Particle rearrangement and pore space coarsening during solid-state sintering

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

Volumn 92, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1384-1390

  Exner, Hans Eckart ^a   Müller, Clemens ^a  

^a DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2-D MODEL; CLASSICAL APPROACH; CLOSED PORE; HIGH DENSITY; INTERCONNECTED PORES; LOCALIZED TRANSPORT; PARTICLE CONTACTS; PARTICLE MOVEMENT; PARTICLE REARRANGEMENT; PORE SPACE; POWDER COMPACTS; SOLID STATE SINTERING;

COARSENING; INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS; SINTERING;

AMORPHOUS MATERIALS;

EID: 67650090978     PISSN: 00027820     EISSN: 15512916     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.02978.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (97)

1. E. H. Aigeltinger R. T. De Hoff Quantitative Determination of Topological and Metric Properties during Sintering of Copper Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 6, 1843 965 (1975).
2. A. S. Watwe R. T. De Hoff Quantitative Serial Sectioning Analysis of the Evolution of Pore Structure in the Late Stages of Sintering of Nickel Powder Acta Stereol., 3 [1] 47 50 (1980).
3. E. H. Aigeltinger H. E. Exner The Present Stage of the Topological Approach to the Sintering Process J. Mater. Technol., 3, 425 32 (1972).
4. H. E. Exner E. Arzt Sintering Processes pp. 1885 12 in Physical Metallurgy, 3rd edition, Vol. 2, Chapter 30, Edited by R. W. Cahn P. Haasen. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1998. Reprint: pp. 157-184 in Sintering Key Papers, Edited by S. Somiya and Y. Moriyoshi, Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., New York, 1990. Revised version: pp. 2627-62 in Physical Metallurgy, 4th edition, Vol. 3, Chapter 33, Edited by R.W. Cahn and P. Haasen. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1996.
5. H. E. Exner Quantitative Description of Microstructures by Image Analysis pp. 281 350 in Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 2B, Part II, Edited by R. W. Cahn, P. Haasen E. J. Kramer. VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 1994.
6. H. E. Exner Qualitative and Quantitative Surface Microscopy pp. 581 647 in Physical Metallurgy, Vol. 1, Chapter 10a, Edited by R. W. Cahn P. Haasen. North Holland Physics Publishers, Amsterdam, 1983.
7. H. E. Exner H. P. Hougardy Quantitative Image Analysis of Microstructures Verlag DGM Informationsgesellschaft, Oberursel, 1988.
8. H. F. Fischmeister Characterization of Porous Structures by Stereological Measurements Powder Metall. Int., 7, 178 88 (1975).
9. F. Thümmler W. Thomma The Sintering Process Metall. Rev., 12, 69 108 (1967).
10. C. A. Handwerker, J. Blendell R. W. Coble Sintering of Ceramics pp. 2 37 in Science of Sintering - New Directions for Materials Processing and Microstructural Control, Edited by D. P. Uskokovic, H. Palmour R. M. Spriggs. Plenum Press, New York, 1990.
11. H. E. Exner "Grundlage von Sintervorgängen" ("Fundamentals of Sintering Processes," German Version of Ref. [12]), Materialkundlich-Technische Reihe 4, Gebr. Bornträger, Berlin, Stuttgart, 1978.
12. H. E. Exner Principles of Single Phase Sintering Rev. Powder Metall. Phys. Ceram., 1, 7 251 (1979).
13. H. E. Exner Solid-State Sintering: Critical Assessment of Theoretical Concepts and Experimental Methods Powder Metall., 23, 203 9 (1980). Reprint: pp. 87-100 in Sintering Key Papers, Edited by S. Somiya and Y. Moriyoshi, Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., New York, 1990.
14. H. E. Exner G. Petzow A Critical Evaluation of Shrinkage Equations pp. 107 20 in Sintering Processes, Materials Research Series, Vol. 13, Edited by G. C. Kuczynnski. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 1980.
15. H. E. Exner, G. Petzow P. Wellner Problems in the Extension of Sintering Theories to Real Systems pp. 351 62 in Sintering and Related Phenomena, Materials Science Research, Vol. 6, Edited by G. C. Kuczynski. Plenum Press, New York, 1973.
