Radio observations of Jupiter-family comets

Planetary and Space Science

Volumn 57, Issue 10, 2009, Pages 1162-1174

  Crovisier, Jacques ^a   Biver, Nicolas ^a   Bockelée Morvan, Dominique ^a   Colom, Pierre ^a  

^a OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS   (France)

Author keywords

Comets; Radio observations; Spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS; COMETS; DIFFERENT ORIGINS; DUST PARTICLE; DUST PRODUCTION; EXPANSION VELOCITY; GAS PRODUCTIONS; JUPITER; KINETIC TEMPERATURES; LARGE SIZES; LONG-PERIOD COMETS; OH RADICAL; OORT CLOUD; ORBITAL CHARACTERISTICS; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; RADIO OBSERVATION; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; SECONDARY PRODUCT; SPACE MISSIONS; SUB-MILLIMETRIC WAVELENGTHS; WATER MOLECULE;

DUST; FREE RADICALS; GEOCHEMISTRY; INTERPLANETARY FLIGHT; MOLECULES; PROBES; PRODUCTION; SPACE PROBES;

RADIO;

EID: 67650514854     PISSN: 00320633     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2008.08.019     Document Type: Article

References (130)

1. A'Hearn M.F., Millis R.L., Schleicher D.G., Osip D.J., and Birch P.V. The ensemble properties of comets: results from narrowband photometry of 85 comets, 1976-1992. Icarus 118 (1995) 223-270
2. A'Hearn M.F., Belton M.J.S., Delamere W.A., Kissel J., Klaasen K.P., McFadden L.A., Meech K.J., Melosh H.J., Schultz P.H., Sunshine J.M., Thomas P.C., Veverka J., Yeomans D.K., Baca M.W., Busko I., Crockett C.J., Collins S.M., Desnoyer M., Eberhardy C.A., Ernst C.M., Farnham T.L., Feaga L., Groussin O., Hampton D., Ipatov S.I., Li J.-Y., Lindler D., Lisse C.M., Mastrodemos N., Owen W.M., Richardson J.E., Wellnitz D.D., and White R.L. Deep Impact: excavating comet Tempel 1. Science 310 (2005) 258-264
3. Altenhoff W.J., and Stumpff P. Size estimate of "asteroid" 2060 chiron from 250 GHz measurements. Astron. Astrophys. 293 (1995) L41-L42
4. Altenhoff W.J., Huchtmeier W.K., Schmidt J., Schraml J.B., and Stumpff P. Radio continuum observations of comet Halley. Astron. Astrophys. 164 (1986) 227-230
5. Altenhoff W.J., Huchtmeier W.K., Kreysa E., Schmidt J., Schraml J.B., and Thum C. Radio continuum observations of comet P/Halley at 250 GHz. Astron. Astrophys. 222 (1989) 323-328
6. Altenhoff W.J., Bieging J.H., Butler B., Butner H.M., Chini R., Haslam C.G.T., Kreysa E., Martin R.N., Mauersberger R., McMullin J., Muders D., Peters W.L., Schmidt J., Schraml J.B., Sievers A., Stumpff P., Thum C., von Kap-Herr A., Wiesemeyer H., Wink J.E., and Zylka R. Coordinated radio continuum observations of comets Hyakutake and Hale-Bopp from 22 to 860 GHz. Astron. Astrophys. 348 (1999) 1020-1034
7. Altwegg K., and Bockelée-Morvan D. Isotopic abundances in comets. Space Sci. Rev. 106 (2003) 139-154
8. Arpigny C., Jehin E., Manfroid J., Hutsemékers D., Schulz R., Stüwe J.A., Zucconi J.-M., and Ilyin I. Anomalous nitrogen isotope ratio in comets. Science 301 (2003) 1522-1525
9. Bensch F., and Bergin E.A. The pure rotational line emission of ortho-water vapor in comets. I. Radiative transfer model. Astrophys. J. 615 (2004) 531-544
10. Bensch F., and Melnick G.J. Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite monitoring of the water vaporization rate of seven comets between 1999 and 2005. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38 (2006) 545
11. Bensch F., Melnick G.J., Neufeld D.A., Harwit M., Snell R.L., Patten B.M., and Tolls V. Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite observations of comet 9P/Tempel 1 and Deep Impact. Icarus 184 (2006) 602-610
12. Biraud F., Bourgois G., Crovisier J., Fillit R., Gérard E., and Kazès I. OH observation of comet Kohoutek (1973f) at 18 cm wavelength. Astron. Astrophys. 34 (1974) 163-166
13. Bird, M.K., Huchmeier, W.K., von Kap-herr, A., Schmidt, J., Walmsley, C.M., 1987. Searches for parent molecules at MPIFR. In: Irvine, W.M., Schloerb, F.P., Tacconi-Garman, L.E. (Eds.), Cometary Radio Astronomy, Proceedings of an NRAO Workshop. NRAO, Green Bank, pp. 85-87.
