Terminology of long-term geomorphology: A Scandinavian perspective

Progress in Physical Geography

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 163-182

  Ebert, Karin ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Base level surface; Long term geomorphology; Preglacial; Relict; Scandinavia; Terminology

Indexed keywords

GEOMORPHOLOGY; GLACIAL LANDFORM; ICE SHEET; LANDFORM EVOLUTION; LONG-TERM CHANGE; REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY; TERMINOLOGY;

EURASIA; EUROPE; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 67650504657     PISSN: 03091333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0309133309338138     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Adams, G.F., editor 1975: Planation surfaces. Peneplains, pediplains, and etchplains. Benchmark Papers in Geology 22. Stroudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchington and Ross, 476 pp.
2. Ahlmann, H.W. 1919: Geomorphological studies in Norway. Geografiska Annaler 1, 1-148; 193-252.
3. Ahnert, F. 1998: Introduction to geomorphology. London: Arnold, 352 pp.
4. André, M.-F. 2004: The geomorphic impact of glaciers as indicated by tors in North Sweden (Aurivaara, 68°N). Geomorphology 57, 403-21.
5. Aylsworth, J.M. and Shilts, W.W. 1989: Bedforms of the Keewatin Ice Sheet, Canada. Sedimentary Geology 62, 407-28.
6. Benito-Calvo, A. and Pérez-González, A. 2007: Erosion surfaces and Neogene landscape evolution in the NE Duero Basin (north-central Spain). Geomorphology 88, 226-41.
7. Bishop, P. 2007: Long-terL landscape evolution: linking tectonics and surface processes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32, 329-65.
8. Bloom, A.L. 2002: Teaching about relict, no-analog landscapes. Geomorphology 93, 303-11.
9. Bonow, J.M. 2004: Palaeosurfaces and palaeovalleys on North Atlantic previously glaciated passive margins. Reference forms for conclusions on uplift and erosion. Dissertation Series no. 30. Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University.
10. Bonow, J.M., Lidmar-Bergström, K. and Näslund, J.-O. 2003: Palaeosurfaces and major valleys in the area of the Kjølen Mountains, southern Norway - consequences of uplift and climatic change. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 57, 83-101.
11. Bouchard, M. and Jolicoeur, S. 2000: Chemical weathering studies in relation to geomorphological research in southeastern Canada. Geomorphology 32, 213-38.
12. Bouchard, M., Jolicoeur, S. and Pierre, G. 1995: Characteristics and significance of two pre-late Wisconsian weathering profiles (Adirondacks, USA and Miramichi Highlands, Canada). Geomorphology 12, 75-89.
13. Boulton, G.S. and Clark, C.D. 1990: A highly mobile Laurentide Ice-Sheet revealed by satellite images of glacial lineations. Nature 346, 813-17.
14. Büdel, J. 1957: Die 'Doppelten Einebnungsflächen' in den feuchten Tropen (The 'double planation surfaces' in the humid tropics). Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie NF 1, 201-28.
15. Büdel, J. 1977: Climatic geomorphology (translated by L. Fischer and D. Busche, 1982). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 443 pp.
16. Chalmers, R. 1898: The pre-glacial decay of rocks in eastern Canada. American Journal of Science 4-5, 273-382.
17. Clague, J.J. and Slaymaker, O. 2000: Canadian geomorphology 2000: introduction. Geomorphology 32, 203-11.
18. Clarhäll, A. and Kleman, J. 1999: Distribution and glaciological implications of relict surfaces on the Ultevis Plateau, northwestern Sweden. Annals of Glaciology 28, 202-208.
19. Coltorti, M. and Pieruccini, P. 2000: A later Lower Pliocene planation surface across the Italian Peninsula: A key tool in neotectonic studies. Journal of Geodynamics 29, 323-28.
