Multivariate distributions of disinfection by-products in chlorinated drinking water

Water Research

Volumn 43, Issue 14, 2009, Pages 3453-3468

  Francis, Royce A ^a   Small, Mitchell J ^a   VanBriesen, Jeanne M ^a  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bayesian modeling; Disinfection by products; Drinking water research priorities; Gibbs' sampling; Left censoring; Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation; Regulatory evaluation

Indexed keywords

BAYESIAN NETWORKS; BROMINE; DISINFECTION; MARKOV PROCESSES; MONTE CARLO METHODS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

BAYESIAN MODEL; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT; LEFT-CENSORING; MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO SIMULATION; REGULATORY EVALUATION; WATER RESEARCH;

POTABLE WATER;

BROMINE; DIHALOACETIC ACID; DIHALOACETONITRILE; DRINKING WATER; ORGANOHALOGEN DERIVATIVE; TRIHALOACETIC ACID; TRIHALOMETHANE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BROMINE; CHLORINATION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DATA SET; DISINFECTION; DRINKING WATER; GIBBS FREE ENERGY; MARKOV CHAIN; MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WATER TREATMENT;

ARTICLE; BAYES THEOREM; CHLORINATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; MONTE CARLO METHOD; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED STATES; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TREATMENT;

EID: 67650003293     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.008     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Bove F., Shim Y., and Zeitz P. Drinking water contaminants and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review. Environmental Health Perspectives 110 Suppl. 1 (2002) 61-74
2. Box G.E.P., and Cox D.R. An analysis of transformations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 26 2 (1964) 211-252
3. Box G.E.P., and Tiao G.C. Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis (1973), Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts
4. Brass H.J., Feige M.A., Halloran T., Mello J.W., Munch D., and Thomas R.F. Drinking water quality enhancement through source protection. In: Pojasek R.B. (Ed) (1977), Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI
5. Brooks S.P., and Gelman A. General methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations. Journal of Computational and Graphic Statistics 7 4 (1998) 434-455
6. Chang E.E., Lin Y.P., and Chiang P.C. Effects of bromide on the formation of THMs and HAAs. Chemosphere 43 8 (2001) 1029-1034
7. Cowman G.A., and Singer P.C. Effect of bromide ion on haloacetic acid speciation resulting from chlorination and chloramination of aquatic humic substances. Environmental Science and Technology 30 1 (1996) 16-24
8. Dempster A.P., Laird N.M., and Rubin D.B. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 39 1 (1977) 1-38
9. EPA U.S. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Monitoring Requirements for Public Drinking Water Supplies; Final Rule (1996) pp. 24353-24388, Federal Register
10. Gelman A. Bayesian Data Analysis (2004), Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, Fla
11. Gelman A., Carlin J.B., Stern H.S., and Rubin D.B. Bayesian Data Analysis (2004), Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL
12. Genz, A., Bretz, F., Hothorn, T., Miwa, T., Mi, X., Leisch, F., Scheipl, F., 2008. mvtnorm: Multivariate Normal and t Distributions.
13. Graves C.G., Matanoski G.M., and Tardiff R.G. Weight of evidence for an association between adverse reproductive and developmental effects and exposure to disinfection by-products: a critical review. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 34 2 (2001) 103-124
14. Helsel D.R. Less than obvious: statistical treatment of data below the detection limit. Environmental Science and Technology 24 12 (1990) 1766-1774
15. Helsel D.R. More than obvious: better methods for interpreting nondetect data. Environmental Science and Technology 39 20 (2005) 419A-423A
16. Helsel D.R., and Cohn T.A. Estimation of descriptive statistics for multiply censored water quality data. Water Resources Research 24 (1988) 1997-2004
17. Hopke P.K., Liu C., and Rubin D.B. Multiple imputation for multivariate data with missing and below-threshold measurements: time-series concentrations of pollutants in the Arctic. Biometrics 57 (2001) 22-33
18. Jackson, C., 2009. The msm Package.
19. Krasner S.W., Weinberg H., Richardson S., Pastor S.J., Chinn R., Sclimenti M.J., Onstad G.D., and Thruston Jr. A.D. Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts. Environmental Science and Technology 40 23 (2006) 7175-7185
20. Little R.J.A., and Rubin D.B. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (1987), John Wiley and Sons, New York
21. Lockwood J.R., and Schervish M.J. MCMC Strategies for Computing Bayesian Predictive Densities for Censored Multivariate Data (2003), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
