Lower Silurian "hot shales" in Jordan: A new depositional model

Journal of Petroleum Geology

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 261-270

  Loydell, D K ^a   Butcher, A ^a   Fryda J ^b   Luning S ^c   Fowler, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PORTSMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^b CZECH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (Czech Republic)

^c RWE POWER AG   (Germany)

Author keywords

"Hot shale"; Acritarch; Carbon isotope; Graptolite; Jordan; Llandovery; Palynology; Silurian

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; FIRE HAZARDS; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPES; ORGANIC CARBON; OXYGENATION; PYRITES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEDIMENTOLOGY; TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS; URANIUM;

''HOT SHALE''; ACRITARCH; CARBON ISOTOPE; GRAPTOLITE; JORDAN; LLANDOVERY; PALYNOLOGY; SILURIAN;

SHALE;

ACRITARCH; ANOXIC CONDITIONS; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCE; EUSTACY; GRAIN SIZE; GRAPTOLITE; LLANDOVERIAN; MODELING; PALYNOLOGY; REGRESSION; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; SHALE; SILURIAN;

AFRICA; ARABIAN PENINSULA; ASIA; BOHEMIA; CANADA; CENTRAL EUROPE; CZECH REPUBLIC; EURASIA; EUROPE; JORDAN; MIDDLE EAST; NORTH AFRICA; NORTH AMERICA; SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

ACANTHOMORPHA; ACRITARCHA; CHITINOZOA;