20. Davis, W.M. 1899a: The geographical cycle. Geographical Journal 14, 481-504.
21. Davis, W.M. 1899b: The peneplain. American Geologist 22(B), 207-39.
22. de Angelis, H. 2007: Palaeo-ice streams in the north-eastern Laurentide Ice Sheet. Doctoral dissertation no. 9, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University.
23. Doré, A.G., Cartwright, J.A., Stoker, M.S., Turner, J.P. and White, N.J., editors 2002: Exhumation of the North Atlantic margin: timings, mechanisms, and implications for petroleum exploration. Special Publication 196. London: Geological Society, 494 pp.
24. Dyke, A.S. 1993: Landscapes of cold-centred late Wisconsinan ice caps, Arctic Canada. Progress in Physical Geography 17, 223-47.
25. Ebert, K. and Kleman, J. 2004: Circular moraine features on the Varanger Peninsula, northern Norway, and their possible relation to polythermal ice sheet coverage. Geomorphology 62, 159-68.
26. Fabel, D., Fink, D., Fredin, O., Harbor, J., Land, H. and Stroeven, A.P. 2006: Exposure ages from relict lateral moraines overridden by the Fennoscandian ice sheet. Quaternary Research 56, 136-46.
27. Fairbridge, R.W. and Finkl, C.W. 1979: Cratonic erosional unconformities and peneplains. Journal of Geology 88, 69-86.
28. Fjellanger, J. and Etzelmüller, B. 2003: Stepped Palaeosurfaces in southern Norway - interpretation of DEM-derived topographic profiles. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 57, 102-10.
29. Follestad, B.A. 1990: Block fields, ice-flow directions and the Pleistocene ice sheet in Nordmore and Romsdal, West Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 70, 27-33.
30. Frisch, W., Kuhlemann, J., Dunkl, I. and Székely, B. 2001: The Dachstein Palaeosurface and the Augenstein Formation in the Northern Calcareous Alps - a mosaic stone in the geomorphological evolution of the Eastern Alps. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau) 90, 500-18.
31. Galli-Olivier, C. 1967: Pediplain in Northern Chile and the Andean Uplift. Science 158, 653-55.
32. Gjessing, J. 1967: Norway's paleic surface. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift 21, 69-132.
33. Gunnell, Y., Braucher, R., Bourlès, C. and André, G. 2007: Quantitative and qualitative insights into bedrock landform erosion on the South Indian craton using cosmogenic nuclide and apatite fission tracks. Geological Society of America Bulletin 119, 576-85.
34. Hättestrand, C. and Stroeven, A.P. 2002: A relict landscape in the centre of Fennoscandian glaciation: Geomorphological evidence of minimal Quaternary glacial erosion. Geomorphology 44, 127-43.
35. Hendriks, B. 2003: Cooling and denudation of the Norwegian and Barents Sea margins, northern Scandinavia. Constrained by apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He thermochronology. PhD thesis, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
36. Hendriks, B.W.H. and Andriessen, P.A.M. 2002: Style and timing of post-Caledonian exhumation of northern Scandinavia constrained by apatite fission track thermochronology. In Doré, A.G., Cartwright, J.A., Stoker, M.S., Turner, J.P. and White, N.J., editors, Exhumation of the North Atlantic margin: Timings, mechanisms, and implications for petroleum exploration, Special Publication 196, London: Geological Society, 117-37.
37. Högbom, A.G. and Ahlström, N.G. 1924: Über die subkambrische Landfläche am Fusse vom Kinnekulle (About the sub-Cambrian land surface at the foot of Kinnekulle). Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala 19, 55-88.
38. Holmlund, P. and Näslund, J.-O. 1994: The glacially sculptured landscape in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, formed by wet-based mountain-glaciation and not by the present ice sheet. Boreas 23, 139-48.
39. Hugget, R.J. 2003: Fundamentals of geomorphology. London: Routledge, 386 pp.
40. Hughes, P.D., Gibbard, P.L. and Woodward, J.C. 2003: Relict rock glaciers as indicators of Mediterranean palaeoclimate during the Last Glacial Maximum (Late Würmian) in northwest Greece. Journal of Quaternary Science 18, 431-40.
41. Ives, J.D. 1966: Block fields, associated weathering forms on mountain tops and the Nunatak Hypothesis. Geografiska Annaler 48A, 220-23.
42. Jansson, K.N. 2002: Glacial geomorphology of north-central Labrador-Ungava, Canada. Doctoral dissertation no. 24, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University.
43. Jansson, K.N. and Lidmar-Bergström, K. 2004: Observations on weathering forms at the Caniapiscau Reservoir, north-central Québec, Canada. The Canadian Geographer 48, 1-10.
44. Johansson, M. 1999: Analysis of digital elevation data for palaeosurfaces in south-western Sweden. Geomorphology 26, 279-95.
45. Johansson, M., Olvmo, M. and Lidmar-Bergström, K. 2001: Inherited landforms and glacial impact of different palaeosurfaces in southwest Sweden. Geografiska Annaler 83A, 1-2.
46. Jutras, P. and Schroeder, J. 1999: Geomorphology of an exhumed carboniferous palaeosurface in the southern Gaspé Peninsula, Québec: Paleoenvironmental and tectonic implications. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 53, 249-63.
47. King, L.C. 1948: A theory of bornhardts. The Geographical Journal 112, 83-87.
48. King, L.C. 1953: Canons of landscape evolution. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 64, 721-52.
49. Kleman, J. 1994: Preservation of landforms under ice sheets and ice caps. Geomorphology 9, 19-332.
50. Kleman, J. and Borgström, I. 1990: The boulder fields of Mt. Fulufjället, west-central Sweden - Late Weichselian boulder blankets and interstadial periglacial phenomena. Geografiska Annaler 72A, 63-78.
51. Kleman, J. and Borgström, I. 1994: Glacial land forms indicative of a partly frozen bed. Journal of Glaciology 40, 255-64.
52. Kleman, J. and Hättestrand, C. 1999: Frozen-bed Fennoscandian and Laurentide ice sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature 402, 63-66.
53. Kleman, J. and Stroeven, A.P. 1997: Preglacial surface remnants and Quaternary glacial regimes in northwestern Sweden. Geomorphology 19, 35-54.
54. Lagerbäck, R. 1988: The Veiki moraines in northern Sweden - widespread evidence of an Early Weichselian deglaciation. Boreas 17, 469-86.
55. Lasalle, P. and de Kimpe, C.R. 1989: Saprolites and related materials in Québec. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementband 72, 139-47.
56. Lidmar-Bergström, K. 1982: Pre-Quaternary geomorphological evolution in southern Fennoscandia. Meddelanden från Lunds Universitets Geografiska Institution, Avhandlingar 91/Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C785, 202 pp.
57. Lidmar-Bergström, K. 1988: Denudation surfaces of a shield area in south Sweden. Geografiska Annaler 70A, 337-50.
58. Lidmar-Bergström, K. 1995a: Preglacial landforms - an introduction. Geomorphology 12, 1-2.
59. Lidmar-Bergström, K. 1995b: Relief and saprolites through time on the Baltic Shield. Geomorphology 12, 45-61.
60. Lidmar-Bergström, K. 1996: Long term morphotectonic evolution in Sweden. Geomorphology 16, 33-59.
61. Lidmar-Bergström, K. 1997: A long-time perspective on glacial erosion. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22, 297-306.
62. Lidmar-Bergström, K. and Näslund, J.O. 2002: Landforms and uplift in Scandinavia. In Doré, A.G., Cartwright, J.A., Stoker, M.S., Turner, J.P. and White, N.J., editors, Exhumation of the North Atlantic margin: Timings, mechanisms, and implications for petroleum exploration, Special Publication 196, London: Geological Society, 103-16.
63. Lidmar-Bergström, K., Näslund, J.-O., Ebert, K., Neubeck, T. and Bonow, J.M. 2007: Cenozoic landscape development on the passive margin of northern Scandinavia. Norwegian Journal of Geology 87, 181-96.