14. Biver, N., 1997. Molécules mères cométaires: Observations et modélisations. Ph.D. Thesis, Université Paris VII.
15. Biver, N., 2005. Comets with ALMA. In: Wilson, A. (Ed.), The Dusty and Molecular Universe. A Prelude to Herschel and ALMA, vol. 577. ESA Special Publication, pp. 151-156.
16. Biver, N., Crovisier, J., Davis, J.K., Despois, D., Lis, D.C., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Colom, P., Gérard, E., Matthews, H.E., Paubert, G., 1999. Coordinated radio observations of comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner in October-November 1998. In: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors (Book of Abstracts). Cornell University, p. 50.
17. Biver N., Bockelée-Morvan D., Colom P., Crovisier J., Henry F., Lellouch E., Winnberg A., Johansson L.E.B., Gunnarsson M., Rickman H., Rantakyrö F., Davies J.K., Dent W.R.F., Paubert G., Moreno R., Wink J., Despois D., Benford D.J., Gardner M., Lis D.C., Mehringer D., Phillips T.G., and Rauer H. The 1995-2002 long-term monitoring of comet C/1995O1 (Hale-Bopp) at radio wavelength. Earth Moon Planets 90 (2002) 5-14
18. Biver N., Bockelée-Morvan D., Crovisier J., Colom P., Henry F., Moreno R., Paubert G., Despois D., and Lis D.C. Chemical composition diversity among 23 comets observed at radio wavelengths. Earth Moon Planets 90 (2002) 323-333
19. Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Boissier, J., Colom, P., Crovisier, J., Lecacheux, A., Lis, D.C., Parise, B., Menten, K., The Odin Team, 2006. Comparison of the chemical composition of fragments B and C of comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 from radio observations. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38, 484-485.
20. Biver N., Bockelée-Morvan D., Boissier J., Crovisier J., Colom P., Lecacheux A., Moreno R., Paubert G., Lis D.C., Sumner M., Frisk U., Hjalmarsson Å., Olberg M., Winnberg A., Florén H.-G., Sandqvist A., and Kwok S. Radio observations of comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impact. Icarus 187 (2007) 253-271
21. Biver N., Bockelée-Morvan D., Crovisier J., Lecacheux A., Frisk U., Hjalmarson Å., Olberg M., Florén H.-G., Sandqvist A., and Kwok S. Submillimetre observations of comets with Odin: 2001-2005. Planet. Space Sci. 55 (2007) 1058-1068
22. Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Crovisier, J., Lecacheux, A., Lis, D.C., Boissier, J., Colom, P., Dello-Russo, N., Florén, H.G., Frisk, U., Hjalmarson, Å., Kwok, S., Menten, K., Moreno, R., Olberg, M., Parise, B., Paubert, G., Sandqvist, A., Vervack, R.J., Weaver, H.A., Winnberg, A., 2008a. In-depth investigations of the fragmenting comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 at radio wavelengths with the Nançay, IRAM, CSO, APEX and Odin radio telescopes. In: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2008, Abstract #8149, Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution No. 1405, Houston (CD-ROM).
23. Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Wiesemeyer, H., Crovisier, J., Peng, R., Lis, D., Phillips, T., Boissier, J., Colom, P., Lellouch, E., Moreno, R., 2008b. Composition and outburst follow-up observations of comet 17P/Holmes at the Nançay, IRAM and CSO radio observatories. In: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2008, Abstract #8186, Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution No. 1405, Houston (CD-ROM).
