메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 132-141

Bone marrow: Orchestrated cells, cytokines, and growth factors for bone regeneration

Author keywords

Bone grafts; Bone marrow; Bone marrow anatomy; Cells in bone marrow; Cytokines; Stem cells

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; GROWTH PROMOTOR;

EID: 67650137593     PISSN: 10566163     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ID.0b013e3181990e75     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 68049131249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McEver RP. Cell Adhesion. Hema-tology Basic Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:61-68.
    • McEver RP. Cell Adhesion. Hema-tology Basic Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:61-68.
  • 2
    • 0002499527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bone marrow stroma in vivo: Ontology, structure, cellular composition and changes in disease
    • Be-resford JN, Owen, ME, eds, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press;
    • Bianco P, Riminucci M. The bone marrow stroma in vivo: Ontology, structure, cellular composition and changes in disease. In: Be-resford JN, Owen, ME, eds. Marrow Stromal Cell Culture. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 1998:10-25.
    • (1998) Marrow Stromal Cell Culture , pp. 10-25
    • Bianco, P.1    Riminucci, M.2
  • 4
    • 0003415792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow microenvironment
    • eds, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;
    • Dao M, Verfaillie CM. Bone marrow microenvironment. In: Hoffman R, Benz E, Shattil S, et al, eds. Hematology Basic Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:215-231.
    • (2005) Hematology Basic Principles and Practice , pp. 215-231
    • Dao, M.1    Verfaillie, C.M.2
  • 5
    • 0018848939 scopus 로고
    • Os-teoclasts derived from hematopoietic stem cells
    • Ash P, Loutit JF, Townsend KM. Os-teoclasts derived from hematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 1980;283:669-670.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.283 , pp. 669-670
    • Ash, P.1    Loutit, J.F.2    Townsend, K.M.3
  • 6
    • 0018163488 scopus 로고
    • Multinucleated giant cells
    • Chambers TJ. Multinucleated giant cells. J Pathol. 1978;126:125-148.
    • (1978) J Pathol , vol.126 , pp. 125-148
    • Chambers, T.J.1
  • 7
    • 37349116126 scopus 로고
    • Hemopoietic inductive microenvironments
    • Cairnie AB, Lala PK, Osmond DG, eds, New York: Academic Press Inc;
    • Trentin JJ. Hemopoietic inductive microenvironments. In: Cairnie AB, Lala PK, Osmond DG, eds. Stem Cells of Renewing Cell Populations. New York: Academic Press Inc; 1976:225-261.
    • (1976) Stem Cells of Renewing Cell Populations , pp. 225-261
    • Trentin, J.J.1
  • 8
    • 68049118590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of he-matopoietic growth factors
    • eds, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;
    • Rowe JM, Avivi I. Clinical use of he-matopoietic growth factors. In: Hoffman R, Benz E, Shattil S, et al, eds. Hematology Basic Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:1029-1043.
    • (2005) Hematology Basic Principles and Practice , pp. 1029-1043
    • Rowe, J.M.1    Avivi, I.2
  • 9
    • 0022457822 scopus 로고
    • The biology of platelet-derived growth factor
    • Ross R, Raines EW, Bowen-Pope DF. The biology of platelet-derived growth factor. Cell. 1986;46:155-169.
    • (1986) Cell , vol.46 , pp. 155-169
    • Ross, R.1    Raines, E.W.2    Bowen-Pope, D.F.3
  • 10
    • 0025290062 scopus 로고
    • Stimulating of bone matrix apposition in vitro by local growth factors: A comparison between insulin-like growth factor I, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta
    • Pfeilschifter J, Oechsner M, Naumann A, et al. Stimulating of bone matrix apposition in vitro by local growth factors: A comparison between insulin-like growth factor I, platelet-derived growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta. Endocrinology. 1990;127:69-75.
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.127 , pp. 69-75
    • Pfeilschifter, J.1    Oechsner, M.2    Naumann, A.3
  • 11
    • 0030766087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces endochon-dral bone in the baboon and synergizes with recombinant osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) to initiate rapid bone formation
    • Ripamonti U, Duneas N, Van Den Heever B, et al. Recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1 induces endochon-dral bone in the baboon and synergizes with recombinant osteogenic protein-1 (bone morphogenetic protein-7) to initiate rapid bone formation. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12:1584-1595.