64. Lidmar-Bergström, K., Ollier, C.D. and Sulebak, J.R. 2000: Landforms and uplift history of southern Norway. Global and Planetary Change 24, 211-31.
65. Machaček, F. 1908: Geomorphologische Studien aus dem Norwegischen Hochgebirge (Geomorphologic studies from the Norwegian high mountain area). Abhandlungen der K. K. Geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien 7, 1-58.
66. Magnusson, S.E. and Lidmar-Bergström, K. 1988: Fossila vittringsformer från krittiden på Kjugekull (Fossil weathering forms from the Cretaceous on the hill Kjugekull). Svensk Geografisk Årsbok 59, 124-37.
67. Näslund, J.O. 1997: Subglacial preservation of valley morphology at Amundsizen, western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22, 441-55.
68. Näslund, J.O., Rodhe, L., Fastook, J.L. and Holmlund, P. 2003: New ways of studying ice sheet flow directions and glacial erosion by computer modelling - examples from Fennoscandia. Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 245-58.
69. Nesje, A., Dahl, S.O., Valen, V. and vstedal, J. 1992: Quaternary erosion in the Sognefjord drainage basin, western Norway. Geomorphology 5, 511-20.
70. Ollier, C.D. 1960: The inselbergs of Uganda. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 4, 43-52.
71. Ollier, C.D. 1991: Ancient landforms. London: Belhaven Press, 233 pp.
72. Olvmo, M., Lidmar-Bergström, K. and Lindberg, G. 1999: The glacial impact on an exhumed sub-Mesozoic etch surface in southwestern Sweden. Annals of Glaciology 28, 153-60.
73. Osborne, R.A.L. and Branagan, D.F. 1988: Karst landscapes of New South Wales, Australia. Earth Science Reviews 25, 467-80.
74. Paasche, Ø., Strømsøe, J.R., Dahl, S.O. and Linge, H. 2006: Weathering characteristics of arctic islands in northern Norway. Geomorphology 82, 430-52.
75. Penck, W. 1924: Die morphologische Analyse (The morphological analysis). Stuttgart: Engelhorn.
76. Peulvast, J.-P. 1985a: Le bourrelet scandinave et les Calédonides: Un essai de reconstruction des modalités de la morphogenèse en Norvège (The Scandinavian bead and the Caledonides: An attempt to reconstruct the way of morphogenesis in Norway). Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 32, 295-320.
77. Peulvast, J.-P. 1985b: Postorogenic morphotectonic evolution of the Scandinavian Caledonides during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. In Gee, D.G. and Sturt, B.A., editors, The Caledonide orogen - Scandinavia and Related areas, Chichester: Wiley, 979-95.
78. Peulvast, J.-P. and de Claudino Sales, V. 2004: Stepped surfaces and palaeolandforms in the northern Brazilian «Nordeste»: contraints on models of morphotectonic evolution. Geomorphology 62, 89-122.
79. Phillips, J.D. 2002: Erosion, isostatic response, and the missing peneplains. Geomorphology 45, 225-41.
80. Prest, V.K., Grant, D.R. and Rampton, V.N. 1968: Glacial map of Canada. Map 1253A, scale 1:5,000,000. Ottawa: Geological Survey of Canada.
81. Reusch, H. 1901: Nogle bidrag til forstaaelsen af, hvorledes Norges dale och fjelde er blevne til (Some contributions to the understanding of how Norway's valleys and mountains developed). Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 32, 124-263.
82. Riding, R., Braga, J.C. and Martín, J.M. 1999: Late Miocene Mediterranean desiccation: Topography and significance of the 'Salinity Crisis' erosion surface on-land in southeast Spain. Sedimentary Geology 123, 1-7.
83. Riis, F. 1996: Quantification of Cenozoic vertical movements of Scandinavia by correlation of morphological surfaces with offshore data. Global and Planetary Change 12, 331-57.
