Increasing length of stay among adult visits to U.S. emergency departments, 2001-2005

Academic Emergency Medicine

Volumn 16, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 609-616

  Herring, Andrew ^a   Wilper, Andrew ^b,c   Himmelstein, David U ^b,c   Woolhandler, Steffie ^b,c   Espinola, Janice A ^d   Brown, David F M ^b,d   Camargo Jr , Carlos A ^b,d  

^a HIGHLAND HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c Cambridge Health Alliance ^*  (United States)

^d MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Crowding; Emergency service; Healthcare disparities trends; Hospital trends; Hospital utilization; Length of stay

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; EMERGENCY WARD; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HISPANIC; HUMAN; LENGTH OF STAY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK FACTOR; ULTRASOUND; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; AGED; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; LENGTH OF STAY; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 67650246652     PISSN: 10696563     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00428.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Institute of Medicine. Hospital-based Emergency Care: At the Breaking Point. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 2006.
2. American Hospital Association. TrendWatch Chartbook 2005. Available at: http://www.hospitalconnect. com/ahapolicyforum/trendwatch/chartbook2005. html. Accessed Mar 10, 2008.
3. Derlet R, Richards J, Kravitz R. Frequent overcrowding in U.S. emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med. 2001; 8:151-155 (Pubitemid 32125337)
4. Polevoi SK, Quinn JV, Kramer NR. Factors associated with patients who leave without being seen. Acad Emerg Med. 2005; 12:232-236 (Pubitemid 40248883)
5. Derlet RW, Richards JR. Overcrowding in the nation's emergency departments: complex causes and disturbing effects. Ann Emerg Med. 2000; 35:63-68 (Pubitemid 30659729)
6. Vieth TL, Rhodes KV. The effect of crowding on access and quality in an academic ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2006; 24:787-794 (Pubitemid 44693145)
7. Carr BG, Kaye AJ, Wiebe DJ, Gracias VH, Schwab CW, Reilly PM. Emergency department length of stay: a major risk factor for pneumonia in intubated blunt trauma patients. J Trauma. 2007; 63:9-12. (Pubitemid 47057554)
8. Liew D, Liew D, Kennedy MP. Emergency department length of stay independently predicts excess inpatient length of stay. Med J Aust. 2003; 179:524-526 (Pubitemid 37461075)
9. Chalfin DB, Trzeciak S, Likourezos A, Baumann BM, Dellinger RP. Impact of delayed transfer of critically ill patients from the emergency department to the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2007; 35:1477-1483 (Pubitemid 46809310)
10. Fatovich DM, Nagree Y, Sprivulis P. Access block causes emergency department overcrowding and ambulance diversion in Perth, Western Australia. Emerg Med J. 2005; 22:351-354
11. Schull MJ, Morrison LJ, Vermeulen M, Redelmeier DA. Emergency department overcrowding and ambulance transport delays for patients with chest pain. Can Med Assoc J. 2003; 168:277-283 (Pubitemid 36205194)
12. Kellermann AL. Crisis in the emergency department. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355:1300-1303
13. Kellermann AL. Defining the future of emergency care. Ann Emerg Med. 2006; 48:135-137
14. Diercks DB, Roe MT, Chen AY, et al. Prolonged emergency department stays of non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients are associated with worse adherence to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for management and increased adverse events. Ann Emerg Med. 2007; 50:489-496 (Pubitemid 47603257)
15. Schull MJ, Vermeulen MJ, Stukel TA. The risk of missed diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction associated with emergency department volume. Ann Emerg Med. 2006; 48:647-655 (Pubitemid 44738138)
16. Richardson DB. Increase in patient mortality at 10 days associated with emergency department overcrowding. Med J Aust. 2006; 184:213-216