    • (1997) J Bone Miner Res , vol.12 , pp. 1584-1595
    • Ripamonti, U.1    Duneas, N.2    Van Den Heever, B.3
  • 12
    • 0033023866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on rat calvaria: Changes depending on the dose and the injection site
    • Fujimoto R, Tanizawa T, Nishida A, et al. Local effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on rat calvaria: Changes depending on the dose and the injection site. J Bone Miner Metab. 1999; 17:11-17.
    • (1999) J Bone Miner Metab , vol.17 , pp. 11-17
    • Fujimoto, R.1    Tanizawa, T.2    Nishida, A.3
  • 13
    • 33748093373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of platelet-rich plasma in sinus augmentation: A clinical review
    • Boyapati L, Wang HL. The role of platelet-rich plasma in sinus augmentation: A clinical review. Implant Dent. 2006;15: 160-169.
    • (2006) Implant Dent , vol.15 , pp. 160-169
    • Boyapati, L.1    Wang, H.L.2
  • 14
    • 0038622886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is platelet-rich plasma the perfect enhancement factor? A current review
    • Sanchez A, Sheridan P, Kupp L. Is platelet-rich plasma the perfect enhancement factor? A current review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2003;18:93-104.
    • (2003) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants , vol.18 , pp. 93-104
    • Sanchez, A.1    Sheridan, P.2    Kupp, L.3
  • 15
    • 0024818355 scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mightogen
    • Leung DW, Cachianes G, Kuang WJ, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mightogen. Science. 1989;246:1306-1309.
    • (1989) Science , vol.246 , pp. 1306-1309
    • Leung, D.W.1    Cachianes, G.2    Kuang, W.J.3
  • 16
    • 20244375370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobilization of endothelial and hemato-poietic stem and progenitor cells by adenovector-mediated elevation of serum levels of SDF-1, VEGF, and angiopoietin-1
    • discussion 37-45
    • Moore MA, Hattori K, Heissig B, et al. Mobilization of endothelial and hemato-poietic stem and progenitor cells by adenovector-mediated elevation of serum levels of SDF-1, VEGF, and angiopoietin-1. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2001;938:36-45; discussion 37-45.
    • (2001) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.938 , pp. 36-45
    • Moore, M.A.1    Hattori, K.2    Heissig, B.3
  • 18
    • 0031004289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoclasts constitutively express regulators of bone resorption: An immunohis-tochemical and in situ hybridization study
    • O'Keefe RJ, Teot LA, Singh D, et al. Osteoclasts constitutively express regulators of bone resorption: An immunohis-tochemical and in situ hybridization study. Lab Invest. 1997;76:457-465.
    • (1997) Lab Invest , vol.76 , pp. 457-465
    • O'Keefe, R.J.1    Teot, L.A.2    Singh, D.3
  • 19
    • 0024989336 scopus 로고
    • Impairment of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production and lack of resident bone marrow macrophages in the osteopetronic op/op mouse
    • Felix R, Cecchini MG, Hofstertter W, et al. Impairment of macrophage colony-stimulating factor production and lack of resident bone marrow macrophages in the osteopetronic op/op mouse. J Bone Miner Res. 1990;5:781-789.
    • (1990) J Bone Miner Res , vol.5 , pp. 781-789
    • Felix, R.1    Cecchini, M.G.2    Hofstertter, W.3
  • 20
    • 43449118443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blood vessel wall
    • ed, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;
    • Karsan A, Harlan JM. The blood vessel wall. In: Hoffman R, ed. Hematology Basic Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:1915-1929.
    • (2005) Hematology Basic Principles and Practice , pp. 1915-1929
    • Karsan, A.1    Harlan, J.M.2
  • 21
    • 0036171009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of endothelial progenitors in human post-natal bone marrow
    • Reyes M, Dudek A, Jahagirdar B, et al. Origin of endothelial progenitors in human post-natal bone marrow. J Clinic Invest. 2002;109:337-346.