EID: 67649887160     PISSN: 01416421     EISSN: 17475457     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-5457.2009.00447.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. AL-AMERI, T. K., 1983. Acid resistant microfossils used in the determination of Palaeozoic palaeoenvironments in Libya. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 44, 103-116.
2. ARMSTRONG, H. A., TURNER, B. R., MAKHLOUF, I. M., WEEDON, G. P., WILLIAMS, M., AL SMADI, A. and ABU SALAH, A., 2005. Origin, sequence stratigraphy and depositional environment of an upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) deglacial black shale, Jordan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 220, 273-289.
3. ARMSTRONG, H. A., TURNER, B. R., MAKHLOUF, I. M., WEEDON, G. P., WILLIAMS, M., AL SMADI, A. and ABU SALAH, A., 2006. Reply to "Origin, sequence stratigraphy and depositional environment of an upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) deglacial black shale, Jordan". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 230, 356-360.
4. ARMSTRONG, H. A., ABBOTT, G. D., TURNER, B. R., MAKHLOUF, I.M., MUHAMMAD, A.B., PEDENTCHOUK, N. and PETERS, H., 2009. Black shale deposition in an Upper Ordovician-Silurian permanently stratified, peri-glacial basin, southern Jordan. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 273, 368-377.
5. BATTEN, D. J., 1996. Palynofacies and palaeoenvironmental interpretation. In: Jansonius, J. and McGregor, D. C. (Eds) Palynology: principles and applications. Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, 1011-1064.
6. BUTCHER, A., 2009. Early Llandovery chitinozoans from Jordan. Palaeontology, 52, 593-629.
7. COLE, G.A., 1994. Graptolite-chitinozoan reflectance and its relationship to other geochemical maturity indicators in the Silurian Qusaiba Shale, Saudi Arabia. Energy & Fuels, 8, 1443-1459.
8. DORNING, K., 1981. Silurian acritarch distribution in the Ludlovian shelf sea of South Wales and the Welsh Borderland. In: Neale, J. W. and Brasier, M. D. (Eds) Microfossils from Recent and fossil shelf Seas. Ellis Howood, Chichester, 31-36.
9. FELLO, N., LÜNING, S., ŠTORCH, P. and REDFERN, J., 2006. Identification of early Llandovery (Silurian) anoxic palaeo-depressions at the western margin of the Murzuq Basin (southwest Libya), based on gamma-ray spectrometry in surface exposures. GeoArabia, 11, 101-118.
10. GELSTHORPE, D. N., 2002. Testing of palynological processing techniques: an example using Silurian palynomorphs from Gotland. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 21, 81-86.
11. JACOBSEN, S. R., 1979. Acritarchs as palaeoenvironmental indicators in Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks from Kentucky, Ohio and New York. Journal of Paleontology, 53, 1197-1212.
12. JOHNSON, M. E., 1996. Stable cratonic sequences and a standard for Silurian eustasy. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 306, 203-211.
13. LAPWORTH, C., 1877. The Moffat Series. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 34, 240-346, pls 11-13.
14. LE HÉRISSÉ, A., 2000. Characteristics of the acritarch recovery in the early Silurian of Saudi Arabia. In: Al-Hajri, S. and Owens, B. (Eds) Stratigraphic palynology of the Palaeozoic of Saudi Arabia. Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain, 57-81.
15. LENZ, A. C., NOBLE, P.J., MASIAK, M., POULSON, S. R. and KOZLOWSKA, A., 2006. The lundgreni Extinction Event integration of paleontological and geochemical data from Arctic Canada. GFF, 128, 153-158.
16. LI, J., SERVAIS, T., YAN, K. and ZHU, H., 2004. A nearshore-offshore trend in acritarch distribution from the Early-Middle Ordovician of the Yangtze Platform, South China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 130, 141-161.
17. LOYDELL, D.K., 1998. Early Silurian sea-level changes. Geological Magazine, 135, 447-471.
18. LOYDELL, D. K., 2007a. Graptolites from the Upper Ordovician and lower Silurian of Jordan. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 78, 1-66.
19. LOYDELL, D. K., 2007b. Early Silurian positive δ 13 C excursions and their relationship to glaciations, sea-level changes and extinction events. Geological Journal, 42, 531-546.
20. 13C excursions and their relationship to glaciations, sea-level changes and extinction events: Discussion' by Bradley D. Cramer and Axel Munnecke. Geological Journal, 43, 511-515.
21. LOYDELL, D. K. and FRÝDA, J., 2007. Carbon isotope stratigraphy of the upper Telychian and lower Sheinwoodian (Llandovery-Wenlock, Silurian) of the Banwy River section, Wales. Geological Magazine 144, 1015-1019.
22. LÜNING, S., CRAIG, J., LOYDELL, D. K., ŠTORCH, P. and FITCHES, B., 2000. Lower Silurian 'hot shales' in North Africa and Arabia: Regional distribution and depositional model. Earth-Science Reviews, 49, 121-200.
23. LÜNING, S., KOLONIC, S., LOYDELL, D. K. and CRAIG, J., 2003. Reconstruction of the original organic richness in weathered Silurian shale outcrops (Murzuq and Kufra basins, southern Libya). GeoArabia, 8, 299-308.
24. LÜNING, S., SHAHIN, Y.M., LOYDELL, D., AL-RABI, H.T., MASRI, A., TARAWNEH, B. and KOLONIC, S., 2005. Anatomy of a world-class source rock: Distribution and depositional model of Silurian organic-rich shales in Jordan and implications for hydrocarbon potential. AAPG Bulletin, 89, 1397-1427.
25. LÜNING, S., LOYDELL, D., ŠTORCH, P., SHAHIN, Y. M. and CRAIG, J., 2006. Origin, sequence stratigraphy and depositional environment of an upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) deglacial black shale, Jordan -discussion. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 230, 352-355.
26. MELCHIN, M. J. and HOLMDEN, C., 2006. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of the Llandovery in Arctic Canada: Implications for global correlation and sea-level change. GFF, 128, 173-180.
27. MOLYNEUX, S. G., 2009. Acritarch (marine microplankton) diversity in an Early Ordovician deep-water setting (the Skiddaw Group, northern England): Implications for the relationship between sea-level change and phytoplankton diversity. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 275, 59-76.
28. MULLINS, G. L., ALDRIDGE, R. J. and SIVETER, D. J., 2004. Microplankton associations, biofacies and palaeoenvironment of the type lower Ludlow Series, Silurian. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 130, 163-194.
29. PARIS, F., VERNIERS, J., AL-HAJRI, S. and AL-TAYYAR, H., 1995. Biostratigraphy and palaeogeographic affinities of Early Silurian chitinozoans from central Saudi Arabia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 89, 75-90.
30. POTTS, P.J., TINDLE, A.G. and WEBB, P.C., 1992. Geochemical reference material compositions. Whittles Publishing, CRC Press.
31. RICHARDSON, J. B. and RASUL, S. M., 1990. Palynofacies in a late Silurian regressive sequence in the Welsh Borderland and Wales. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 147, 675-686.
32. SCHIEBER, J., 2003. Simple gifts and buried treasures -implications of finding bioturbation and erosion surfaces in black shales. The Sedimentary Record, 1 (2), 4-8.
33. ŠTORCH, P., 2006. Facies development, depositional settings and sequence stratigraphy across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary: A new perspective from the Barrandian area of the Czech Republic. Geological Journal, 41, 163-192.
34. 18O) on Gotland, Sweden. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 230, 1-31.
35. STRICANNE, L., MUNNECKE, A., PROSS, J. and SERVAIS, T., 2004. Acritarch distribution along an inshore-offshore transect in the Gorstian (lower Ludlow) of Gotland, Sweden. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 130, 195-216.
36. SUTHERLAND, S. J. E., 1994. Ludlow chitinozoans from the type area and adjacent regions. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, 148 (594), 1-104, pls 1-18.
37. TOGHILL, P., 1968. The graptolite assemblages and zones of the Birkhill Shales (lower Silurian) at Dobb's Linn. Palaeontology, 11, 654-668.
38. UNDERWOOD, C.J., CROWLEY, S. F., MARSHALL, J. D. and BRENCHLEY, P.J., 1997. High-resolution carbon isotope stratigraphy of the basal Silurian stratotype (Dob's Linn, Scotland) and its global correlation. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 154, 709-718.
39. VECOLI, M., RIBOULLEAU, A. and VERSTEEGH, G., 2009. Palynology, organic geochemistry and carbon isotope analysis of a latest Ordovician through Silurian clastic succession from borehole Tt1, Ghadamis Basin, southern Tunisia, North Africa: Palaeoenvironmental interpretation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 273, 378-394.
40. YAN, D., CHEN, D., WANG, Q., WANG, J. and WANG, Z., 2009. Carbon and sulphur isotopic anomalies across the Ordovician-Silurian boundary on the Yangtze Platform, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 274, 32-39.
41. ZALASIEWICZ, J., WILLIAMS, M., MILLER, M., PAGE, A. and BLACKETT, E., 2007. Early Silurian (Llandovery) graptolites from central Saudi Arabia: first documented record of Telychian faunas from the Arabian Peninsula. GeoArabia, 12, 15-36.