24. Bockelée-Morvan, D., 2008a. Comet 17P/Holmes in outburst. In: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2008, Abstract #8185, Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution No. 1405, Houston (CD-ROM).
25. Bockelée-Morvan D. Cometary science with ALMA. Astrophys. Space Sci. 313 (2008) 183-189
26. Bockelée-Morvan D., Crovisier J., Gérard E., and Kazès I. Observations of the OH radical in comets at 18 cm wavelength. Icarus 47 (1981) 464-469
27. Bockelée-Morvan D., Crovisier J., Despois D., Forveille T., Gérard E., Schraml J., and Thum C. Molecular observations of comets P/Giacobini-Zinner 1984e and P/Halley 1982i at millimetre wavelengths. Astron. Astrophys. 180 (1987) 253-262
28. Bockelée-Morvan D., Biver N., Colom P., Crovisier J., Gérard E., Jorda L., Davies J.K., Dent B., Colas F., Despois D., Paubert G., and Lamy P. Visible and radio observations of comet 19P/Borrelly. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 27 (1995) 1144
29. Bockelée-Morvan D., Biver N., Moreno R., Colom P., Crovisier J., Gérard E., Henry F., Lis D.C., Matthews H., Weaver H.A., Womack M., and Festou M.C. Outgassing behavior and composition of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) during its disruption. Science 292 (2001) 1339-1343
30. Bockelée-Morvan D., Lellouch E., Biver N., Paubert G., Bauer J., Colom P., and Lis D.C. Search for CO gas in Pluto, Centaurs and Kuiper Belt objects at radio wavelengths. Astron. Astrophys. 377 (2001) 343-353
31. Bockelée-Morvan D., Biver N., Colom P., Crovisier J., Henry F., Lecacheux A., Davies J.K., Dent W.R.F., and Weaver H.A. The outgassing and composition of comet 19P/Borrelly from radio observations. Icarus 167 (2004) 113-128
32. Bockelée-Morvan D., Moreno R., Biver N., Crovisier J., Crifo J.-F., Fulle M., and Grewing M. CO and dust productions in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at 3 AU post-perihelion. In: Colangeli L., Epifani E.M., and Palumbo P. (Eds). The New Rosetta Targets, Observations, Simulations and Instrument Performances (2004), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 25-36
33. Bockelée-Morvan D., Crovisier J., Mumma M.J., and Weaver H.A. The composition of cometary volatiles. In: Festou M.C., Keller H.U., and Weaver H.A. (Eds). Comets II (2005), University of Arizona Press, Tucson 391-423
34. Bockelée-Morvan D., Biver N., Jehin E., Cochran A.L., Wiesemeyer H., Manfroid J., Hutsemékers D., Arpigny C., Boissier J., Cochran W., Colom P., Crovisier J., Milutinovic N., Moreno R., Prochaska J.X., Ramirez I., Schulz R., and Zucconi J.-M. Large excess of heavy nitrogen in both hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen from comet 17P/Holmes. Astrophys. J. 679 (2008) L49-L52
35. Boissier, J., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Biver, N., Crovisier, J., Lellouch, E., Moreno, R., 2008. Interferometric mapping of dust continuum, HCN and HNC 3-mm emissions in comet 17P/Holmes at IRAM Plateau de Bure. In: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2008, Abstract #8081, Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution No. 1405, Houston (CD-ROM).
36. Butler B.J., Campbell D.B., de Pater I., and Gary D.E. Solar System science with SKA. New Astron. Rev. 48 (2004) 1511-1535
37. Colom, P., Crovisier, J., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Boissier, J., Lecacheux, A., 2006. Observations of comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 with the Nançay radio telescope. In: Barret, D., Casoli, F., Lagache, G., Lecavelier, A., Pagani, L. (Eds.), SF2A-2006: Semaine de l'Astrophysique Française, pp. 389-393.
38. Coulson, I.M., Butner, H.M., Moriarty-Schieven, G., Woodney, L.M., Charnley, S.B., Rodgers, S.D., Stuwe, J., Schultz, R., Meech, K., Fernandez, Y., Vora, P., 2005. Deep Impact: submillimetre spectroscopic HCN observations of 9P/Tempel-1 from JCMT. In: Protostars and Planets V Conference Proceedings. LPI Contribution No. 1286, p. 8524.