16. H. E. Exner, G. Petzow, H. Kummer, P. Wellner H. L. Lukas Sintering Processes in Models of Three and More Particles pp. 47 68 in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Powder Metallurgy in the CSSR, Part 3, Strbske Pleso, CSSR, 1974 (in German).
17. H. E. Exner G. Petzow Shrinkage and Rearrangement During Sintering of Glass Spheres pp. 279 93 in Sintering and Catalysis, Edited by G. C. Kuczynski. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 1975.
18. G. Petzow H. E. Exner Particle Rearrangement in Solid State Sintering Z. Metallkd., 67, 611 8 (1976). Reprint: pp. 639-55 in Sintering Key Papers, Edited by S. Somiya and Y. Moriyoshi, Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., New York, 1990.
19. H. E. Exner New Sintering Models and Their Practical Implications Radex-Rundschau, 171 6 (1977) (in German).
20. H. E. Exner An Introduction to the Development and Effects of Voids in Sintered Materials J. Microsc., 116 [Part 1] 25 37 (1979).
21. H. E. Exner G. Petzow A Critical Assessment of Porosity Coarsening During Solid State Sintering pp. 539 48 in Advances in Science and Technology. 11th International Ceramics Conference CIMTEC 2006, Vol. 45, Edited by P. Vincenzini. Trans Tech Publications, Stafa-Zurich, 2006.
22. C. B. Shumaker R. M. Fulrath Initial Stages of Sintering of Copper and Nickel pp. 191 9 in Sintering and Related Phenomena, Materials Science Research, Vol. 6, Edited by G. C. Kuczynski. Plenum Press, New York, 1973.
23. W. Weiser L. C. De Jonghe Rearrangement During Sintering in Two-Dimensional Arrays J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 69, 822 6 (1986).
24. E. Lininger R. Raj Packing and Sintering of Two-Dimensional Structures Made from Bimodal Particle Size Distributions J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 70, 843 9 (1987).
25. R. L. Eady, W. A. Miller G. C. Weatherly Random Close Packing and Sintering: Some Implications for Initial-Stage Sintering Scripta Metall., 8, 755 62 (1974).
26. H. J. Leu, T. Hare R. O. Scattergood A Computer Simulation Method for Particle Sintering Acta Metall., 36, 1977 87 (1980).
27. J. W. Ross, W. A. Miller G. C. Weatherly Computer Simulation of Sintering in Powder Compacts Acta Metall., 30, 203 12 (1982).
28. A. Jagota P. R. Dawson Micromechanical Modeling of Powder Compacts-II. Truss Formulation of Discrete Packings Acta Metall., 36, 2563 73 (1988).
29. L. R. Madhavrao R. Rajagopalan Monte Carlo Simulations for Sintering of Particle Aggregates J. Mater. Res., 4, 1252 6 (1989).
30. B. Henrich, A. Wonisch, T. Kraft, M. Moseler H. Riedel Simulations of the Influence of Rearrangement during Sintering Acta Mater., 55, 753 62 (2007).
31. A. Kazaryan, Y. Wang B. R. Patton Generalized Phase Field Approach for Computer Simulation of Sintering: Incorporation of Rigid-Body Motion Scr Mater., 41, 487 92 (1999).
32. H. Zhou J. J. Derby Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Analysis of Viscous Sintering J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81, 533 40 (1998).
33. J. I. Martinez-Herrera J. J. Derby Viscous Sintering of Spherical Particles via Finite Element Analysis J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 78, 645 9 (1995).
34. Y. U. Wang Computer Modeling and Simulation of Solid-State Sintering: A Phase Field Approach Acta Mater., 54, 953 61 (2006).
35. F. Wakai Modeling and Simulation of Elementary Processes in Ideal Sintering J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 89, 1471 84 (2006).
36. F. Wakai, K. Chihara M. Yoshida Anisotropic Shrinkage Induced by Particle Rearrangement in Sintering Acta Mater., 55, 4553 66 (2007).