    • (2002) J Clinic Invest , vol.109 , pp. 337-346
    • Reyes, M.1    Dudek, A.2    Jahagirdar, B.3
  • 22
    • 0037019337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow
    • Jiang Y, Jahagirdar BN, Reinhardt RI, et al. Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow. Nature. 2002;418:41-49.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 41-49
    • Jiang, Y.1    Jahagirdar, B.N.2    Reinhardt, R.I.3
  • 23
    • 0036281597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult hematopoietic stem cells provide functional hemangioblast activity during retinal neovascularization
    • Grant MB, May WS, CaballeroS, et al. Adult hematopoietic stem cells provide functional hemangioblast activity during retinal neovascularization. Nat Med. 2002; 8:607-612.
    • (2002) Nat Med , vol.8 , pp. 607-612
    • Grant, M.B.1    May, W.S.2    CaballeroS3
  • 24
    • 0031445929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of hematopoiesis by microvascular endothelium
    • Rafi S, Mohle R, Shapiro F, et al. Regulation of hematopoiesis by microvascular endothelium. Leuk Lymphoma. 1997;27:375-386.
    • (1997) Leuk Lymphoma , vol.27 , pp. 375-386
    • Rafi, S.1    Mohle, R.2    Shapiro, F.3
  • 25
    • 0023893965 scopus 로고
    • Effect of recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor on human monocyte activity in vitro and following intravenous administration
    • Kleinerman ES, Knowles RD, Lachman LB, et al. Effect of recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor on human monocyte activity in vitro and following intravenous administration. Cancer Res. 1988;48:2604-2609.
    • (1988) Cancer Res , vol.48 , pp. 2604-2609
    • Kleinerman, E.S.1    Knowles, R.D.2    Lachman, L.B.3
  • 26
    • 0033647496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 following DNA damage improves human stem cell function
    • PonomaryovT, Peled A, Petite I, et al. Induction of chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 following DNA damage improves human stem cell function. J Clin Invest. 2000;106:1331-1339.
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.106 , pp. 1331-1339
    • Ponomaryov, T.1    Peled, A.2    Petite, I.3
  • 27
    • 0031026475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chemokine SDF-1 is a chemoattractant for human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and provides a new mechanism to explain the mobilization of CD43+ progenitors to peripheral blood
    • Aiuti A, Webb IJ, Bleul C, et al. The chemokine SDF-1 is a chemoattractant for human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and provides a new mechanism to explain the mobilization of CD43+ progenitors to peripheral blood. J Exp Med. 1997; 111-120.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , pp. 111-120
    • Aiuti, A.1    Webb, I.J.2    Bleul, C.3
  • 28
    • 0032845155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of interleukin 8-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in rhesus monkeys by inhibitory antibodies against the metalloproteinase gelatinase B(MMP-9)
    • Pruijt JF, Fibbe WF, Lateveer L, et al. Prevention of interleukin 8-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in rhesus monkeys by inhibitory antibodies against the metalloproteinase gelatinase B(MMP-9). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999; 96:10863-10868.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.96 , pp. 10863-10868
    • Pruijt, J.F.1    Fibbe, W.F.2    Lateveer, L.3
  • 30
    • 0033917320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marrow stromal stem cells
    • Bianco P, Robey PG. Marrow stromal stem cells. J Clin Invest. 2000;105: 1663-1668.
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.105 , pp. 1663-1668
    • Bianco, P.1    Robey, P.G.2
  • 31
    • 0020023077 scopus 로고
    • Stromal cell associated hemopoiesis
    • Dexter TM. Stromal cell associated hemopoiesis. J Cell Physiol Suppl. 1982;1: 87-94.
    • (1982) J Cell Physiol Suppl , vol.1 , pp. 87-94
    • Dexter, T.M.1
  • 32
    • 0026228558 scopus 로고
    • Mesenchymal stem cells
    • Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res. 1991;9:641-650.
    • (1991) J Orthop Res , vol.9 , pp. 641-650
    • Caplan, A.I.1
  • 34
    • 0034813516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor beta affects osteoblast differentiation via direct and indirect actions
    • Quinn JM, Itoh K, Udagawa N, et al. Transforming growth factor beta affects osteoblast differentiation via direct and indirect actions. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16: 1787-1794.