39. Crovisier J. Observational constraints on the composition and nature of comet D/Shoemaker-Levy 9. In: Noll K.S., Weaver H.A., and Feldman P.D. (Eds). The Collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 and Jupiter (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 31-54
40. Crovisier, J., 2005. Comets and asteroids with the Herschel Space Observatory. In: Wilson, A. (Ed.), The Dusty and Molecular Universe. A Prelude to Herschel and ALMA, vol. 577. ESA Special Publication, pp. 145-150.
41. Crovisier, J., 2007. Cometary diversity and cometary families. In: Celnikier, L. (Ed.), XVIIIemes Rencontres de Blois: Planetary Science: Challenges and Discoveries, arXiv:astro-ph/0703785, in press.
42. Crovisier J., and Schloerb F.P. The study of comets at radio wavelengths. In: Newburn Jr. R.L., Neugebauer M., and Rahe J. (Eds). IAU Colloquium 116: Comets in the Post-Halley Era. Astrophysics and Space Science Library vol. 167 (1991), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 149-173
43. Crovisier J., Biver N., Bockelee-Morvan D., Colom P., Jorda L., Lellouch E., Paubert G., and Despois D. Carbon monoxide outgassing from comet P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1. Icarus 115 (1995) 213-216
44. Crovisier J., Bockelée-Morvan D., Gerard E., Rauer H., Biver N., Colom P., and Jorda L. What happened to comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3?. Astron. Astrophys. 310 (1996) L17-L20
45. Crovisier J., Colom P., Gérard E., Bockelée-Morvan D., and Bourgois G. Observations at Nançay of the OH 18-cm lines in comets. The data base. Observations made from 1982 to 1999. Astron. Astrophys. 393 (2002) 1053-1064
46. Crovisier J., Biver N., Bockelée-Morvan D., Boissier J., Colom P., Moreno R., Lis D.C., Paubert G., Despois D., Gunnarsson M., and Weaver H.A. Chemical diversity of comets observed at radio wavelengths in 2003-2005. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 37 (2005) 646
47. Crovisier, J., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Boissier, J., Colom, P., Lecacheux, A., Lis, D.C., Parise, B., Menten, K., The Odin Team, 2006. The evolution of the outgassing of fragments B and C of comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 from radio observations. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38, 485.
48. Crovisier, J., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Boissier, J., Colom, P., Lecacheux, A., Moreno, R., Paubert, G., Lis, D.C., Sumner, M., Frisk, U., Hjalmarsson, Å., Olberg, M., Winnberg, A., Florén, H.-G., Sandqvist, A., Kwok, S., 2009a. The chemical composition of comet 9P/Tempel 1 from radio observations. In: Sterken, C., Käufl, H.U. (Eds.), Deep Impact as a World Observatory Event: Synergies in Space, Time and Wavelength. ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Springer, Berlin, 243-248.
49. Crovisier, J., Colom, P., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., 2009b. Observations at Nançay of the OH 18-cm lines in comets. The data base. II: Observations made from 2000 to mid-2008, in preparation.
50. Crovisier, J., Colom, P., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., 2008. Recent observations of the OH 18-cm lines in comets with the Nançay radio telescope. In: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2008, Abstract #8119, Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution No. 1405, Houston (CD-ROM).
51. de Pater I., Palmer P., and Snyder L.E. A review of radio interferometric imaging of comets. In: Newburn Jr. R.L., Neugebauer M., and Rahe J. (Eds). IAU Colloquium 116: Comets in the Post-Halley Era. Astrophysics and Space Science Library vol. 167 (1991), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 175-207
52. de Pater I., Forster J.R., Wright M., Butler B.J., Palmer P., Veal J.M., A'Hearn M.F., and Snyder L.E. BIMA and VLA observations of comet Hale-Bopp at 22-115 GHz. Astron. J. 116 (1998) 987-996
53. Dello Russo N., Vervack R.J., Weaver H.A., Biver N., Bockelée-Morvan D., Crovisier J., and Lisse C.M. Compositional homogeneity in the fragmented comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3. Nature 448 (2007) 172-175
54. Dello Russo N., Vervack R.J., Weaver H.A., Montgomery M.M., Deshpande R., Fernández Y.R., and Martin E.L. The volatile composition of comet 17P/Holmes after its extraordinary outburst. Astrophys. J. 680 (2008) 793-802
55. Despois D., Gérard E., Crovisier J., and Kazès I. The OH radical in comets-observation and analysis of the hyperfine microwave transitions at 1667 MHz and 1665 MHz. Astron. Astrophys. 99 (1981) 320-340
56. DiSanti, M.A., Mumma, M.J., 2008. Reservoirs for comets: compositional differences based on infrared observations. Space Sci. Rev., 138, 127-145.
