Effect of Transport Interval on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival in the OPALS Study: Implications for Triaging Patients to Specialized Cardiac Arrest Centers

Annals of Emergency Medicine

Volumn 54, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 248-255

  Spaite, Daniel W ^a   Stiell, Ian G ^b,c   Bobrow, Bentley J ^d   de Boer, Melanie ^a   Maloney, Justin ^e   Denninghoff, Kurt ^a   Vadeboncoeur, Tyler F ^f   Dreyer, Jonathan ^g   Wells, George A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^c OTTAWA HOSPITAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^d MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^f MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANADA; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; HEART ARREST; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; HEART VENTRICLE TACHYCARDIA; HUMAN; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT TRANSPORT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESUSCITATION; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

AGED; CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION; DECISION MAKING; EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; FEMALE; HEART ARREST; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; ONTARIO; OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); SURVIVAL RATE; TIME FACTORS; TRANSPORTATION OF PATIENTS; TRIAGE;

EID: 67650446885     PISSN: 01960644     EISSN: 10976760     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.11.020     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Sayre M.R., White L.J., Brown L.H., et al. The National EMS Research Agenda executive summary. Emergency medical services. Ann Emerg Med 40 (2002) 636-643
2. Maio R.F., Garrison H.G., Spaite D.W., et al. Emergency Medical Services Outcomes Project I (EMSOP I): prioritizing conditions for outcomes research. Ann Emerg Med 33 (1999) 423-432
3. Stiell I.G., Nesbitt L.P., Pickett W., et al. The Ontario Prehospital ALS (OPALS) Major Trauma Study: impact of advanced life-support on survival and morbidity. CMAJ 178 (2008) 1141-1152
4. Stiell I.G., Spaite D.W., Field B., et al. Advanced life support for out-of hospital respiratory distress. N Engl J Med 356 (2007) 2156-2164
5. Spaite D.W. The future of emergency care in the US: the Institute of Medicine Subcommittee on Prehospital Emergency Medical Services. Ann Emerg Med 48 (2006) 126-130
6. Eisenberg M.S., Horwood B.T., Cummins R.O., et al. Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a tale of 29 cities. Ann Emerg Med 19 (1990) 179-186
7. Nichol G., Detsky A.S., Stiell I.G., et al. Effectiveness of emergency medical services for victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 27 (1996) 700-710
8. Valenzuela T.D., Roe D.J., Nichol G., et al. Outcomes of rapid defibrillation by security officers after cardiac arrest in casinos. N Engl J Med 343 (2000) 1206-1209
9. Kellum M.J., Kennedy K.W., and Ewy G.A. Cardiocerebral resuscitation improves survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Med 119 (2006) 335-340
10. Bobrow B.J., Clark L.L., Ewy G.A., et al. Minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation by emergency medical services for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 299 (2008) 1158-1165
11. Kellermann A.L., Staves D.R., and Hackman B.B. In-hospital resuscitation following unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac life support: "heroic efforts" or an exercise in futility?. Ann Emerg Med 17 (1988) 589-594
12. Mackintosh A.F., Crabb M.E., Grainger R., et al. The Brighton resuscitation ambulances: review of 40 consecutive survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Br Med J 1 (1978) 115-118
13. Myerburg R.J., Conde C.A., Sung R.J., et al. Clinical, electrophysiologic and hemodynamic profile of patients resuscitated from prehospital cardiac arrest. Am J Med 68 (1980) 568-576
14. Szczygiel M., Wright R., Wagner E., et al. Prognostic indicators of ultimate long-term survival following advanced life support. Ann Emerg Med 10 (1981) 566-570
15. Marco C.A. Resuscitation research: future directions and ethical issues. Acad Emerg Med 8 (2001) 839-843
16. Herlitz J., Ekstriim L., Axelssona A., et al. Continuation of CPR on admission to emergency department after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: occurrence, characteristics and outcome. Resuscitation 33 (1997) 223-231
17. Thel M.C., and O'Connor C.M. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: historical perspective to recent investigations. Am Heart J 137 (1999) 39-48
18. Peberdy M.A., and Ornato J.P. Post-resuscitation care: is it the missing link in the chain of survival?. Resuscitation 64 (2005) 135-137
19. Peberdy M.A., Kaye W., Ornato J.P., et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation of adults in the hospital: a report of 14720 cardiac arrests from the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Resuscitation 58 (2003) 297-308
20. Edgren E., Hedstrand U., Kelsey S., et al. Assessment of neurological prognosis in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Lancet 343 (1994) 1055-1059
21. Wijdicks E.F., Hijdra A., Young G.B., et al. Practice parameter: prediction of outcome in comatose survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 67 (2006) 203-210
22. Booth C.M., Boone R.H., Tomlinson G., et al. Is this patient dead, vegetative, or severely neurologically impaired?. assessing outcome for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. JAMA 291 (2004) 870-879
23. Bernard S.A., Gray T.W., Buist M.D., et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 346 (2002) 557-563
24. Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 346 (2002) 549-556
25. Herlitz J., Castren M., Fribergc H., et al. Post resuscitation care: what are the therapeutic alternatives and what do we know?. Resuscitation 69 (2006) 15-22
26. Langhelle A., Tyvold S.S., Lexow K., et al. In-hospital factors associated with improved outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a comparison between four regions in Norway. Resuscitation 56 (2003) 247-263
27. Engdahl J., Abrahamsson P., Bang A., et al. Is hospital care of major importance for outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?. experience acquired from patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitated by the same emergency medical service and admitted to one of two hospitals over a 16-year period in the municipality of Goteborg. Resuscitation 43 (2000) 201-211
28. Lurie K.G., Idris A., and Holcomb J.B. Level 1 cardiac arrest centers: learning from the trauma surgeons. [editorial]. Acad Emerg Med 12 (2005) 80-81
29. Davis D.P., Fisher R., Aguilar S., et al. The feasibility of a regional cardiac arrest receiving system. Resuscitation 74 (2007) 44-51
30. Stiell I.G., Spaite D.W., Wells G.A., et al. The Ontario Prehospital Advance Life Support (OPALS) Study: rationale and methodology for cardiac arrest patients. Ann Emerg Med 32 (1998) 180-190
31. Jacobs I., Nadkarni V., and Bahr J. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports-update and simplification of the Utstein templates for resuscitation registries: a statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation 110 (2004) 3385-3397
32. Stiell I.G., Wells G.A., Spaite D.W., et al. Modifiable factors associated with improved cardiac arrest survival in a multicenter BLS-D system: OPALS study phase I results. Ann Emerg Med 33 (1999) 54-59
33. Stiell I.G., Wells G.A., Field B.J., et al. Improved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival through the inexpensive optimization of an existing defibrillation program: OPALS Study Phase II. JAMA 281 (1999) 1175-1181
34. Stiell I.G., Wells G.A., Field B., et al. Advanced cardiac life support in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 351 (2004) 647-656
35. Stiell I.G., Nichol G., Wells G.A., et al. Health-related quality of life is better for cardiac arrest survivors who received citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 108 (2003) 1939-1944
36. Spaite D.W., Valenzuela T.D., Meislin H.W., et al. Prospective validation of a new model for evaluating EMS systems by in-field observation of specific time intervals in prehospital care. Ann Emerg Med 22 (1993) 638-645
37. Eckstein M., Stratton S., and Chan L. Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Evaluation in Los Angeles: CARE-LA. Ann Emerg Med 45 (2005) 504-509
38. Lombardi G., Gallagher E.J., and Gennis P. Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in New York City: the Pre-Hospital Arrest Survival Evaluation (PHASE) Study. JAMA 271 (1994) 678-685
39. Becker L.B., Ostrander L.P., Barrett J., et al. Outcome of CPR in a large metropolitan area-where are the survivors?. Ann Emerg Med 20 (1991) 355-361
40. Nolan J.P., Laver S.R., Welch C.A., et al. Outcome following admission to UK intensive care units after cardiac arrest: a secondary analysis of the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database. Anaesthesia 62 (2007) 1207-1216
41. Mashiko K., Otsuka T., Shimazaki S., et al. An outcome study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using the Utstein template-a Japanese experience. Resuscitation 55 (2002) 241-246
42. Herlitz J., Engdahl J., Svensson L., et al. Major differences in 1-month survival between hospitals in Sweden among initial survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 70 (2006) 404-409
43. Zandbergen E.G., de Haan R.J., Stoutenbeek C.P., et al. Systematic review of early prediction of poor outcome in anoxic-ischaemic coma. Lancet 352 (1998) 1808-1812