17. Cowan RM, Trzeciak S. Clinical review: emergency department overcrowding and the potential impact on the critically ill. Crit Care. 2005; 9:291-295 (Pubitemid 40796807)
18. Higgins TL, McGee WT, Steingrub JS, Rapoport J, Lemeshow S, Teres D. Early indicators of prolonged intensive care unit stay: impact of illness severity, physician staffing, and pre-intensive care unit length of stay. Crit Care Med. 2003; 31:45-51. (Pubitemid 36151148)
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHAMCS description. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web site. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ about/major/ahcd/sampham.htm. Accessed May 8, 2008.
20. Gardner RL, Sarkar U, Maselli JH, Gonzales R. Factors associated with longer ED lengths of stay. Am J Emerg Med. 2007; 25:643-650 (Pubitemid 46990699)
21. Asplin BR, Magid DJ, Rhodes KV, Solberg LI, Lurie N, Camargo CA Jr. A conceptual model of emergency department crowding. Ann Emerg Med. 2003; 42:173-180 (Pubitemid 36899784)
22. Rathlev NK, Chessare J, Olshaker J, et al. Time series analysis of variables associated with daily mean emergency department length of stay. Ann Emerg Med. 2007; 49:265-271 (Pubitemid 46298618)
23. Rowe BH, Channan P, Bullard M, et al. Characteristics of patients who leave emergency departments without being seen. Acad Emerg Med. 2006; 13:848-852 (Pubitemid 44109978)
24. Miro O, Antonio MT, Jimenez S, et al. Decreased health care quality associated with emergency department overcrowding. Eur J Emerg Med. 1999; 6:105-107
25. Sprivulis PC, Da Silva JA, Jacobs IG, Frazer AR, Jelinek GA. The association between hospital overcrowding and mortality among patients admitted via Western Australian emergency departments. Med J Aust. 2006; 184:208-212
26. Hollander JE, Pines JM. The emergency department crowding paradox: the longer you stay, the less care you get. Ann Emerg Med. 2007; 50:497-499 (Pubitemid 47600385)
27. Gregory CJ, Marcin JP. Golden hours wasted: the human cost of intensive care unit and emergency department inefficiency. Crit Care Med. 2007; 35:1614-1615 (Pubitemid 46809330)
28. Lewin Group. Emergency Department Overload: A Growing Crisis-The Results of the American Hospital Association Survey of Emergency Department (ED) and Hospital Capacity. Falls Chuch, VA: American Hospital Association, 2002.
29. McConnell KJ, Richards CF, Daya M, Bernell SL, Weathers CC, Lowe RA. Effect of increased ICU capacity on emergency department length of stay and ambulance diversion. Ann Emerg Med. 2005; 45:471-478 (Pubitemid 40591772)
30. Lambe S, Washington DL, Fink A, et al. Trends in the use and capacity of California's emergency departments, 1990-1999. Ann Emerg Med. 2002; 39:389-396
31. Hampers LC, Cha S, Gutglass DJ, Binns HJ, Krug SE. Language barriers and resource utilization in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics. 1999; 103(6 Pt 1):1253-1256 (Pubitemid 29258802)
32. Weber EJ, Showstack JA, Hunt KA, et al. Are the uninsured responsible for the increase in emergency department visits in the United States? Ann Emerg Med. 2008; 52:108-115
33. Halpern NA, Bettes L, Greenstein R. Federal and nationwide intensive care units and healthcare costs: 1986-1992. Crit Care Med. 1994; 22:2001-2007
34. Bekes CE, Dellinger RP, Brooks D, Edmondson R, Olivia CT, Parrillo JE. Critical care medicine as a distinct product line with substantial financial profitability: the role of business planning. Crit Care Med. 2004; 32:1207-1214 (Pubitemid 38620992)
35. Merrill CT, Elixhauser A. Hospitalization in the United States, 2002: HCUP Fact Book No. 6. AHRQ Publication No. 05-0056. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2005.
36. Fields WW, Asplin BR, Larkin GL, et al. The emergency medical treatment and labor act as a federal health care safety net program. Acad Emerg Med. 2001; 8:1064-1069 (Pubitemid 33032295)
37. Wilper AP, Woolhandler S, Lasser KE, et al. Waits to see an emergency department physician: U.S. trends and predictors, 1997-2004. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008; 27:w84-95.