57. DiSanti M.A., Anderson W.M., Villanueva G.L., Bonev B.P., Magee-Sauer K., Gibb E.L., and Mumma M.J. Depleted carbon monoxide in fragment C of the Jupiter-family comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3. Astrophys. J. 661 (2007) L101-L104
58. Drahus M., Kueppers M., Jarchow C., Paganini L., Hartogh P., and Villanueva G.L. Submillimeter monitoring of the HCN molecule in fragment C of the split comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 39 (2007) 508
59. Drahus, M., Paganini, L., Ziurys, L., Peters, W., Soukup, M., Begam, M., 2007b. Comet 17P/Holmes. IAU Circular 8891.
60. Drahus, M., Paganini, L., Ziurys, L., Peters, W., 2008a. Comet 17P/Holmes. CBET 1289.
61. Drahus, M., Paganini, L., Ziurys, L., Peters, W., Jarchow, C., Hartogh, P., 2008b. The recent mega-outburst of comet 17P/Holmes at millimeter wavelengths. In: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2008, Abstract #8340, Lunar and Planetary Institute Contribution No. 1405, Houston (CD-ROM).
62. Fernández, J.A., 2008. Origin of comet nuclei and dynamics. Space Sci. Rev. 138, 27-42.
63. Festou M.C., Gunnarsson M., Rickman H., Winnberg A., and Tancredi G. The activity of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 monitored through its CO J=2-1 radio line. Icarus 150 (2001) 140-150
64. Fink, U., 2009. How Tempel 1 fits into the ensemble of comets: a spectroscopic perspective. In: Sterken, C., Käufl, H.U. (Eds.), Deep Impact as a World Observatory Event: Synergies in Space, Time and Wavelength. ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Springer, Berlin, pp. 311-316.
65. Fray N., Bénilan Y., Cottin H., Gazeau M.-C., and Crovisier J. The origin of the CN radical in comets: a review from observations and models. Planet. Space Sci. 53 (2005) 1243-1262
66. Fulle M., Barbieri C., Cremonese G., Rauer H., Weiler M., Milani G., and Ligustri R. The dust environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Astron. Astrophys. 422 (2004) 357-368
67. Galt J. Observations of comet Giacobini-Zinner at the 1.667 GHz OH line. Astron. J. 94 (1987) 174-177
68. Gérard E. The discrepancy between OH production rates deduced from radio and ultraviolet observations of comets. I-a comparative study of OH radio and UV observations of P/Halley 1986 III in late November and early December 1985. Astron. Astrophys. 230 (1990) 489-503
69. Gérard E., Bockelée-Morvan D., Bourgois G., Colom P., and Crovisier J. Observations of the OH radio lines in comet P/Giacobini-Zinner 1985 XII. Astron. Astrophys. 74 (1988) 485-495
