFECTION; ENDOTOXINS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; LIMULUS AMEBOCYTE LYSATE; LOW CONCENTRATIONS; MINIMAL EFFECTS; PRISTINE WATERS; ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT;

OZONE WATER TREATMENT;

CHLORINATION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); CYANOBACTERIUM; DISINFECTION; DRINKING WATER; FILTRATION; ISLAND; OZONE; TOXIN; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; WATER TREATMENT;

CANADA; MONTREAL; NORTH AMERICA; QUEBEC [CANADA];

CYANOBACTERIA; LIMULUS; NEGIBACTERIA;

EID: 67650620747     PISSN: 12013080     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2008.033     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Anderson WB, Dixon DG, Mayfield CI. 2007. Estimation of endotoxin inhalation from shower and humidifier exposure reveals potential risk to human health. Journal of Water and Health 5(4):553-572. (Pubitemid 350226367)
2. Anderson WB, Huck PM, Dixon DG, Mayfield CI. 2003a. Endotoxin inactivation in water by using mediumpressure UV lamps. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69(5):3002-3004.
3. Anderson WB, Mayfield CI, Dixon DG, Huck PM. 2003b. Endotoxin inactivation by selected drinking water treatment oxidants. Water Res. 37(19):4553-4560. (Pubitemid 37267937)
4. Anderson WB, Slawson RM, Mayfield CI. 2002. A review of drinking-water-associated endotoxin, including potential routes of human exposure. Can. J. Microbiol. 48(7):567-587.
5. th Edition. Jointly published by the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation. Washington D.C.
6. Binding N, Jaschinski S, Werlich S, Bletz S, Witting U. 2004. Quantification of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxin) by GC-MS determination of 3-hydroxy fatty acids. J. Environ. Monit. 6(1):65-70.
7. Bolton JR, Linden KG. 2003. Standardization of methods for fluence (UV dose) determination in bench-scale UV experiments. J. Environ. Eng. ASCE 129(3):209215.
8. Braun-Fahrlander C, Riedler J, Herz U, Eder W, Waser M, Grize L, Maisch S, Carr D, Gerlach F, Bufe A, Lauener RP, Schierl R, Renz H, Nowak D, von Mutius E, Team AES. 2002. Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in schoolage children. New England Journal of Medicine 347(12):869-877.
9. Burger JS, Grabow WOK, Kfir R. 1989. Detection of endotoxins in reclaimed and conventionally treated drinking-water. Water Res. 23(6):733-738. (Pubitemid 19200672)
10. CAMBREX. 2006a. Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) QCL-1000®Walkersville, MD. Catalog number 50-648U.
11. CAMBREX. 2006b. PyroGene recombinant factor C endotoxin detection system. Walkersville, MD. Catalog number 50-658U.
12. Di Luzio NR, Friedmann TJ. 1973. Bacterial endotoxins in the environment. Nature 244(5410):49-51.
13. Enterline PE, Keleti G, Sykora JL, Lange JH. 1985. Endotoxins, cotton dust, and cancer. Lancet 2(8461):934-935. (Pubitemid 16217594)
14. Evans TM, Schillinger JE, Stuart DG. 1978. Rapiddetermination of bacteriological water-quality by using Limulus lysate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35(2):376-382.
15. Gereda JE, Leung DYM, Thatayatikom A, Streib JE, Price MR, Klinnert MD, Liu AH. 2000. Relation between house-dust endotoxin exposure, type 1 T cell development, and allergen sensitisation in infants at high risk of asthma. Lancet 355(9216):1680-1683. (Pubitemid 30248480)
16. Haas CN, Meyer MA, Paller MS, Zapkin MA. 1983. The utility of endotoxins as a surrogate indicator in potable water microbiology. Water Res. 17(7):803807.
17. Heederik D, Douwes J. 1997. Towards an occupational exposure limit for endotoxins? Annals of Agriculture and Environmental Medicine 4(1):17-19.
18. Hoffmann HJ, Iversen M, Sigsgaard T, Omland O, Takai H, Bonefeld-Jørgensen E, Seedorf J, Dahl R. 2005. A single exposure to organic dust of non-naïve nonexposed volunteers induces long-lasting symptoms of endotoxin tolerance. Int Arch. Allergy Immunol. 138(2):121-126.
19. Hofmann R, Andrews B, Pachmaniuk P. 2004. Guidelines for ultraviolet disinfection of drinking water: Considerations for Ontario. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 67(20-22):1805-1812.
