Italiani brava gente? Fascist Italy's policy toward the Jews in the Balkans, April 1941-July 1943

European History Quarterly

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 213-240

  Rodogno, Davide ^a  

^a Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique Suisse   (France)

Author keywords

Balkan Peninsula; Fascist anti semitism; Fascist policies of occupations; Italo German relations

Indexed keywords

EID: 67650480750     PISSN: 02656914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0265691405051464     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Léon Poliakov and Jacques Sabille, Jews Under the Italian Occupation (Paris 1955), 157-8.
2. Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil (New York 1963).
3. Renzo de Felice, Storia degli ebrei italiani sotto il fascismo (Turin 1961).
4. Menachem Shelah, Un debito di gratitudine (Rome 1991).
5. Ivo Herzer, ed., The Italian Refuge. Rescue of the Jews during the Holocaust (Washington, DC 1989).
6. Jonathan Steinberg, All or Nothing. The Axis and the Holocaust, 1941-1943 (London 1990).
7. On Italian anti-Semitism: Michele Sarfatti, Gli ebrei nell'Italia fascista. Vicende, identità, persecuzione (Turin 2000);
8. and Enzo Collotti, Il fascismo e gli ebrei. Le leggi razziali in Italia (Rome 2004).
9. On racism (in English): Aaron Gillette, Racism in Fascist Italy (London 2002)
10. and Roberto Maiocchi, Scienza italiana e razzismo fascista (Florence 1999).
11. On fascist totalitarianism (in English), Emilio Gentile, The Italian Road to Totalitarianism (London 2004).
12. On fascist Italy concentration camps: Carlo Spartaco Capogreco, I campi del duce. L'internamento civile nell'Italia fascist (1940-1943) (Turin 2004).
13. Susan Zuccotti, The Italians and the Holocaust. Persecution, Rescue, Survival (New York 1987), 54.
14. Saul Friedländer, Nazi Germany and the Jews. Vol. I, The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939 (New York 1997).
15. Alberto Burgio, Nel nome della razza. Il razzismo nella storia d'Italia 1870-1945 (Bologna 1999).
16. Angelo Del Boca, 'Le leggi razziali nell'impero di Mussolini', in Angelo del Boca, Massimo Legnani and M.G. Rossi, eds, Il regime fascista. Storia e storiografia (Rome and Bari 1995).
17. Michele Sarfatti, 'La persecuzione degli ebrei in Italia dalle leggi razziali alla deportazione', in La persecuzione degli ebrei durante il fascismo. Le leggi del 1938 (Rome 1998), 81-110, 87-8.
18. Sarfatti, Gli ebrei nell'Italia fascista, op. cit., 163-4.
19. Renzo de Felice, Rosso e nero (Milan 1995), 161-2.
20. see also Omer Bartov, Hitler's Army (Oxford 1992).
21. Leszek A. Kosinski, 'International Migration of Yugoslavs during and Immediately after World War Two', East European Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1982), 183-98.
22. Klaus Voigt, Il rifugio precario. Gli esuli in Italia dal 1933 al 1945 (Florence 1996), 244.
23. Renzo de Felice, Mussolini l'alleato (Turin 1990), 826.
24. Ian Kershaw, '"Working Towards the Führer": Reflections on the Nature of the Hitler Dictatorship' in Ian Kershaw and Moshe Lewin, eds, Stalinism and Nazism: Dictatorships in Comparison (Cambridge 1998), 80-106.
25. Renzo de Felice, Storia degli ebrei italiani (5th edn, Turin 1993), 412:
26. Walter Laqueur, The Terrible Secret (London 1980);
27. Alberto Pirelli, Taccuini 1922-1943 (Bologna 1984), 364;
28. René Poznanski, 'Que savait-on dans le monde', in Stéphane Courtois and Adam Rayski, eds, Qui savait quoi? (Paris 1987), 24-37;
29. Zvi Loker, 'The Testimony of Dr Edo Neufeld: The Italians and the Jews of Croatia', Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1 (1993), 67-76.
