Attracting females and racial/ethnic minorities to law enforcement

Journal of Criminal Justice

Volumn 37, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 333-341

  Jordan, William T ^a   Fridell, Lorie ^b   Faggiani, Donald ^c   Kubu, Bruce ^d  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY TEXARKANA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN OSHKOSH   (United States)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67650497443     PISSN: 00472352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.06.001     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Alpert G.P. Hiring and promoting police officers in small departments: The role of psychological testing. Criminal Law Bulletin 27 (1991) 261-269
2. Baker, A. (2002, May 17). Police dept. reports jump in applicants. New York Times, p. A20.
3. Baxley N. Recruiting officers in the new millennium. Law and Order 8 (2000) 371
4. Bernstein, M. (2001, January 19). Police rethink requirements. The Oregonian, p. B1.
5. Brand D. The future of law enforcement recruiting: The impact of Generation X. Police Chief 8 (1999) 53-63
6. Brandon H., and Lippman B. Surfing for success: Using the Web to improve recruitment. Police Chief 11 (2000) 37-41
7. Bromley B. Evaluating the use of the assessment center process for entry-level police officer selection in a medium sized police agency. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 10 (1996) 33-40
8. Brown J., and Heidensohn F. Gender and policing: Comparative perspectives (2000), St. Martin's Press, New York
9. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Law enforcement management and administrative statistics, 2000: Data for individual state and local agencies with 100 or more officers (2000), U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC
10. Butterfield, F. (2001, July 30). Urban police jobs are losing their appeal. New York Times, p. A8.
11. Campbell D.J., Christman B.D., and Feigelson M.E. Improving the recruitment of women in policing: An investigation of women's attitudes and job preferences (NCJ 186482). Police Chief 67 (2000) 18-28
12. Campbell, D. J., Christman, B. D., & Feigelson, M. E. (n.d.). Improving the recruitment of women in policing: An investigation of women's attitudes and job preferences. Unpublished manuscript, New York State Police, Albany.
13. Carter D.L., and Radelet L.A. The police and the community (1999), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
14. Cavanaugh M.E. Policing within a professional framework (2004), Pearson, Upper Saddle River, NJ
15. Center for Society, Law, and Justice. Understanding the recruitment and retention needs and challenges of the New Orleans Police Department (2004), University of New Orleans, Center for Society, Law and Justice and the Survey Research Center, New Orleans, LA (Report)
16. Charrier K. Marketing strategies for attracting and retaining Generation X police officers. Police Chief 12 (2000) 45-51
17. Chivers, C. J. (2000, September 28). Facing drop in applicants, police relax requirements: Rules on age and education are eased. New York Times, p. A27.
18. Chivers, C. J. (2001a, April 2). For Black officers, diversity has its limits. New YorkTimes, p. A18.
19. Chivers, C. J. (2001b, April 4). From court order to reality: A diverse Boston police force. New York Times, p. A16.
20. Crime Control Digest. (2001). Police chiefs try many recruiting strategies to boost applicant pool. Washington Crime News, 5, 1-2.
21. Crime Control Digest. (2003). Recruiting, retention problems grow for police departments. Washington Crime News, 35, 1-2.
22. Dantzker M.L. Understanding today's police. (2nd ed.) (2000), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
23. DeCicco D.A. Police officer candidate assessment and selection. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (2000, December) 1-6
24. Decker L.K., and Huckabee R.G. Raising the age and education requirements for police officers: Will too many women and minority candidates be excluded?. Policing 25 (2002) 789-802
25. Del Quentin, W. (2004, February 6). Drug past of police recruits debated. The Baltimore Sun, p. 1-A.
26. Dempsey J. An introduction to policing (1999), West/Wadsworth, Belmont, CA
27. Doerner W. Introduction to law enforcement: An insider's view (1997), Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston
28. Eisenberg T., and Scott E.L. Montgomery County Department of Police, evaluation of minority recruiting process, final report (2000), Personnel Performance, North Beach, MD
29. Eiserer, T. (2007, October 24). Dallas police ease hiring rules on drug use. Dallas Morning News. Retrieved October 24, 2007, from www.dallasnews.com
30. Fairfax County Police. Can you be a Fairfax County police officer? (2008). http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/police/police4a.htm Retrieved March 14, 2008, from http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/police/police4a.htm
31. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Background investigation: All FBI employees require clearance (2008). http://www.fbijobs.gov/52.asp Retrieved March 14, 2008, from http://www.fbijobs.gov/52.asp