70. Gibson D.M., and Hobbs R.W. On the microwave emission from comets. Astrophys. J. 248 (1981) 863-866
71. Green, D.W.E., 2007. Comet 17P/Holmes. IAU Circular 8886.
72. Gulkis S., Frerking M., Crovisier J., Beaudin G., Hartogh P., Encrenaz P., Koch T., Kahn C., Salinas Y., Nowicki R., Irigoyen R., Janssen M., Stek P., Hofstadter M., Allen M., Backus C., Kamp L., Jarchow C., Steinmetz E., Deschamps A., Krieg J., Gheudin M., Bockelée-Morvan D., Biver N., Encrenaz T., Despois D., Ip W., Lellouch E., Mann I., Muhleman D., Rauer H., Schloerb P., and Spilker T. MIRO: Microwave Instrument for Rosetta Orbiter. Space Sci. Rev. 128 (2007) 561-597
73. Gunnarsson M. Icy grains as a source of CO in comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1. Astron. Astrophys. 398 (2003) 353-361
74. Gunnarsson M., Rickman H., Festou M.C., Winnberg A., and Tancredi G. An extended CO source around comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1. Icarus 157 (2002) 309-322
75. Gunnarsson M., Bockelée-Morvan D., Biver N., Crovisier J., and Rickman H. Mapping the carbon monoxide coma of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1. Astron. Astrophys. 484 (2008) 537-546
76. Harmon J.K., Nolan M.C., Ostro S.J., and Campbell D.B. Radar studies of comet nuclei and grain comae. In: Festou M.C., Keller H.U., and Weaver H.A. (Eds). Comets II (2005), University of Arizona Press, Tucson 265-279
77. Howell E.S., Lovell A.J., Nolan M.C., and Schloerb F.P. Recent observations of the 18-cm OH lines in bright comets with the Arecibo ALFA receiver. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 36 (2004) 1121
78. Howell E.S., Lovell A.J., Butler B., and Schloerb F.P. Radio OH observations of 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impact. Icarus 187 (2007) 228-239
79. Howell E.S., Nolan M.C., Harmon J.K., Lovell A.J., Benner L.A., Ostro S.J., Campbell D.B., and Margot J. Radar and radio observations of the fragmented comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 39 (2007) 486
80. Irvine W.M., and Schloerb F.P. Observations of deuterated molecules with the Large Millimeter Telescope. Planet. Space Sci. 50 (2002) 1179-1184
81. Irvine W.M., and Schloerb F.P. The Large Millimeter Telescope- El Gran Telescopio Milimetrico. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 37 (2005) 652
82. 15N ratio in comets 122P/1995 S1 (de Vico) and 153P/2002 C1 (Ikeya-Zhang). Astrophys. J. 613 (2004) L161-L164
83. Jewitt D., and Luu J. The submillimeter radio continuum of comet P/Brorsen-Metcalf. Astrophys. J. 365 (1990) 738-747
84. Jewitt D., and Luu J. Submillimeter continuum emission from comets. Icarus 100 (1992) 187-196
85. Jewitt D., and Matthews H. Particulate mass loss from comet Hale-Bopp. Astron. J. 117 (1999) 1056-1062
86. Jewitt D., Matthews H.E., Owen T., and Meier R. The 12C/13C, 14N/15N and 32S/ 34S isotope ratios in comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1). Science 278 (1997) 90-93
87. Jewitt D., Garland C.A., and Aussel H. Deep search for carbon monoxide in cometary precursors using millimeter wave spectroscopy. Astron. J. 135 (2008) 400-407
88. Jewitt D.C. Debris from comet P/Swift-Tuttle. Astron. J. 111 (1996) 1713-1717
89. Jewitt D.C., and Matthews H.E. Submillimeter continuum observations of comet Hyakutake (1196 B2). Astron. J. 113 (1997) 1145-1151
90. Jones P.A., Sarkissian J.M., Burton M.G., Voronkov M.A., and Filipović M.D. Radio observations of comet 9P/Tempel 1 with the Australia telescope facilities during the Deep Impact encounter. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 369 (2006) 1995-2000
91. Kobayashi H., Kawakita H., Mumma M.J., Bonev B.P., Watanabe J.-I., and Fuse T. Organic volatiles in comet 73P-B/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 observed during its outburst: a clue to the formation region of the Jupiter-family comets. Astrophys. J. 668 (2007) L75-L78
92. Lecacheux A., Biver N., Crovisier J., Bockelée-Morvan D., Baron P., Booth R.S., Encrenaz P., Florén H.-G., Frisk U., Hjalmarson Å., Kwok S., Mattila K., Nordh L., Olberg M., Olofsson A.O.H., Rickman H., Sandqvist A., von Schéele F., Serra G., Torchinsky S., Volk K., and Winnberg A. Observations of water in comets with Odin. Astron. Astrophys. 402 (2003) L55-L58
93. Lellouch E. Chemistry induced by the impacts: observations. In: Noll K.S., Weaver H.A., and Feldman P.D. (Eds). The Collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 and Jupiter (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 213-242
94. Levison, H.F., 1996. Comet taxonomy. In: Rettig, T., Hahn, J.M. (Eds.), ASP Conference Series 107: Completing the Inventory of the Solar System, pp. 173-191.