37. J. Pan R. Huang Multi-Scale Modelling of Sintering Key Eng. Mater., 368-372 [Part 2] 1668 72 (2008).
38. E. A. Olevsky Multi-Scale Virtual Reality of Sintering pp. 573 6 in Materials Science Forum 534-536 (Part 1). Progress in Powder Metallurgy, Edited by D. Y. Yoon, S.-J. L. Kang, K. Y. Eun and Y.-S. Kim. Trans Tech Publications, Stafa-Zurich, 2007.
39. M. Nöthe, M. Schulze, R. Grupp, B. Kieback A. Haibel Investigation of Sintering of Spherical Copper Powder by Micro Focus Computed Tomography (μCT) and Synchrotron Tomography pp. 2657 62 in Materials Science Forum 539-543 (Part 3). THERMEC 2006, Edited by T. Chandra, K. Tsuzaki, M. Militzer and C. Ravindran. Trans Tech Publications, Stafa-Zurich, 2007.
40. A. Vagnon, J. P. Riviere, J. M. Missiaen, D. Bellet, M. Di Michiel, C. Josserond D. Bouvard 3D Statistical Analysis of a Copper Powder Sintering Observed In Situ by Synchrotron Microtomography Acta Mater., 56, 1084 93 (2008).
41. S. Bordère, D. Bernard, S. Vincent J. Caltagirone. "Towards 3D Simulation of Sintering Processes," Trans. Eng. Sci., 57, 433 42, 2007.
42. S. Bordère, D. Bernard, D. Gendron J.-M. Heintz Characterisation of Elementary Sintering Processes using Monte Carlo Simulation and X-ray Computed Microtomography High Perform. Struct. Mater., 6, 23 32 (2004).
43. L. Olmos, T. Takahashi, C. L. Martin, M. Di Michiel, D. Bouvard D. Bellet Investigation of the Sintering of Heterogeneous Powder Systems by Synchrotron Microtomography and Discrete Element Simulation Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-094-2008), 2008.
44. K. Ishizaki, M. Battabyal, Y. Yamada Pittini, R. Nicula S. Vaucher Microwave Sintering Explored by X-Ray Microtomography Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-033-2008), 2008.
45. R. Grupp, M. Nöthe B. Kieback In-Situ Analysis of Particle Rotations during Sintering Applying High-Resolution Synchrotron Tomography of Focused-Ion Beam-Marked Spheres Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-009-2008), 2008.
46. D. Bernard O. Guillon Microstructural Evolution of Constrained Films Through Synchrotron Computed Microtomography Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-007-2008), 2008.
47. M. A. Spears A. G. Evans Microstructure Development During Final/Intermediate Stage Sintering - II. Grain and Pore Coarsening Acta Metall., 30, 1281 989 (1982).
48. P. Zeng V. Tikare Potts Model Simulation of Grain Size Distributions During Final Stage Sintering pp. 77 83 in Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings 529. Computational and Mathematical Models of Microstructural Evolution, Edited by J. W. Bullard, R. Kalia, M. Stoneham and L.-Q. Chen. Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA, USA, 1998.
49. F. Wakai Three-Dimensional Simulation of Coarsening and Grain Growth in Sintering pp. 2359 64 in Materials Science Forum 539-543 (Part 3). THERMEC 2006, Edited by T. Chandra, K. Tsuzaki, M. Militzer and C. Ravindran. Trans Tech Publications, Stafa-Zurich, 2007.
50. S. Kucherenko, J. Pan J. A. Yeomans A Combined Finite Element and Finite Difference Scheme for Computer Simulation of Microstructure Evolution and its Application to Pore-Boundary Separation during Sintering Comput. Mater. Sci., 18 [1] 76 92 (2007).
51. R. Brown, R. A. Levine E. A. Olevsky Meso-Scale Monte Carlo Sintering Simulation with Anisotropic Grain Growth Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-015-2008), 2008.
52. A. Wonisch, T. Kraft, M. Moseler H. Riedel Effect of Powder Size Distributions on Sintering Behavior: A DEM Simulation Study Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-019-2008), 2008.
53. H. E. Exner Quantitative Description of Microstructural Geometry - A Practical Guide to Manual Techniques Pract. Metallography, 30, 217 26, 287-293, 322-333 and 389-398 (1993).
54. R. M. German Coarsenig Laws in Sintering Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jola, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-091-2008), 2008.