20. Iwanaga S. 1993. The limulus clotting reaction. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 5(1):74-82.
21. Jorgensen JH, Lee JC, Pahren HR. 1976. Rapid detection of bacterial endotoxins in drinking-water and renovated wastewater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32(3):347-351.
22. Keleti G, Sykora JL. 1982. Production and properties of cyanobacterial endotoxins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43(1):104-109.
23. Korsholm E, Sogaard H. 1988. An evaluation of direct microscopical counts and endotoxin measurements as alternatives for total plate counts. Water Res. 22(6):783-788. (Pubitemid 18192624)
24. Levin J, Bang FB. 1968. Clottable protein in Limulus - Its localization and kinetics of its coagulation by endotoxin. Thrombosis Et Diathesis Haemorrhagica 19(1-2):186-198.
25. Li Y, Lander R, Manger W, Lee A. 2004. Determination of lipid profile in meningococcal polysaccharide reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 804(2):353-358. (Pubitemid 38481711)
26. Liu AH, Redmon AH Jr. 2001. Endotoxin: friend or foe? Allergy Asthma Proceedings 22:337-340.
27. Nakamura T, Morita T, Iwanaga S. 1986 Lipopolysaccharide-sensitive serihe-protease zymogen (factor-C) found in Limulus hemocytes - isolation and characterization. Eur. J. Biochem. 154(3):511521.
28. Parent Uribe S. 2007. Endotoxins detection and control in drinking water systems. MEng Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, McGiIl University, Montreal. 95 p.
29. Priano G, Battaglini F. 2005. Use of an antimicrobial protein for endotoxin detection in a competitive electrochemical assay. Anal. Chem. 77(15):49764984.
30. Rakness K, Gordon G, Langlais B, Masschelein W, Matsumoto N, Richard Y, Robson CM, Somiya I. 1996. Guideline for measurement of ozone concentration in the process gas from an ozone ,generator. Ozone Sci. Eng. 18(3):209-229.
31. Rapala J, Lahti K, Rasanen LA, Esala AL, Niemela SI, Sivonen K. 2002. Endotoxins associated with cyanobacteria and their removal during drinking water treatment. Water Res. 36(10):2627-2635. (Pubitemid 34575610)
32. Rapala J, Niemela M, Berg KA, Lepisto L, Lahti K. 2006. Removal of cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, heterotrophic bacteria and endotoxins at an operating surface water treatment plant. Water Sei. Technol. 54(3):23-28.
33. Reed CE, Milton DK. 2001. Endotoxin-stimulated innate immunity: A contributing factor for asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 108(2):157-166.
34. Rybka J, Gamian A. 2006. Determination of endotoxin by the measurement of the acetylated methyl glycoside derivative of Kdo with gas-liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. J. Microbiol. Methods 64(2):171184. (Pubitemid 43112117)
35. Smit LAM, Spaan S, Heederik D. 2005. Endotoxin exposure and symptoms in wastewater treatment workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 48(1):30-39.
36. Snella MC,Rylander R. 1977.The endotoxins: A neglected environmental factor. Sozial- und Praventivmedizin 22(3):137-138. (Pubitemid 8113446)
37. Stewart I, Schluter PJ, Shaw GR. 2006. Cyanobacterial lipopolysaccharides and human health - a review. Environ. Health 5:7. (Pubitemid 44029836)
38. Strachan DP. 1989. Hay-fever, hygiene, and household size. British Medical Journal 299(6710):1259-1260.
39. Sykora JL, Keleti G, Roche R, Volk DR, Kay GP, Burgess RA, Shapiro MA, Lippy EC. 1980. Endotoxins, algae and Limulus amebocyte lysate test in drinking-water. Water Res. 14(7):829-839. (Pubitemid 10121113)
40. Wang Y, McCusker C. 2006. Neonatal exposure with LPS and/or allergen prevents experimental allergic airways disease: Development of tolerance using environmental antigens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 118(1):143-151.
41. Young NS, Levin J, Prenderg RA. 1972. Invertebrate coagulation system activated by endotoxin Evidence for enzymatic mediation. J. Clin. Investig. 51(7):1790-1797.