30. Haijim Azer, President of the Jewish Community in Priština to Delasem, Genoa, 19 January 1942, Centro Bibliografico Unione Comunità Ebraiche Italiane, Delasem, file 44M: 'In Priština there are about 80 Jewish refugees, consisting of men, women, children and babies from many different places, many of whom arrived some months ago.'
31. Irene Grünbaum, Escape through the Balkans (Lincoln, NE 1996), 38: 'Yesterday there were people here in Tetovo who had fled from the Germans in Skopje, but they were arrested and sent back there.' We do not know to what extent the Italian authorities collaborated (or if they collaborated at all) with the Albanian authorities.
32. D. Petrović, 'La situation des Juifs dans le sud-est de la Serbie et en Macédoine annexés par la Bulgarie durant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale', Études Balkaniques, Vol. XXXIII, Nos 1-2 (1997), 28-37.
33. Aleksander Matkovski, 'The Destruction of Macedonian Jewry in 1943', Yad Washem Studies, Vol. 3 (1959), 203-58, 243: Those who were released from the camp on the grounds of being Italian or Albanian nationals - a total of 24 persons - had to leave Bulgarian territory. Some of them were deported by the police and others left voluntarily for Priština, which was then under Italian occupation.
34. Pièche to Gabap, Relazione sulla Macedonia Bulgara, 23 March 1943, USSME, M3, file 19.
35. Daniel Carpi, 'Notes on the History of the Jews in Greece during the Holocaust Period: The Attitude of the Italians, 1941-1943', in Festschrift in Honour of Dr George S. Wise (Tel Aviv 1981), 25-62,
36. reprinted in Italian with the addition of supporting documents as 'Nuovi documenti per la storia dell'Olocausto in Grecia - L'atteggiamento degli italiani 1941-1943', Michael, Vol. 7 (1981), 120-200;
37. Michaël Mohlo, Hommage aux victimes juives des nazis en Grèce (2nd rev. edn, Salonika 1973).
38. Steven Bowman, 'Jews in Wartime Greece', Jewish Social Studies, Vol. XLVII, No. 1 (1986), 45-62, 50-1.
39. Joseph Rochlitz, 'Excerpts from the Salonika Diary of Lucillo Merci (February-August 1943)', Yad Vashem Studies, Vol. 18 (1987), 293-323. According to Merci (entry for 29 April), the categories of Jews entitled to diplomatic protection, apart from Italian Jews, were: (1) Italian-born widows of Greek Jews; (2) women born in Italy and married to Greek Jews; (3) couples consisting of Jewish men and Aryan Italian women; and (4) all cases where there is no reasonable doubt as to the claim for citizenship. The instructions aim at facilitating the transfer of those falling within one of the above categories to Italy or to the Italian occupation zone.
40. Filippo Focardi and Lutz Klinkhammer, 'La questione dei 'criminali di guerra' italiani e una commissione d'inchiesta dimenticata', Contemporanea, Vol. 4, No. 3 (2000), 497-527.
41. Hans Woller, I conti con il fascismo. L'epurazione in Italia 1943-1948 (Bologna 1997).
42. Filippo Focardi, 'L'Italia fascista come potenza occupante nel giudizio dell'opinione pubblica italiana: la questione dei crimini di guerra', Qualestoria, Vol. XXXII, No. 1 (2002), 157-83.
43. Filippo Focardi, 'La memoria della guerra e il mito del "bravo italiano". Origine e affermazione di un autoritratto collettivo', Italia Contemporanea, Vols. 220-1 (2000) 393-99.
44. Nicola Gallerano, Memoria pubblica del fascismo e dell'antifascismo. Politiche della memoria (Rome 1993), 7-19.
45. Mimmo Franzinelli, Delatori. Spie e confidenti anonimi; l'arma segreta del regime fascista (Milan 2001), 18.
46. Davide Rodogno, Il nuovo ordine mediterraneo (Turin 2003), 536.