95. Lis D.C., Bockelée-Morvan D., Boissier J., Crovisier J., Biver N., and Charnley S.B. Hydrogen isocyanide in comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann (fragment B). Astrophys. J. 695 (2008) 931-936
96. Lovell A.J., Howell E.S., and Schloerb F.P. Spectral line mapping observations of 18-cm OH lines in comets. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 34 (2002) 869
97. Lovell A.J., Howell E.S., Marine H., Butler B.J., and Schloerb F.P. OH radio mapping observations of comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38 (2006) 490
98. Lowry S., Fitzsimmons A., Lamy P., and Weissman P. Kuiper belt objects in the planetary region: the Jupiter-family comets. In: Barucci M.A., Boehnhardt H., Cruikshank D.P., and Morbidelli A. (Eds). The Solar System beyond Neptune (2008), University of Arizona Press, Tucson 397-410
99. Manfroid J., Jehin E., Hutsemékers D., Cochran A., Zucconi J.-M., Arpigny C., Schulz R., and Stüwe J.A. Isotopic abundance of nitrogen and carbon in distant comets. Astron. Astrophys. 432 (2005) L5-L8
100. Marsden, B., 2008. The orbital properties of Jupiter family comets. Planet. Space Sci., this issue.
101. Meech, K.J., Ageorges, N., A'Hearn, M.F., and a Host of Colleagues, 2005. Deep Impact: observations from a worldwide Earth-based campaign. Science 310, 265-269.
102. Milam, S.N., Apponi, A.J., Ziurys, L.M., Wyckoff, S., 2006. Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann. IAU Circular 8702.
103. Morbidelli A. Comets and their reservoirs: current dynamics and primordial evolution. In: Jewitt D., Morbidelli A., and Rauer H. (Eds). Trans-Neptunian Objects and Comets (2008), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 79-163
104. Morbidelli A., Levison H.F., and Gomes R. The dynamical structure of the Kuiper belt and its primordial origin. In: Barucci M.A., Boehnhardt H., Cruikshank D.P., and Morbidelli A. (Eds). The Solar System beyond Neptune (2008), University of Arizona Press, Tucson 275-292
105. Moreno R., Marten A., Matthews H.E., and Biraud Y. Long-term evolution of CO, CS and HCN in Jupiter after the impacts of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. Planet. Space Sci. 51 (2003) 591-611
106. Mumma M.J., DiSanti M.A., Dello Russo N., Magee-Sauer K., and Rettig T.W. Detection of CO and ethane in comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner: evidence for variable chemistry in the outer Solar Nebula. Astrophys. J. 531 (2000) L155-L159
107. Mumma M.J., Disanti M.A., Dello Russo N., Magee-Sauer K., Gibb E., and Novak R. The organic volatile composition of Oort cloud comets: evidence for chemical diversity in the giant-planets' nebular region. In: Warmbein B. (Ed). ESA SP-500: Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors (2002), ACM, New York 753-762
108. Neufeld D.A., Stauffer J.R., Bergin E.A., Kleiner S.C., Patten B.M., Wang Z., Ashby M.L.N., Chin G., Erickson N.R., Goldsmith P.F., Harwit M., Howe J.E., Koch D.G., Plume R., Schieder R., Snell R.L., Tolls V., Winnewisser G., Zhang Y.F., and Melnick G.J. Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite observations of water vapor toward comet C/1999 H1 (Lee). Astrophys. J. 539 (2000) L151-L154
109. Noll K.S., Weaver H.A., and Feldman P. The Collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 and Jupiter (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
110. Norris R.P., Forster J.R., and Duncan R.A. Detection of OH maser emission from comet Giacobini-Zinner. Proc. Astron. Soc. Aust. 6 (1985) 180-181
111. Rauer H., Biver N., Crovisier J., Bockelée-Morvan D., Colom P., Despois D., Ip W.-H., Jorda L., Lellouch E., Paubert G., and Thomas N. Millimetric and optical observations of Chiron. Planet. Space Sci. 45 (1997) 799-805