22. Lockwood J.R., Schervish M.J., Gurian P., and Small M.J. Characterization of arsenic occurrence in source waters of U.S. community water systems. Journal of the American Statistical Association 96 456 (2001) 1184-1193
23. Lockwood J.R., Schervish M.J., Gurian P.L., and Small M.J. Analysis of contaminant co-occurrence in community water systems. Journal of the American Statistical Association 99 465 (2004) 45-56
24. Martin A.D., Quinn K.M., and Park J.-H. MCMCpack: Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Package (2008). http://mcmcpack.wustl.edu
25. McGuire M.J. Eight revolutions in the history of US drinking water disinfection. Journal AWWA 98 3 (2006) 123-149
26. McGuire M.J., McLain J.L., and Obolensky A. Information Collection Rule Data Analysis (2002), AWWA Research Foundation, American Water Works Association, Denver, CO
27. McGuire M.J., and Meadow R.G. AWWARF trihalomethane survey. Journal AWWA 80 1 (1988) 61-68
28. Morrison D.F. Multivariate Statistical Methods (1976), McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York
29. Muellner M.G., Wagner E.D., McCalla K., Richardson S., Woo Y.-T., and Plewa M.J. Haloacetonitriles vs. regulated haloacetic acids: are nitrogen-containing DBPs more toxic?. Environmental Science and Technology 41 2 (2007) 645-651
30. Munch D.J., Feige M.A., and Brass H.J. The Analysis of Purgeable Compounds in the National Organics Monitoring Survey by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (1977), AWWA, Denver, CO
31. Nieuwenhuijsen M.J. Adverse reproductive health effects of exposure to chlorination disinfection byproducts. Global NEST Journal 7 1 (2005) 128-144
32. Nieuwenhuijsen M.J., Toledano M.B., Eaton N.E., Fawell J., and Elliott P. Chlorination disinfection byproducts in water and their association with adverse reproductive outcomes: a review. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 57 (2000) 73-85
33. Obolensky A., and Singer P.C. Halogen substitution patterns among disinfection byproducts in the information collection rule database. Environmental Science and Technology 39 8 (2005) 2719-2730
34. Obolensky A., and Singer P.C. Development and interpretation of disinfection byproduct formation models using the information collection rule database. Environmental Science and Technology 42 15 (2008) 5654-5660
35. Obolensky A., Singer P.C., and Shukairy H.M. Information collection rule data evaluation and analysis to support impacts on disinfection by-product formation. ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering 133 1 (2007) 53-63
36. Plewa M.J., Wagner E.D., Richardson S.D., Thruston Jr. A.D., Woo Y.T., and McKague A.B. Chemical and biological characterization of newly discovered iodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts. Environmental Science and Technology 38 18 (2004) 4713-4722
37. Richardson S. Disinfection byproducts and other emerging contaminants in drinking water. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22 10 (2003) 666-684
38. Rossi P., and McCulloch R. bayesm: Bayesian Inference for Marketing/Micro-econometrics (2008). http://faculty.chicagogsb.edu/peter.rossi/research/bsm.html
39. Shumway R.H., Azari A.S., and Johnson P. Estimating mean concentrations under transformation for environmental data with detection limits. Technometrics 31 3 (1989) 347-356
40. Singer P.C. DBPs in drinking water: additional scientific and policy considerations for public health protection. Journal AWWA 98 10 (2006) 73-80
41. Sohn J., Amy G., and Yoon Y. Bromide ion incorporation into brominated disinfection byproducts. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 174 (2006) 265-277
42. Symons J.M., Bellar T.A., Carswell J.K., DeMarco J., Kropp K.L., Robeck G.G., Seeger D.R., Slocum C.J., Smith B.L., and Stevens A.A. National organics reconnaissance survey for halogenated organics. Journal AWWA 67 11 (1975) 634-647
43. Tanner M.A., and Wong W.-H. The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation. Journal of the American Statistical Association 82 398 (1987) 528-540
44. Tardiff R.G., Carson M.L., and Ginevan M.E. Updated weight of evidence for an association between adverse reproductive and developmental effects and exposure to disinfection by-products. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 45 2 (2006) 185-205
45. Team R.D.C. R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (2008), R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
46. Villanueva C.M., Cantor K.P., Cordier S.M., Jaakkola J.K., King W.D., Lynch C.F., Porru S., and Kogevinas M. Disinfection byproducts and bladder cancer: a pooled analysis. Epidemiology 15 3 (2004) 357-367
47. Weinberg H., Krasner S., Richardson S., and Thruston Jr. A.D. The Occurrence of Disinfection By-products (DBPs) of Health Concern in Drinking Water: Results of a Nationwide DBP Occurrence Survey (2002), National Exposure Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA
48. Xie Y.F. Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Formation, Analysis, and Control (2003), CRC Press, Washington, D.C