Sex ratios and survival probabilities of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in Southwest Colorado

Auk

Volumn 126, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 268-277

  Ortega, Joseph C ^a   Ortega, Catherine P ^a  

^a FORT LEWIS COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Brown headed Cowbird; Colorado; Demography; Mark recapture; Molothrus ater; Sex ratio; Survival probability

Indexed keywords

BIRD; BREEDING SEASON; DEMOGRAPHY; MARK-RECAPTURE METHOD; PARSIMONY ANALYSIS; PROBABILITY; SEX RATIO; SURVIVAL;

COLORADO; LA PLATA COUNTY; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

MOLOTHRUS; MOLOTHRUS ATER;

EID: 67650229871     PISSN: 00048038     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/auk.2009.07147     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. ALDERSON, G. W., H. L. GIBBS, AND S. G. SEALY. 1999. Determining the reproductive behaviour of individual Brown-headed Cowbirds using microsatellite DNA markers. Animal Behaviour 58:895-905.
2. ANDERS, A. D., AND D. C. DEARBORN. 2004. Population trends of the endangered Golden-cheeked Warbler at Fort Hood, Texas, from 1992-2001. Southwestern Naturalist 49:39-47.
3. ANDERSON, K. E., S. I. ROTHSTEIN, R. C. FLEISCHER, AND A. L. O'LOGHLEN. 2005. Large-scale movement patterns between song dialects in Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Auk 122:803-818.
4. COOCH, E., AND G. WHITE, EDS.2008. Program MARK: "A Gentle Introduction," 7th ed. [Online.] Available at www.phidot.org/software/mark/docs/book/.
5. DARLEY, J. A.1971. Sex ratio and mortality in the Brown-headed Cowbird. Auk 88:560-566.
6. DUFOUR, K. W., AND P. J. WEATHERHEAD. 1991. A test of the condition- bias hypothesis using Brown-headed Cowbirds trapped during the breeding season. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:2 686-2692.
7. FANKHAUSER, D. P.1971. Annual adult survival rates of blackbirds and starlings. Bird-Banding 42:36-42.
8. FARMER, C., AND M. A. HOLMGREN. 2000. Sexual dichromatism in the plumage of juvenile Brown-headed Cowbirds. Journal of Field Ornithology 71:429-436.
9. FLEISCHER, R. C., A. P. SMYTH, AND S. I. ROTHSTEIN. 1987. Temporal and age-related variation in the laying rate of the parasitic Brown-headed Cowbird in the eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:2724-2730.
10. FRIEDMANN, H.1929. The Cowbirds: A Study in the Biology of Social Parasitism. C. C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.
11. FRIEDMANN, H., AND L. F. KIFF. 1985. The parasitic cowbirds and their hosts. Proceedings of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 2:225-302.
12. GRZYBOWSKI, J. A., AND C. M. PEASE. 2005. Renesting determines seasonal fecundity in songbirds: What do we know? What should we assume? Auk 122:280-291.
13. HILL, R. A.1976. Sex ratio and sex determination of immature Brown-headed Cowbirds. Bird-Banding 47:112-114.
14. HOLFORD, K. C., AND D. D. ROBY. 1993. Factors limiting fecundity of captive Brown-headed Cowbirds. Condor 95:536-545.
15. KASUMOVIC, M. M., H. L. GIBBS, B. E. WOOLFENDEN, S. G. SEALY, AND H. NAKAMURA. 2002. Primary sex-ratio variation in two brood parasitic birds: Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) and Common Cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus). Auk 119:561-566.
16. KOSTECKE, R. M., S. G. SUMMERS, G. H. ECKRICH, AND D. A. CIMPRICH. 2005. Effects of Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) removal on Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapilla) nest success and population growth at Fort Hood, Texas. Pages 28-37 in Management of Cowbirds and Their Hosts: Balancing Science, Ethics, and Mandates (C. P. Ortega, J. F. Chace, and B. D. Peer, Eds.). Ornithological Monographs, no. 57.
17. KUS, B. E., AND M. J. WHITFIELD. 2005. Parasitism, productivity, and population growth: Response of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) to cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control. Pages 16-27 in Management of Cowbirds and Their Hosts: Balancing Science, Ethics, and Mandates (C. P. Ortega, J. F. Chace, and B. D. Peer, Eds.). Ornithological Monographs, no. 57.
18. LEBRETON, J.-D., K. P. BURNHAM, J. CLOBERT, AND D. R. ANDERSON. 1992. Modeling survival and testing biological hypotheses using marked animals: A unified approach with case studies. Ecological Monographs 62:67-118.
19. LOWTHER, P. E.1993. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). In The Birds of North America, no. 47 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
20. LOWTHER, P. E.2008. Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). [Online.] Available at fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/ Files/lowther/CBList.pdf.
21. MAY, R. M., AND S. K. ROBINSON. 1985. Population dynamics of avian brood parasitism. American Naturalist 126:475-494. Mayfield, H. F. 1973. Census of Kirtland's Warbler in 1972. Auk 90:684-685.