55. H. E. Exner "Ostwaldreifung von Übergangsmetallkarbiden in flüssigem Nickel und Kobalt" ("Ostwald Ripening of Transition Metal Carbides in Liquid Nickel and Cobalt") Z. Metallkd., 64, 273 80 (1973).
56. H. E. Exner, E. Santa Marta G. Petzow Grain Growth in Liquid-Phase Sintering of Carbides pp. 315 25 in Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 4. Plenum Press, New York, 1971.
57. H. E. Exner T. Kraft Review of Computer Simulations of Sintering Processes pp 1 5 Paper Presented at Powder Metallurgy World Congress, Granada (Sint 44, Paper no: 838), 1998.
58. H. E. Exner A Critical Assessment of Computer Simulation and Numerical Modelling in Sintering Studies pp. 291 6 in Sintering 87, Proceedings of the International Institute for the Science of Sintering Symposium, Edited by S. Somia, M. Shimada, M. Yoshimura and R. Watanabe. Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1988.
59. R. M. German Problems with Computer Simulations of Sintering Kinetics Scr. Metall., 14, 955 8 (1980).
60. M. W. Reiterer Analysis of Four Different Approaches to Predict and Control Sintering Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-038-2008), 2008.
61. S. Pejovnik, V. Smolej, D. Susnik D. Kolar Statistical Analysis of the Validity of Sintering Equations Powder Metall. Int., 11, 22 3 (1979).
62. H. E. Exner E. A. Giess A Stereology-Based Equation for Isotropic Shrinkage During Sintering by Viscous Flow pp. 73 82 in Science of Sintering - New Directions for Materials Processing and Microstructural Control, Edited by D. P. Uskokovic, H. Palmour R. M. Spriggs. Plenum Press, New York, 1990.
63. A. R. Boccaccini R. Kramer Experimental Verification of a Stereology-Based Equation for the Shrinkage of Glass Powder Compacts during Sintering Glass Technol., 36 [3] 95 7 (1995).
64. R. M. German Computer Modelling of Sintering Processes Int. J. Powder Metall., 38 [2] 48 66 (2002).
65. J. Liu, Y. Liu, A. Lal R. M. German Shape Distortion Induced by Gravity in the Initial Stage of Solid Phase Sintering Scr. Mater., 40, 1221 7 (1999).
66. E. A. Olevsky, V. Tikare T. Garino Multi-Scale Study of Sintering: A Review J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 89, 1914 22 (2006).
67. A. Maximenko, O. Van Der Biest E. Olevsky Modeling of Damage Development During Sintering of Ceramics Int. J. Fracture, 110 [1] L9 14 (2001).
68. M. Braginsky, V. Tikare E. Olevsky Numerical Simulation of Solid State Sintering Int. J. Solids Struct., 42, 621 36 (2005).
69. A. Maximenko, A. Kuzmov E. A. Olevsky Direct Multiscale Modeling of Sintering Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-069-2008), 2008.
70. H. Riedel T. Kraft Distortions and Cracking of Graded Components during Sintering pp. 1035-40 in Functionally Graded Materials, Vol. 308-311, Edited by W. A. Kaysser. Trans Tech Publications, Stafa-Zurich, 1999.
71. T. Kraft H. Riedel Numerical Simulation of Solid State Sintering; Model and Application J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 24, 345 61 (2004).
72. T. Kraft, H. Riedel O. Rosenfelder Compaction and Sintering of a Ceramic Seal: Modeling and Experimental Response Int. J. Powder Metall., 39 [6] 27 34 (2003).
73. T. Kraft, H. Riedel, P. Stingl F. Wittig Finite Element Simulation of Die Pressing and Sintering Adv. Eng. Mater., 1 [2] 107 9 (1999).
74. T. Kraft H. Riedel Numerical Simulation of Die Compaction and Sintering Powder Metall., 45 [3] 227 31 (2002).
75. T. Kraft Optimizing Press Tool Shapes by Numerical Simulation of Compaction and Sintering - Application to a Hard Metal Cutting Insert Modelling and Simulation Mater. Sci. Eng., 11, 381 400 (2003).
76. T. Kraft, A. Wonisch, I. Schmidt H. Riedel Simulation of Sintering: from Grain Dimensions to Complex Parts Invited Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-065-2008), 2008.