112. Schleicher D.G., and A'Hearn M.F. The fluorescence of cometary OH. Astrophys. J. 331 (1988) 1058-1077
113. Schloerb F.P. Collisional quenching of cometary emission in the 18 centimeter OH transitions. Astrophys. J. 332 (1988) 524-530
114. Sekanina Z. Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann: nucleus fragmentation, its light-curve signature, and close approach to Earth in 2006. Int. Comet Q. 27 (2005) 225-240
115. Senay M.C., and Jewitt D. Coma formation driven by carbon-monoxide release from comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 1. Nature 371 (1994) 229-231
116. Snyder L.E. A review of radio observations of comets. Icarus 51 (1982) 1-24
117. Soderblom L.A., Becker T.L., Bennett G., Boice D.C., Britt D.T., Brown R.H., Buratti B.J., Isbell C., Giese B., Hare T., Hicks M.D., Howington-Kraus E., Kirk R.L., Lee M., Nelson R.M., Oberst J., Owen T.C., Rayman M.D., Sandel B.R., Stern S.A., Thomas N., and Yelle R.V. Observations of comet 19P/Borrelly by the miniature integrated camera and spectrometer aboard Deep Space 1. Science 296 (2002) 1087-1091
118. Tacconi-Garman L.E., Schloerb F.P., and Claussen M.J. High spectral resolution observations and kinematic modeling of the 1667 MHz hyperfine transition of OH in Comets Halley (1982i), Giacobini-Zinner (1984e), Hartley-Good (1985l), Thiele (1985m), and Wilson (1986l). Astrophys. J. 364 (1990) 672-686
119. Tozzi, G.P., Palagi, F., Codella, C., Poppi, S., Crovisier, J., 2009. Search for ammonia radio emission in comet 9P/Tempel 1 after the Deep Impact event. In: Sterken, C., Käufl, H.U. (Eds.), Deep Impact as a World Observatory Event: Synergies in Space, Time and Wavelength. ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Springer, Berlin, pp. 277-282.
120. Turner B.E. Detection of OH at 18-centimeter wavelength in comet Kohoutek (1973f). Astrophys. J. 189 (1974) L137-L139
121. Villanueva G., Mumma M.J., Bonev B.P., Drahus M., Paganini L., Kueppers M., DiSanti M.A., Magee-Sauer K., Hartogh P., Jarchow C., Milam S., and Ziurys L.M. Submillimeter molecular observations of the split ecliptic comet 73P/Schwassman-Wachmann 3. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38 (2006) 485
122. Weaver H.A., Chin G., Bockelée-Morvan D., Crovisier J., Brooke T.Y., Cruikshank D.P., Geballe T.R., Kim S.J., and Meier R. An infrared investigation of volatiles in comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner. Icarus 142 (1999) 482-497
123. Webber J.C., and Snyder L.E. Detection of radio OH in periodic comet d'Arrest. Astrophys. J. 214 (1977) L45-L46
124. Webber J.C., Snyder L.E., and Ensinger J. Observations of radio OH in periodic comet Encke. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 9 (1977) 564
125. Womack, M., Stern, S.A., 1995. (2060) Chiron = comet 95P/Chiron. IAU Circular 6193.
126. Womack M., and Stern S.A. The detection of carbon monoxide gas emission in (2060) Chiron. Astron. Vest. 33 (1999) 216-221 (in Russian)
127. Woodney, L.M., Owen, T.C., Fernandez, Y.R., 2003. Comet 2P/Encke. IAU Circular 8239.
128. Woodney L.M., Fernandez Y.R., and Owen T.C. Measuring HCN in comet 2P/Encke. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 36 (2004) 1146
129. Zakharov V., Bockelée-Morvan D., Biver N., Crovisier J., and Lecacheux A. Radiative transfer simulation of water rotational excitation in comets. Comparison of the Monte Carlo and escape probability methods. Astron. Astrophys. 473 (2007) 303-310
130. Ziurys L.M., Savage C., Brewster M.A., Apponi A.J., Pesch T.C., and Wyckoff S. Cyanide chemistry in comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1). Astrophys. J. 527 (1999) L67-L71