Bladder cancer

Current Opinion in Oncology

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 272-277

  Bischoff, Carl J ^a   Clark, Peter E ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Bladder cancer; Diagnosis; Review; Treatment

Indexed keywords

BCG VACCINE; CISPLATIN; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; EPIRUBICIN; FENRETINIDE; GEMCITABINE; LACTOBACILLUS CASEI EXTRACT; METHOTREXATE; MITOMYCIN C; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; VINBLASTINE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; ADVANCED CANCER; BLADDER CANCER; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANCER INVASION; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CYSTECTOMY; CYSTOSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENT LIGHTING; HUMAN; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; METASTASIS; MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER; PELVIS EXENTERATION; PELVIS LYMPHADENECTOMY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; ROBOTICS; SUPERFICIAL CANCER; TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA; TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION; TUMOR RECURRENCE; URINE CYTOLOGY; WHITE LIGHT ENDOSCOPY; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; BLADDER TUMOR; DISEASE COURSE;

ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; NEOADJUVANT THERAPY; URINARY BLADDER NEOPLASMS;

EID: 67650369868     PISSN: 10408746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e328329f184     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008; 58:71-96.
2. Parkin DM. The global burden of urinary bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2008; 218 (Suppl):12-20.
3. Botteman MF, Pashos CL, Redaelli A, et al. The health economics of bladder cancer: a comprehensive review of the published literature. Pharmacoeconomics 2003; 21:1315-1330.
4. Grossman HB, Gomella L, Fradet Y, et al. A phase III, multicenter comparison of hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy and white light cystoscopy for the detection of superficial papillary lesions in patients with bladder cancer. J Urol 2007; 178:62-67.
5. Fradet Y, Grossman HB, Gomella L, et al. A comparison of hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy and white light cystoscopy for the detection of carcinoma in situ in patients with bladder cancer: a phase III, multicenter study. J Urol 2007; 178:68-73.
6. Denzinger S, Burger M, Walter B, et al. Clinically relevant reduction in risk of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence diagnosis: 8-year results of prospective randomized study. Urology 2007; 69:675-679.
7. Denzinger S, Wieland WF, Otto W, et al. Does photodynamic transurethral resection of bladder tumour improve the outcome of initial T1 high-grade bladder cancer? A long-term follow-up of a randomized study. BJU Int 2008; 101:566-569. This study demonstrated that fluorescence-assisted transurethral resection results in an increase in recurrence-free survival versus white-light-resected tumors; however, disease progression was not altered.
8. Halling KC, Kipp BR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization in diagnostic cytology. Hum Pathol 2007; 38:1137-1144.
9. Hajdinjak T. UroVysion FISH test for detecting urothelial cancers: metaanalysis of diagnostic accuracy and comparison with urinary cytology testing. Urol Oncol 2008; 26:646-651. This meta-analysis of UroVysion found the test to have a sensitivity and specificity of 72 and 83%, respectively.
10. Sarosdy MF, Schellhammer P, Bokinsky G, et al. Clinical evaluation of a multitarget fluorescent in situ hybridization assay for detection of bladder cancer. J Urol 2002; 168:1950-1954.
11. Herr HW, Donat SM, Reuter VE. Management of low grade papillary bladder tumors. J Urol 2007; 178:1201-1205.
12. Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, et al. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol 2006; 49:466-475.
13. Gupta A, Lotan Y, Bastian PJ, et al. Outcomes of patients with clinical T1 grade 3 urothelial cell bladder carcinoma treated with radical cystectomy. Urology 2008; 71:302-307.
14. Hall MC, Chang SS, Dalbagni G, et al. Guideline for the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (stages Ta, T1, and Tis): 2007 update. J Urol 2007; 178:2314-2330.
15. Divrik RT, Yildirim U, Zorlu F, Ozen H. The effect of repeat transurethral resection on recurrence and progression rates in patients with T1 tumors of the bladder who received intravesical mitomycin: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Urol 2006; 175:1641-1644.
16. Grimm MO, Steinhoff C, Simon X, et al. Effect of routine repeat transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer: a long-term observational study. J Urol 2003; 170:433-437.
17. Divrik T, Yildirim U, Eroglu AS, et al. Is a second transurethral resection necessary for newly diagnosed pT1 bladder cancer? J Urol 2006; 175:1258-1261.
18. Herr HW, Donat SM. A re-staging transurethral resection predicts early progression of superficial bladder cancer. BJU Int 2006; 97:1194-1198.
19. Schwaibold HE, Sivalingam S, May F, Hartung R. The value of a second transurethral resection for T1 bladder cancer. BJU Int 2006; 97:1199-1201.
20. Shariat SF, Palapattu GS, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Discrepancy between clinical and pathologic stage: impact on prognosis after radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 2007; 51:137-149.
21. Solsona E, Iborra I, Ricos JV, et al. Effectiveness of a single immediate mitomycin C instillation in patients with low risk superficial bladder cancer: short and long-term followup. J Urol 1999; 161:1120-1123.