22. MAYFIELD, H. [F.]1977. Brown-headed Cowbird: Agent of extermination? American Birds 31:107-113.
23. MORRISON, M. L., L. S. HALL, S. K. ROBINSON, S. I. ROTHSTEIN, D. C. HAHN, AND T. D. RICH, EDS.1999. Research and Management of the Brown-headed Cowbird in Western Landscapes. Studies in Avian Biology, no. 18.
24. ORTEGA, C. P.1998. Cowbirds and Other Brood Parasites. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
25. ORTEGA, C. P., J. CHACE, AND B. D. PEER. 2005a. Research directions and cowbird management. Pages 1-5 in Management of Cowbirds and Their Hosts: Balancing Science, Ethics, and Mandates (C. P. Ortega, J. F. Chace, and B. D. Peer, Eds.). Ornithological Monographs, no. 57.
26. ORTEGA, C. P., A. CRUZ, AND M. E. MERMOZ. 2005b. Issues and controversies of cowbird (Molothrus spp.) management. Pages 6-15 in Management of Cowbirds and Their Hosts: Balancing Science, Ethics, and Mandates (C. P. Ortega, J. F. Chace, and B. D. Peer, Eds.). Ornithological Monographs, no. 57.
27. ORTEGA, C. P., AND J. C. ORTEGA. 2001. Effects of Brown-headed Cowbirds on the nesting success of Chipping Sparrows in southwest Colorado. Condor 103:127-133.
28. ORTEGA, C. P., AND J. C. ORTEGA. 2003. Brown-headed Cowbird ( Molothrus ater) parasitism on Warbling Vireos (Vireo gilvus) in southwest Colorado. Auk 120:759-764.
29. ORTEGA, C. P., J. C. ORTEGA, S. A. BACKENSTO, AND C. A. RAPP. 1996. Improved methods for aging second-year and after-secondyear male Brown-headed Cowbirds. Journal of Field Ornithology 67:542-548.
30. ORTEGA, J. C., AND C. P. ORTEGA. 2000. Effects of Brown-headed Cowbirds and predators on the nesting success of Yellow Warblers in southwest Colorado. Journal of Field Ornithology 71: 516-524.
31. PEASE, C. M., AND J. A. GRZYBOWSKI. 1995. Assessing the consequences of brood parasitism and nest predation on seasonal fecundity in passerine birds. Auk 112:343-363.
32. POWELL, L. A., AND M. G. KNUTSON. 2006. A productivity model for parasitized, multibrooded songbirds. Condor 108:292-300.
33. SCOTT, D. M., AND C. D. ANKNEY. 1980. Fecundity of the Brownheaded Cowbird in southern Ontario. Auk 97:677-683.
34. SELANDER, R. K., AND D. R. GILLER. 1960. First-year plumages of the Brown-headed Cowbird and Redwinged Blackbird. Condor 62:202-214.
35. SHAKE, W. F., AND J. P. MATTSSON. 1975. Three years of cowbird control: An effort to save the Kirtland's Warbler. Jack-Pine Warbler 53:48-53.
36. SMITH, J. N. M., T. L. COOK, S. I. ROTHSTEIN, S. K. ROBINSON, AND S. G. SEALY, EDS.2000. Ecology and Management of Cowbirds and Their Hosts. University of Texas Press, Austin.
37. SOKAL, R. R., AND F. J. ROHLF. 1981. Biometry, 2nd ed. Freeman, San Francisco, California.
38. SUMMERS, S. G., R. M. KOSTECKE, AND G. L. NORMAN. 2006. Efficacy of trapping and shooting in removing breeding Brownheaded Cowbirds. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34:1107-1112.
39. TEATHER, K. L., AND R. J. ROBERTSON. 1986. Pair bonds and factors influencing the diversity of mating systems in Brown-headed Cowbirds. Condor 88:63-69.
40. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1976. Kirtland's Warbler Recovery Plan. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Twin Cities, Minnesota.
41. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1991. Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapillus) Recovery Plan. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Austin, Texas.
42. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1992. Golden-cheeked Warbler ( Dendroica chrysoparia) Recovery Plan. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
43. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1998. Draft Recovery Plan for the Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus). U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon.
44. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 2002. Final Recovery Plan: Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
45. WALKINSHAW, L. H.1949. Twenty-five eggs apparently laid by a cowbird. Wilson Bulletin 61:82-85.
46. WEATHERHEAD, P. J.1989. Sex ratios, host-specific reproductive success, and impact of Brown-headed Cowbirds. Auk 106:358-366.
47. WITTENBERGER, J. F., AND R. L. TILSON. 1980. The evolution of monogamy: Hypotheses and evidence. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11:197-232.
48. WOOLFENDEN, B. E., H. L. GIBBS, AND S. G. SEALY. 2001. Demography of Brown-headed Cowbirds at Delta Marsh, Manitoba. Auk 118:156-166.
49. YOKEL, D. A.1986. Monogamy and brood parasitism: An unlikely pair. Animal Behaviour 34:1348-1358.
50. YOKEL, D. A.1989. Intrasexual aggression and the mating behavior of Brown-headed Cowbirds: Their relation to population densities and sex ratios. Condor 91:43-51.
51. ZAR, J. H.1996. Biostatistical Analysis, 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.