Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: Indications and rationale

Cancer Control

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 234-239

  Phan, Giao Q ^a   Messina, Jane L ^a,b   Sondak, Vernon K ^a,b   Zager, Jonathan S ^a,b  

^a H LEE MOFFITT CANCER CENTER AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANCER SIZE; CANCER SURVIVAL; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE DISSECTION; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; LYMPHADENECTOMY; MELANOMA; MITOSIS RATE; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 67650526417     PISSN: 10732748     EISSN: 15262359     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107327480901600305     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58(2):71-96. Epub 2008 Feb 20.
2. Balch CM, Buzaid AC, Soong SJ, et al. Final version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(16):3635-3648. (Pubitemid 32786276)
3. Balch CM, Soong SJ, Atkins MB, et al. An evidence-based staging system for cutaneous melanoma. CA Cancer J Clin. 2004;54(3):131-149; quiz 182-1134 (Pubitemid 38812179)
4. McMasters KM, Wong SL, Edwards MJ, et al. Factors that predict the presence of sentinel lymph node metastasis in patients with melanoma. Surgery. 2001;130(2):151-156. (Pubitemid 32721662)
5. Lens MB, Dawes M, Newton-Bishop JA, et al. Tumour thickness as a predictor of occult lymph node metastases in patients with stage I and II melanoma undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy. Br J Surg. 2002;89(10): 1223-1227. (Pubitemid 36002537)
6. Veronesi U, Adamus J, Bandiera DC, et al. Inefficacy of immediate node dissection in stage 1 melanoma of the limbs. N Engl J Med. 1977;297 (12):627-630. (Pubitemid 8200048)
7. Sim FH, Taylor WF, Ivins JC, et al. A prospective randomized study of the efficacy of routine elective lymphadenectomy in management of malignant melanoma. Preliminary results. Cancer. 1978;41(3):948-956.
8. Veronesi U, Adamus J, Bandiera DC, et al. Delayed regional lymph node dissection in stage I melanoma of the skin of the lower extremities. Cancer. 1982;49(11):2420-2430.
9. Morton DL, Wen DR, Wong JH, et al. Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg. 1992;127 (4):392-399.
10. Baas PC, Schraffordt Koops H, Hoekstra HJ, et al. Groin dissection in the treatment of lower-extremity melanoma. Short-term and long-term morbidity. Arch Surg. 1992;127(3):281-286.
11. Wrightson WR, Wong SL, Edwards MJ, et al. Complications associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10(6):676-680. (Pubitemid 40486900)
12. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Essner R, et al. Validation of the accuracy of intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for earlystage melanoma: a multicenter trial. Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial Group. Ann Surg. 1999;230(4):453-463; discussion 463-1455
13. Reintgen D, Cruse CW, Wells K, et al. The orderly progression of melanoma nodal metastases. Ann Surg. 1994;220(6):759-767. (Pubitemid 24376374)
14. Sondak VK, Zager JS, Messina JL. Sentinel lymph node biopsy as the standard of care for cutaneous melanoma. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2007; 5(6):483-490. (Pubitemid 47039798)
15. Yu LL, Flotte TJ, Tanabe KK, et al. Detection of microscopic melanoma metastases in sentinel lymph nodes. Cancer. 1999;86(4):617-627. (Pubitemid 29379407)
16. Messina JL, Glass LF, Cruse CW, et al. Pathologic examination of the sentinel lymph node in malignant melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;23(6):686-690. (Pubitemid 29262832)
17. O'Brien CJ, Uren RF, Thompson JF, et al. Prediction of potential metastatic sites in cutaneous head and neck melanoma using lymphoscintigraphy. Am J Surg. 1995;170(5):461-466.
18. Tanis PJ, Nieweg OE, van den Brekel MW, et al. Dilemma of clinically node-negative head and neck melanoma: outcome of "watch and wait" policy, elective lymph node dissection, and sentinel node biopsy - a systematic review. Head Neck. 2008;30(3):380-389.
19. Thomas JM. Caution with sentinel node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma. Br J Surg. 2006;93(2):129-130. (Pubitemid 43259595)
20. van Akkooi AC, de Wilt JH, Verhoef C, et al. Clinical relevance of melanoma micrometastases (< .1 mm) in sentinel nodes: are these nodes to be considered negative? Ann Oncol. 2006;17(10):1578-1585. Epub 2006 Sep 12.
21. Govindarajan A, Ghazarian DM, McCready DR, et al. Histological features of melanoma sentinel lymph node metastases associated with status of the completion lymphadenectomy and rate of subsequent relapse. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(2):906-912. Epub 2006 Nov 29. (Pubitemid 46175342)
22. Scheri RP, Essner R, Turner RR, et al. Isolated tumor cells in the sentinel node affect long-term prognosis of patients with melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(10):2861-2866. Epub 2007 Jul 18. (Pubitemid 47460638)
23. McMasters KM, Wong SL, Edwards MJ, et al. Frequency of nonsentinel lymph node metastasis in melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9(2):137-141. (Pubitemid 34259698)
24. Ariyan C, Brady MS, Gönen M, et al. Positive nonsentinel node status predicts mortality in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(1):186-190. Epub 2008 Nov 1. Epub 2006 Mar 7.
25. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al. Sentinel-node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(13):1307-1317. (Pubitemid 44465459)
26. Morton DL, Cochran AJ, Thompson JF. Authors' response to a letter to the editor re: Sentinel node biopsy for early-stage melanoma. Ann Surg. 2007;245(5):828-829. (Pubitemid 46684119)
27. Karakousis GC, Gimotty PA, Botbyl JD, et al. Predictors of regional nodal disease in patients with thin melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13 (4):533-541.
28. Kalady MF, White RR, Johnson JL, et al. Thin melanomas: predictive lethal characteristics from a 30-year clinical experience. Ann Surg. 2003;238(4):528-535; discussion 535-1527 (Pubitemid 38176390)
29. Nguyen CL, McClay EF, Cole DJ, et al. Melanoma thickness and histology predict sentinel lymph node status. Am J Surg. 2001;181(1):8-11. (Pubitemid 32209113)
30. Mraz-Gernhard S, Sagebiel RW, Kashani-Sabet M, et al. Prediction of sentinel lymph node micrometastasis by histological features in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Arch Dermatol. 1998;134(8):983-987. (Pubitemid 28385320)
31. Sondak VK, Taylor JM, Sabel MS, et al. Mitotic rate and younger age are predictors of sentinel lymph node positivity: lessons learned from the generation of a probabilistic model. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(3):247-258. (Pubitemid 40486764)
32. Kesmodel SB, Karakousis GC, Botbyl JD, et al. Mitotic rate as a predictor of sentinel lymph node positivity in patients with thin melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12(6):449-458. Epub 2005 Apr 19. (Pubitemid 40884259)
33. Ranieri JM, Wagner JD, Wenck S, et al. The prognostic importance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in thin melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13(7): 927-932. Epub 2006 May 22. (Pubitemid 43920924)
34. Puleo CA, Messina JL, Riker AI, et al. Sentinel node biopsy for thin melanomas: which patients should be considered? Cancer Control. 2005; 12(4):230-235.
35. Wright BE, Scheri RP, Ye X, et al. Importance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with thin melanoma. Arch Surg. 2008;143(9):892-899; discussion 899-900.
36. Spanknebel K, Coit DG, Bieligk SC, et al. Characterization of micrometastatic disease in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes by enhanced pathology: recommendations for standardizing pathologic analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29(3):305-317.
37. Kirkwood JM, Manola J, Ibrahim J, et al. A pooled analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Intergroup trials of adjuvant high-dose interferon for melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(5):1670-1677. (Pubitemid 38435557)
38. Kilbridge KL, Weeks JC, Sober AJ, et al. Patient preferences for adjuvant interferon alfa-2b treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(3):812-823. (Pubitemid 32119097)
39. Kirkwood JM, Moschos S, Wang W. Strategies for the development of more effective adjuvant therapy of melanoma: current and future explorations of antibodies, cytokines, vaccines, and combinations. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(7 Pt 2):2331s-2336s.
40. Eggermont AM, Suciu S, Santinami M, et al. Adjuvant therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b versus observation alone in resected stage III melanoma: final results of EORTC 18991, a randomised phase III trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9633):117-126. (Pubitemid 351952257)
41. Rosenberg SA, Sherry RM, Morton KE, et al. Altered CD8(+) T-cell responses when immunizing with multiepitope peptide vaccines. J Immunother. 2006;29(2):224-231. (Pubitemid 43756098)
42. Lee P, Wang F, Kuniyoshi J, et al. Effects of interleukin-12 on the immune response to a multipeptide vaccine for resected metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(18):3836-3847. (Pubitemid 32880062)
43. Wong R, Lau R, Chang J, et al. Immune responses to a class II helper peptide epitope in patients with stage III/IV resected melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(15):5004-5013. (Pubitemid 39099774)
44. Sanderson K, Scotland R, Lee P, et al. Autoimmunity in a phase I trial of a fully human anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 monoclonal antibody with multiple melanoma peptides and Montanide ISA 51 for patients with resected stages III and IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(4):741-750. Epub 2004 Dec 21. (Pubitemid 46224173)
45. Phan GQ, Weber JS, Sondak VK. CTLA-4 blockade with monoclonal antibodies in patients with metastatic cancer: surgical issues. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(11):3014-3021. Epub 2008 Aug 21.
46. Wallace AM, Hoh CK, Vera DR, et al. Lymphoseek: a molecular radio pharmaceutical for sentinel node detection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10 (5): 531-538. (Pubitemid 40486916)
47. Wallace AM, Hoh CK, Ellner SJ, et al. Lymphoseek: a molecular imaging agent for melanoma sentinel lymph node mapping. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14(2):913-921. Epub 2006 Dec 5. (Pubitemid 46175343)