22. Tolley DA, Hargreave TB, Smith PH, et al. Effect of intravesical mitomycin C on recurrence of newlydiagnosed superficial bladder cancer: interimreport fromthe Medical Research Council Subgroup on Superficial Bladder Cancer (Urological Cancer Working Party). Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988; 296:1759-1761.
23. Lamm DL, Blumenstein BA, Crissman JD, et al. Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for recurrent TA, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Urol 2000; 163:1124-1129.
24. Joudi FN, Smith BJ, O'Donnell MA. Final results from a national multicenter phase II trial of combination bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus interferon alpha-2B for reducing recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2006; 24:344-348.
25. Puri R, Palit V, Loadman PM, et al. Phase I/II pilot study of intravesical apaziquone (EO9) for superficial bladder cancer. J Urol 2006; 176:1344-1348.
26. van der Heijden AG, Moonen PM, Cornel EB, et al. Phase II marker lesion study with intravesical instillation of apaziquone for superficial bladder cancer: toxicity and marker response. J Urol 2006; 176:1349-1353.
27. Naito S, Koga H, Yamaguchi A, et al. Prevention of recurrence with epirubicin and Lactobacillus casei after transurethral resection of bladder cancer. J Urol 2008; 179:485-490.
28. Sabichi AL, Lerner SP, Atkinson EN, et al. Phase III prevention trial of fenretinide in patients with resected nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:224-229. Although well designed, this phase III randomized controlled trial failed to demonstrate any decrease in tumor recurrence with the use of oral fenretinide following transurethral resection.
29. Campodonico F, Mattioli F, Manfredi V, et al. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of an early single intravesical instillation of gemcitabine after endoscopic resection of superficial bladder cancer. Anticancer Res 2007; 27:1179-1183.
30. Gunelli R, Bercovich E, Nanni O, et al. Activity of endovesical gemcitabine in BCG-refractory bladder cancer patients: a translational study. Br J Cancer 2007; 97:1499-1504.
31. Maffezzini M, Campodonico F, Canepa G, et al. Short-schedule intravesical gemcitabine with ablative intent in recurrent Ta-T1, G1-G2, low- or intermediaterisk, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Eur Urol 2007; 51:956-961.
32. McKiernan JM, Masson P, Murphy AM, et al. Phase I trial of intravesical docetaxel in the management of superficial bladder cancer refractory to standard intravesical therapy. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:3075-3080.
33. Stein JP, Lieskovsky G, Cote R, et al. Radical cystectomy in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer: long-term results in 1054 patients. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:666-675.
34. Herr HW. Superiority of ratio based lymph node staging for bladder cancer. J Urol 2003; 169:943-945.
35. Herr HW, Bochner BH, Dalbagni G, et al. Impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol 2002; 167:1295-1298.
36. Kassouf W, Agarwal PK, Herr HW, et al. Lymph node density is superior to TNM nodal status in predicting disease-specific survival after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: analysis of pooled data from MDACC and MSKCC. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:121-126.
37. Kassouf W, Leibovici D, Munsell MF, et al. Evaluation of the relevance of lymph node density in a contemporary series of patients undergoing radical cystectomy. J Urol 2006; 176:53-57.
38. Stein JP, Cai J, Groshen S, Skinner DG. Risk factors for patients with pelvic lymph node metastases following radical cystectomy with en bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy: concept of lymph node density. J Urol 2003; 170:35-41.
39. Stein JP, Skinner DG. The role of lymphadenectomy in high-grade invasive bladder cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2005; 32:187-197.
40. Hautmann RE, Paiss T. Does the option of the ileal neobladder stimulate patient and physician decision toward earlier cystectomy? J Urol 1998; 159:1845-1850.
41. Lee CT, Madii R, Daignault S, et al. Cystectomy delay more than 3 months from initial bladder cancer diagnosis results in decreased disease specific and overall survival. J Urol 2006; 175:1262-1267.
42. Mahmud SM, Fong B, Fahmy N, et al. Effect of preoperative delay on survival in patients with bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy in Quebec: a population based study. J Urol 2006; 175:78-83.
43. Nielsen ME, Palapattu GS, Karakiewicz PI, et al. A delay in radical cystectomy of >3 months is not associated with a worse clinical outcome. BJU Int 2007; 100:1015-1020.
44. Hemal AK, Kolla SB. Comparison of laparoscopic and open radical cystoprostatectomy for localized bladder cancer with 3-year oncological followup: a single surgeon experience. J Urol 2007; 178:2340-2343.
45. Porpiglia F, Renard J, Billia M, et al. Open versus laparoscopy-assisted radical cystectomy: results of a prospective study. J Endourol 2007; 21:325-329.
46. Wang GJ, Barocas DA, Raman JD, Scherr DS. Robotic vs open radical cystectomy: prospective comparison of perioperative outcomes and pathological measures of early oncological efficacy. BJU Int 2008; 101:89-93.
47. Haber GP, Crouzet S, Gill IS. Laparoscopic and robotic assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a critical analysis. Eur Urol 2008; 54:54-62. This article reviewed data from 48 studies worldwide and demonstrated that MIS techniques were comparable to open surgery, including extended lymphadenectomy with regards to intermediate-term oncological outcomes.