44. Zandbergen E.G., Hijdra A., Koelman J.H., et al. Prediction of poor outcome within the first 3 days of postanoxic coma. Neurology 66 (2006) 62-68
45. Plaisance P., Lurie K.G., Vicaut E., et al. A comparison of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation and active compression-decompression resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 341 (1999) 569-575
46. Oddo M., Schaller M., Feihl F., et al. From evidence to clinical practice: effective implementation of therapeutic hypothermia to improve patient outcome after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 34 (2006) 1865-1873
47. Belliard G., Cateza E., Charrona C., et al. Efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation 75 (2007) 252-259
48. Arrich J. Clinical application of mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 35 (2007) 1041-1047
49. Busch M., Soreide E., Lossius H.M., et al. Rapid implementation of therapeutic hypothermia in comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 50 (2006) 1277-1283
50. Nolan J.P., Morley P.T., Vanden Hoek T.L., et al. Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: ILCOR advisory statement. Resuscitation 57 (2003) 231-237
51. International Liaison Committee for Resuscitation. Postresuscitation support: consensus guidelines from ILCOR on emergency cardiac care and CPR. Circulation 112 suppl (2005) IV-84-IV-88
52. Abella B.S., Rhee J.W., Huang K.N., et al. Induced hypothermia is underused after resuscitation from cardiac arrest: a current practice survey. Resuscitation 64 (2005) 181-186
53. Merchant R.M., Soar J., Skrifvars M.B., et al. Therapeutic hypothermia utilization among physicians after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 34 (2006) 1935-1940
54. Borger van der Burg A.E., Bax J.J., Boersma E., et al. Impact of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting on outcome after nonfatal cardiac arrest outside the hospital. Am J Cardiol 91 (2003) 785-789
55. Spaulding C.M., Joly L.M., Rosenberg A., et al. Immediate coronary angiography in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 336 (1997) 1629-1633
56. Sunde K., Pytte M., Jacobsen D., et al. Implementation of a standardized treatment protocol for post resuscitation care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 73 (2007) 29-39
57. Zeiner A., Holzer M., Sterz F., et al. Hyperthermia after cardiac arrest is associated with an unfavorable neurologic outcome. Arch Intern Med 161 (2001) 2007-2012
58. Huang L., Weil M.H., Tang W., et al. Comparison between dobutamine and levosimendan for management of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Crit Care Med 33 (2005) 487-491
59. Ruiz-Bailen M., Aguayo de Hoyos E., Ruiz-Navarro S., et al. Reversible myocardial dysfunction after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 66 (2005) 175-181
60. Balan I.S., Fiskum G., Hazelton J., et al. Oximetry-guided reoxygenation improves neurological outcome after experimental cardiac arrest. Stroke 37 (2006) 3008-3013
61. Sung K., Lee Y.T., Park P.W., et al. Improved survival after cardiac arrest using emergent autopriming percutaneous cardiopulmonary support. Ann Thorac Surg 82 (2006) 651-656
62. Nichol G., Karmy-Jones R., Salerno C., et al. Systematic review of percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock states. Resuscitation 70 (2006) 381-394
63. Nagao K., Hayashi N., Kanmatsuse K., et al. Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation using emergency cardiopulmonary bypass, coronary reperfusion therapy and mild hypothermia in patients with cardiac arrest outside the hospital. J Am Coll Cardiol 36 (2000) 776-783
64. Oksanen T., Skrifvars M.B., Varpula T., et al. Strict versus moderate glucose control after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation. Intensive Care Med 33 (2007) 2093-2100
65. Aufderheide T.P., Sigurdsson G., Pirrallo R.G., et al. Hyperventilation-induced hypotension during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 109 (2004) 1960-1965
66. Lurie K.G. The impact of post-arrest care on outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (2007), Proceedings of the Resuscitation Science Sessions of the annual Scientific Assembly of the American Heart Association, Orlando, FL November 3-4
67. Mackenzie E.J., Rivara F.P., Jurkovich G.J., et al. A national evaluation of the effect of trauma center care on mortality. N Engl J Med 354 (2006) 366-374
68. Eastman A.B., Lewis F.R., Champion H.R., et al. Regional trauma system design: critical concepts. Am J Surg 154 (1987) 79-87
69. Spaite D.W., Bobrow B.J., Vadeboncoeur T.F., et al. The impact of prehospital transport interval on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: implications for regionalization of post-resuscitation care. Resuscitation 79 (2008) 61-66