32. Feldman, C. (2000, December 20). Rampart scandal causes a recruiting nightmare for LAPD [Television broadcast]. Los Angeles: Cable News Network.
33. Ferkenhoff, E. (2001, January 4). City works to win more recruits for police force. Chicago Tribune, p. B1.
34. Flynn, K. (2000, August 12). Exodus of officers has begun, New York police unions say. New York Times, p. A14.
35. Francis S.B. Ideal candidates: News/career academies. Community Links 8 1 (2001) 2-3
36. Fyfe J.J., Greene W.F., Walsh W.F., and McLaren R.C. Police administration. (5th ed.). (1997), McGraw Hill, New York
37. Hochstedler E., and Conley J.A. Explaining underrepresentation of Black officers in city police agencies. Journal of Criminal Justice 14 (1986) 319-328
38. Hoffman J. Turnover: The plague of small agencies. Law and Order (1993, June) 25-28
39. Hogue M.C., Black T., and Sigler R.T. The differential use of screening techniques in the recruitment of police officers. American Journal of Police 13 (1994) 113-124
40. Hoover L.T. Police recruitment in a booming economy. Police Forum 11 (2001, July) 1-11
41. International Association of Chiefs of Police. Women in policing: IACP, Gallup assess recruitment, promotion, retention issues. Police Chief 11 (1998) 36-40
42. Jones, R. L. (2001, December 28). Study of police recruiting cites discipline and academic faults. New York Times, p. A17.
43. Kaminski R.J. Police minority recruitment: Predicting who will say yes to an offer for a job as a cop. Journal of Criminal Justice 21 (1993) 395-409
44. Kenney D.J., and McNamara R.P. Police and policing: Contemporary issues. (2nd ed.). (1999), Praeger, Westport, CT
45. Koper C.S. Hiring and keeping police officers (2004, July), National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Washington, DC (NCJ 202289)
46. Langworthy R., Hughes T., and Sanders B. Law enforcement recruitment, selection and training: A survey of major police departments in the U.S (1995), Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Police Section, Washington, DC
47. Lifting age cap to widen recruit pool. (2003, October). Law Enforcement News, pp. 1, 7.
48. Milgram D. Recruiting women to policing: Practical strategies that work. Police Chief (2002, April) 23-29
49. National Center for Women and Policing. Equality denied: The status of women in policing (2000), Feminist Majority Foundation, Washington, DC
50. National Center for Women and Policing. (n.d.). Recruiting and retaining women: A self-assessment guide for law enforcement. Washington, DC: Author.
51. Nislow, J. (1999, October 31). Is anyone out there? Competition for new recruits keeps getting fiercer. Law Enforcement News, XXV, 520.
52. Osgood D.W. Poisson-based regression analysis of aggregate crime rates. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 16 (2000) 21-43
53. Reaves B.A., and Hickman M.J. Police departments in large cities, 1999-2000 (2002), U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC (NCJ 175703)
54. Reuland M.M., and Stedman J. Recruitment and selection for community policing: An analysis of organizational change (1998), Police Executive Research Forum, Washington, DC
55. Roberg R., Crank J., and Kuykendall J. Police and society. (2nd ed.). (1999), Roxbury, Los Angeles
56. Scrivner E. Innovations in police recruitment and hiring: Hiring in the spirit of service (2006), U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC. http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/ric/ResourceMain.aspx?RID=113 (NCJ 212981) Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Retrieved from http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/ric/ResourceMain.aspx?RID=113
57. Shusta R.M., Levine D.R., Harris P.R., and Wong H.Z. Multicultural assessment: Strategies for peacekeeping in a diverse society (1995), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
58. Sparger J.R., and Ciacopassi D.J. Copping out: Why police leave the force. In: Bennett R.R. (Ed). Police at work: Policy issues and analysis (1983), Sage, Beverly Hills, CA 107-124
59. Strawbridge, P., & Strawbridge, D. (1990). A networking guide to recruitment, selection, and probationary training of police officers in major departments of the United States. Unpublished report, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York.
60. Swope C. The short blue line. Governing (1999, November) 34-35
61. Taylor B., Kubu B., Fridell L., Rees C., Jordan T., and Cheney J. Cop crunch: Identifying strategies for dealing with the recruiting and hiring crisis in law enforcement (2005), National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC (NCJ 213800)
62. U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. Census 2000: Summary tape file 3-2000 (2000), Author, Washington, DC
63. U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor statistics: Unemployment data (2005). http://www.bls.gov/data/home.htm Retrieved March 29, 2005, from http://www.bls.gov/data/home.htm
64. Wilson, T., & Gregory, T. (2000, April 7). Facing a "short blue line" Chicago cops go recruiting. Chicago Tribune, p. B1.