    • (2001) J Bone Miner Res , vol.16 , pp. 1787-1794
    • Quinn, J.M.1    Itoh, K.2    Udagawa, N.3
  • 35
    • 0002163674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marrow stromal cell system
    • Beresford JN, Owen M, eds, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press;
    • Owen M. The marrow stromal cell system. In: Beresford JN, Owen M, eds. Marrow Stromal Cell Culture. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 1998:1-9.
    • (1998) Marrow Stromal Cell Culture , pp. 1-9
    • Owen, M.1
  • 37
    • 0030763497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single- colony derived strains of human marrow stromal fibroblasts from bone after transplantation in vivo
    • Kuznetsov SA, Krebsbach PH, Satomura K, et al. Single- colony derived strains of human marrow stromal fibroblasts from bone after transplantation in vivo. J Bone Min Res. 1997;12:1335-1347.
    • (1997) J Bone Min Res , vol.12 , pp. 1335-1347
    • Kuznetsov, S.A.1    Krebsbach, P.H.2    Satomura, K.3
  • 38
    • 0029086581 scopus 로고
    • Human bone tissue formation in diffusion chamber culture in vivo by bone- derived cells and marrow stromal fibroblastic cells
    • Gundle R, Joyner CJ, Triffitt JT. Human bone tissue formation in diffusion chamber culture in vivo by bone- derived cells and marrow stromal fibroblastic cells. Bone. 1995;16:597-601.
    • (1995) Bone , vol.16 , pp. 597-601
    • Gundle, R.1    Joyner, C.J.2    Triffitt, J.T.3
  • 39
    • 0016912474 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme histochemistry of bone and cartilage cells
    • Doty SB, Schofield BH. Enzyme histochemistry of bone and cartilage cells. Prog Histochem Cytochem. 1976; 8:1-38.
    • (1976) Prog Histochem Cytochem , vol.8 , pp. 1-38
    • Doty, S.B.1    Schofield, B.H.2
  • 40
    • 0015594140 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic 3′5′ adenosine monophosphate in isolated bone cells. Response to low concentrations of parathyroid hormone
    • Peek WA, Carpenter J, Messinger D, et al. Cyclic 3′5′ adenosine monophosphate in isolated bone cells. Response to low concentrations of parathyroid hormone. Endocrinology. 1973;92:692-697.
    • (1973) Endocrinology , vol.92 , pp. 692-697
    • Peek, W.A.1    Carpenter, J.2    Messinger, D.3
  • 42
  • 43
    • 0022497827 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory role of human bone marrow fibroblasts in proliferation by granulo-cyte and macrophage colony-forming cells
    • Nagao T, Yamauchi K, Shimizu M, et al. Regulatory role of human bone marrow fibroblasts in proliferation by granulo-cyte and macrophage colony-forming cells. Exp Hematol. 1986;14:696-701.
    • (1986) Exp Hematol , vol.14 , pp. 696-701
    • Nagao, T.1    Yamauchi, K.2    Shimizu, M.3
  • 44
    • 0029961204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The function of adipocytes in the bone marrow stroma: An update
    • Gimble JM, Robinson CE, Wu X, et al. The function of adipocytes in the bone marrow stroma: An update. Bone. 1996; 19:421-428.
    • (1996) Bone , vol.19 , pp. 421-428
    • Gimble, J.M.1    Robinson, C.E.2    Wu, X.3
  • 45
    • 0025865559 scopus 로고
    • Adipocytic cells cultured from marrow have osteogenic potential
    • Bennett JH, Joyner CJ, Triffitt JT, et al. Adipocytic cells cultured from marrow have osteogenic potential. J Cell Sci. 1991;99:131-136.
    • (1991) J Cell Sci , vol.99 , pp. 131-136
    • Bennett, J.H.1    Joyner, C.J.2    Triffitt, J.T.3
  • 46
    • 0032982438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin acts on human marrow stromal cells to enhance differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation of adipocytes
    • Thomas T, Gori F, Khosla S, et al. Leptin acts on human marrow stromal cells to enhance differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation of adipocytes. Endocrinology. 1999;140:1630-1638.
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , pp. 1630-1638
    • Thomas, T.1    Gori, F.2    Khosla, S.3
  • 47
    • 0031027475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin stimulates fetal and adult ery-throid and myeloid development
    • Mikhail AA, Beck EX, Shafer A, et al. Leptin stimulates fetal and adult ery-throid and myeloid development. Blood. 1997;89:1507-1512.