84. Riis, F. and Fjeldskaar, W. 1992: On the magnitude of the late tertiary and quaternary erosion and its significance for the uplift of Scandinavia and the Barents Sea. In Larsen, R.M., Brekke, H., Larsen, B.T. and Talleraas, E., editors, Structural and tectonic modelling and its application to petroleum geology, NPF Special Publication, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 163-85.
85. Rudberg, S. 1954: VästerbotteEs berggrundsmorfologi: ett försök till rekonstruktion av preglaciala erosions generationer i Sverige (Bedrock geomorphology of Västerbotten: An attempt to reconstruct preglacial erosion generations in Sweden). Geographica 25.
86. Stanford, S.D., Seidl, M.A. and Ashley, A.M. 2000: Exposure age and erosional history of an upland planation surface in the US Atlantic Piedmont. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25, 939-50.
87. Stroeven, A.P., Fabel, D., Hättestrand, C. and Harbor, J. 2002: A relict landscape in the centre of Fennoscandian glaciation: Cosmogenic radionuclide evidence of tors preserved through multiple glacial cycles. Geomorphology 44, 145-54.
88. Strøm, K. 1948: The geomorphology of Norway. Geographical Journal 112, 19-27.
89. Sugden, D.E. 1978: Glacial erosion by the Laurentide ice sheet. Journal of Glaciology 20, 367-90.
90. Sugden, D.E. and Watts, S.H. 1977: Tors, felsenmeer, and glaciation in northern Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 14, 2817-23.
91. Summerfield, M.A. 2000: Global geomorphology. Harlow: Longman, 537 pp.
92. Tarr, R.S. 1898: The peneplain. American Geologist 21, 351-70.
93. Thomas, D.S.G. and Goudie, A., editors 2000: The dictionary of Physical Geography. Oxford: Blackwell, 610 pp.
94. Thomas, M.F. 1974:ATropical geomorphology: a study of weathering and landform development in warm climates. London: Macmillan, 332 pp.
95. Thomas, M.F. 1989a: The role of etch processes in landform development. I. Etching concepts and their applications. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 33, 129-42.
96. Thomas, M.F. 1989b: The role of etch processes in landform development. II: Etching and the formation of relief. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 33, 257-74.
97. Thomas, M.F. 1994: GeomoAphology in the tropics: a study of weathering and denudation in low latitudes. Chichester: Wiley, 460 pp.
98. Twidale, C.R. 1976: On the survival of paleoforms. American Journal of Science 276, 77-95.
99. Twidale, C.R. 1997: Some receCtly developed landforms: climatic implications. Geomorphology 19, 349-65.
100. Twidale, C.R. 1999: LandTorms ancient and recent: the paradox. Geografiska Annaler 81A, 431-41.
101. Twidale, C.R. 2002: The two-stage concept of landform and landscape development involving etching: Origin, development and implications of an idea. Earth-Science Reviews 57, 37-74.
102. Twidale, C.R. 2003P The enigma of survival: problems posed by very old palaeosurfaces. Physical Geography 24, 26-60.
103. Watts, S.H. 1983: Weathering processes and products under arid arctic conditions. A study from Ellesmere Island, Canada. Geografiska Annaler 65A, 85-98.
104. Wayland, E.J. 1933: Peneplains and some other erosional platforms. Annual Report and Bulletin, Protectorate of Uganda Geological Survey, Department of Mines, Note 1, 77-79.
105. Whittow, J. 2000: The Penguin dictionary of Physical Geography. London: Penguin, 590 pp.
106. Widdowson,RM., editor 1997: Palaeosurfaces: recognition, reconstruction and palaeoenvironmental interpretation. Special Publication 120. London: Geological Society, 330 pp.
107. Wråk, W. 1908: Bidrag till Skandinaviens reliefkronologi (A contribution to the relief chronology of Scandinavia). Ymer 28, 141-91, 254-300.