77. H. Riedel A Constitutive Model for the Finite-Element Simulation of Sintering - Distortion and Stresses pp. 619 30 in Ceramic Powder Science, Vol. III, Edited by G. L. Messing. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, 1990.
78. H. Riedel D. Z. Sun Simulation of Die Pressing and Sintering of Powder Metals, Hard Metals and Ceramics pp. 883 6 in Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming and Processes, Edited by J. L. Chenot, R. D. Wood, O. C. Zienkiewcz A. A. Balkema. Brookfield, Rotterdam, 1992.
79. H. E. Exner P. Bross Computer Simulation of Sintering Processes Acta Metall., 27, 1013 20 (1979) Reprint: pp. 185-99 in Sintering Key Papers, Edited by S. Somiya and Y. Moriyoshi, Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., New York, 1990.
80. V. Tikare, M. Braginsky E. A. Olevsky Numerical Simulation of Solid-State Sintering: I, Sintering of Three Particles J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 86, 49 53 (2003).
81. A. Van De Vorst Numerical Simulation of Viscous Sintering by a Periodic Lattice of a Representative Unit Cell J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81, 2147 56 (1998).
82. F. Wakai, T. Akatsu Y. Shinoda Dynamics of Microstructural Evolution in Ideal Sintering Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-016-2008), 2008.
83. W. J. Soppe, G. J. M. Janssen, B. C. Bonekamp, L. A. Correia H. J. Veringa A Computer Simulation Method for Sintering in Three-Dimensional Powder Compacts J. Mater. Sci., 29, 754 61 (1994).
84. F. Wakai, K. Chihara M. Yoshida Anisotropic Shrinkage Induced by Particle Rearrangement in Sintering Acta Mater., 55, 4553 66 (2007).
85. V. Tikare, M. Braginsky, E. Olevsky D. L. Johnson Numerical Simulation of Anisotropic Shrinkage in a 2D Compact of Elongated Particles J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 88, 59 65 (2005). (Pubitemid 41556715)
86. A. Wonisch, O. Guillon, T. Kraft, M. Moseler, H. Riedel J. Rödel Stress-Induced Anisotropy of Sintering Alumina: Discrete Element Modelling and Experiments Acta Mater., 55, 5187 99 (2007).
87. J. Pan, A. Cocks J. Rödel Sintering Kinetics of Materials Containing Large Pores Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-096-2008), 2008.
88. C. L. Martin, L. Olmos, D. Bouvard R. K. Bordia Evolution of Defects during Sintering: Discrete Element Simulations Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-017-2008), 2008.
89. J. Pan R. Huang Modelling Constrained Sintering and Cracking Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-068-2008), 2008.
90. S. S. Indrakant R. Jayanarasimha Sintering of Copper Nanoparticles: A Molecular Dynamics Study Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-043-2008), 2008.
91. L. Roentzsch B. Kieback Atomistic Modeling of Nanoparticle Sintering Using a 3D-Lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo Method Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-018-2008), 2008.
92. H. Camacho, P. E. Garcia-Casillas, C. A. Martinez-Perez, J. T. Elizalde-Galindo A. Garcia-Reyes Sintering Powder Compact Densification and Deformation: Effects of Constitutive Behaviors and Macroscopic Conditions Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-037-2008), 2008.
93. T. Bartel V. Tikare Multi-Physics Model for Simulation of Sintering at the Mesoscale Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-014-2008), 2008.
94. J. G. Arguello Verification, Performance, and Validation of a Modified SOVS Continuum Constitutive Model in a Nonlinear Large-Deformation Finite Element Code Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-066-2008), 2008.
95. C. Hardin J. E. Garay Finite Element Modeling of Current Activated Sintering Methods Poster presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-P015-2008), 2008.
96. D. Bouvard, S. Charmond C. P. Carry Finite Element Modelling of Microwave Sintering Paper Presented at International Conference on Sintering 2008, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. (SINTER-032-2008), 2008.
97. S. Kiani, J. Pan, J. A. Yeomans, M. Barriere P. Blanchart Finite Element Analysis of Sintering Deformation Using Densification Data Instead of a Constitutive Law J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 27, 2377 383 (2007).