    • (1997) Blood , vol.89 , pp. 1507-1512
    • Mikhail, A.A.1    Beck, E.X.2    Shafer, A.3
  • 48
    • 0031079738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial growth factor is the major angiogenic factor in omentum: Mechanism of the omentum-mediated angiogenesis
    • Zhang QX, Magovern CJ, Mack CA, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is the major angiogenic factor in omentum: Mechanism of the omentum-mediated angiogenesis. J Surg Res. 1997; 67:147-154.
    • (1997) J Surg Res , vol.67 , pp. 147-154
    • Zhang, Q.X.1    Magovern, C.J.2    Mack, C.A.3
  • 49
    • 0345308245 scopus 로고
    • Studies in the transplantation of bone VII. The fresh composite homograft-autograft of cancellous bone. An analysis of factors leading to osteogenesis in marrow transplants and in marrow containing bone grafts
    • Burwell RG. Studies in the transplantation of bone VII. The fresh composite homograft-autograft of cancellous bone. An analysis of factors leading to osteogenesis in marrow transplants and in marrow containing bone grafts. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1964;44:131-157.
    • (1964) J Bone Joint Surg Br , vol.44 , pp. 131-157
    • Burwell, R.G.1
  • 50
    • 33748705528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow aspiration: Technique, grafts, and reports
    • Smiler DG, Soltan M. Bone marrow aspiration: Technique, grafts, and reports. Implant Dent. 2006;15:229-235.
    • (2006) Implant Dent , vol.15 , pp. 229-235
    • Smiler, D.G.1    Soltan, M.2
  • 51
    • 33644875751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new platinum standard for bone grafting: Autogenous stem cells
    • Soltan M, Smiler DG, Gailani F. A new platinum standard for bone grafting: Autogenous stem cells. Implant Dent. 14; 4:322-327.
    • Implant Dent , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 322-327
    • Soltan, M.1    Smiler, D.G.2    Gailani, F.3
  • 52
    • 34247587621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A histomorphometric analysis of bone grafts augmented with adult stem cells
    • Smiler DG, Soltan M, Rohrer M, et al. A histomorphometric analysis of bone grafts augmented with adult stem cells. Implant Dent. 2007;16:42-53.
    • (2007) Implant Dent , vol.16 , pp. 42-53
    • Smiler, D.G.1    Soltan, M.2    Rohrer, M.3
  • 53
    • 37349081514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone block allograft impregnated with bone marrow aspirate
    • Soltan M, Smiler DG, Rohrer M, et al. Bone block allograft impregnated with bone marrow aspirate. Implant Dent. 2007;16:329-339.
    • (2007) Implant Dent , vol.16 , pp. 329-339
    • Soltan, M.1    Smiler, D.G.2    Rohrer, M.3
  • 54
    • 0025091773 scopus 로고
    • Hamatopoietic colony stimulating factors promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis
    • Williams GT, Smith CA, Spooncer E, et al. Hamatopoietic colony stimulating factors promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis. Nature. 1990;343:76-79.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 76-79
    • Williams, G.T.1    Smith, C.A.2    Spooncer, E.3
  • 55
    • 18744416377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The humoral regulation of hematopoiesis
    • eds, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;
    • Shaheen M, Broxmeyer HE. The humoral regulation of hematopoiesis. In: Hoffman R, Benz E, Shattil S, et al, eds. Hematology Basic Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:233-265.
    • (2005) Hematology Basic Principles and Practice , pp. 233-265
    • Shaheen, M.1    Broxmeyer, H.E.2
  • 56
    • 0034957480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear hormone receptors and gene expression
    • Aranda A, Pascual A. Nuclear hormone receptors and gene expression. Physiol Rev. 2001;81:1269-1304.
    • (2001) Physiol Rev , vol.81 , pp. 1269-1304
    • Aranda, A.1    Pascual, A.2
  • 57
    • 68049147307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cellular response
    • eds, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;
    • Carpenter CL, Neel BG. Regulation of cellular response. In: Hoffman R, Benze E, Shattil S, et al, eds. Hematology Basic Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:47-59.
    • (2005) Hematology Basic Principles and Practice , pp. 47-59
    • Carpenter, C.L.1    Neel, B.G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.