48. Botto H, Sebe P, Molinie V, et al. Prostatic capsule- and seminal-sparing cystectomy for bladder carcinoma: initial results for selected patients. BJU Int 2004; 94:1021-1025.
49. Muto G, Bardari F, D'Urso L, Giona C. Seminal sparing cystectomy and ileocapsuloplasty: long-term followup results. J Urol 2004; 172:76-80.
50. Vallancien G, Abou El Fettouh H, Cathelineau X, et al. Cystectomy with prostate sparing for bladder cancer in 100 patients: 10-year experience. J Urol 2002; 168:2413-2417.
51. Pettus JA, Al-Ahmadie H, Barocas DA, et al. Risk assessment of prostatic pathology in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy. Eur Urol 2008; 53:370-375.
52. Danesi DT, Arcangeli G, Cruciani E, et al. Conservative treatment of invasive bladder carcinoma by transurethral resection, protracted intravenous infusion chemotherapy, and hyperfractionated radiotherapy: long term results. Cancer 2004; 101:2540-2548.
53. Efstathiou JA, Zietman AL, Kaufman DS, et al. Bladder-sparing approaches to invasive disease. World J Urol 2006; 24:517-529.
54. Pos F, Horenblas S, Dom P, et al. Organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: brachytherapy, an alternative to cystectomy and combined modality treatment? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 61:678-686.
55. Rö del C, Grabenbauer GG, Kuhn R, et al. Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: long-term results. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:3061-3071.
56. Rö del C, Weiss C, Sauer R. Organ preservation by combined modality treatment in bladder cancer: the European perspective. Semin Radiat Oncol 2005; 15:28-35.
57. Sauer R, Birkenhake S, Kuhn R, et al. Efficacy of radiochemotherapy with platin derivatives compared to radiotherapy alone in organ-sparing treatment of bladder cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 40:121-127.
58. Shipley WU, Kaufman DS, Zehr E, et al. Selective bladder preservation by combined modality protocol treatment: long-term outcomes of 190 patients with invasive bladder cancer. Urology 2002; 60:62-67; discussion 67-68.
59. Weiss C, Wolze C, Engehausen DG, et al. Radiochemotherapy after transurethral resection for high-risk T1 bladder cancer: an alternative to intravesical therapy or early cystectomy? J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:2318-2324.
60. Zietman AL, Grocela J, Zehr E, et al. Selective bladder conservation using transurethral resection, chemotherapy, and radiation: management and consequences of Ta, T1, and Tis recurrence within the retained bladder. Urology 2001; 58:380-385.
61. Vaughn DJ, Malkowicz SB. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2005; 32:231-237.
62. Winquist E, Kirchner TS, Segal R, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Urol 2004; 171:561-569.
63. Vale CL. Advanced Bladder Cancer Meta-analysis Collaboration. Adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer (individual patient data). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006:CD006018.
64. Ruggeri EM, Giannarelli D, Bria E, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy in muscleinvasive bladder carcinoma: a pooled analysis from phase III studies. Cancer 2006; 106:783-788.
65. Roberts JT, von der Maase H, Sengelov L, et al. Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine/cisplatin and methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin in patients with locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer. Ann Oncol 2006; 17 (Suppl 5):v118-v122.
66. von der Maase H, Sengelov L, Roberts JT, et al. Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:4602-4608.
67. Dash A, Galsky MD, Vickers AJ, et al. Impact of renal impairment on eligibility for adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer 2006; 107:506-513.
68. Bellmunt J, Paz-Ares L, Cuello M, et al. Gene expression of ERCC1 as a novel prognostic marker in advanced bladder cancer patients receiving cisplatinbased chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2007; 18:522-528.
69. Dreicer R, Li H, Cooney MM, et al. Phase 2 trial of pemetrexed disodium and gemcitabine in advanced urothelial cancer (E4802): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer 2008; 112:2671-2675.
70. Petrioli R, Frediani B, Manganelli A, et al. Comparison between a cisplatincontaining regimen and a carboplatin-containing regimen for recurrent or metastatic bladder cancer patients. A randomized phase II study. Cancer 1996; 77:344-351.
71. Bernardini S, Fauconnet S, Chabannes E, et al. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor as a prognostic factor in bladder cancer. J Urol 2001; 166:1275-1279.
72. Crew JP, O'Brien T, Bradburn M, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a predictor of relapse and stage progression in superficial bladder cancer. Cancer Res 1997; 57:5281-5285.
73. Sonpavde G, Ross R, Powles T, et al. Novel agents for muscle-invasive and advanced urothelial cancer. BJU Int 2008; 101:937-943. This article gives an overview of novel agents used alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic regimens in the setting of advanced bladder cancer.
74. Bellmunt J, Maroto P, Mellado J, et al. Phase II study of sunitinib as first line treatment in patients with advanced urothelial cancer ineligible for cisplatinbased chemotherapy [abstract no: 291]. In: 2008 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium; American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2008. Although preliminary, this study demonstrated a small but measurableRRat 3-month analysis in patients who were not eligible to receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy.