Do minor head impacts in soccer cause concussive injury? A prospective case-control study

Neurosurgery

Volumn 64, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 719-725

  Straume Næsheim, Truls M ^a   Andersen, Thor Einar ^a   Holme, Ingar Morten K ^a   McIntosh, Andrew S ^a,b   Dvorak, Jiri ^c   Bahr, Roald ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF SPORT SCIENCES   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^c SCHULTHESS CLINIC   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Brain injury; Closed head trauma; Neuropsychological tests

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; BRAIN CONCUSSION; BRAIN FUNCTION; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROL GROUP; CONTROLLED STUDY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NORWAY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REACTION TIME; SPORT INJURY; TASK PERFORMANCE; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; UNCONSCIOUSNESS; VIDEOTAPE;

ACCIDENTS, OCCUPATIONAL; ADULT; ATHLETIC INJURIES; AUSTRALIA; BRAIN CONCUSSION; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COGNITION DISORDERS; COHORT STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SOCCER;

EID: 67649858536     PISSN: 0148396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000340681.12949.6D     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Andersen TE, Árnason A, Engebretsen L, Bahr R: Mechanisms of head injuries in elite football. Br J Sports Med 38:690-696, 2004.
2. Andersen TE, Tenga A, Engebretsen L, Bahr R: Video analysis of injuries and incidents in Norwegian professional football. Br J Sports Med 38:626-631, 2004.
3. Aubry M, Cantu R, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T, Johnston K, Kelly J, Lovell M, McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Schamasch P; Concussion in Sport Group: Summary and agreement statement of the First International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Vienna 2001. Recommendations for the improvement of safety and health of athletes who may suffer concussive injuries. Br J Sports Med 36:6-10, 2002.
4. Babbs CF: Biomechanics of heading a soccer ball: Implications for player safety. Sci World J 1:281-322, 2001.
5. Belanger HG, Vanderploeg RD: The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: A meta-analysis. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 11:345-357, 2005.
6. Collie A, Makdissi M, Maruff P, Bennell K, McCrory P: Cognition in the days following concussion: Comparison of symptomatic versus asymptomatic athletes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77:241-245, 2006.
7. Collie A, Maruff P, Makdissi M, McCrory P, McStephen M, Darby D: CogSport: Reliability and correlation with conventional cognitive tests used in postconcussion medical evaluations. Clin J Sport Med 13:28-32, 2003.
8. Collie A, Maruff P, McStephen M, Darby D: CogSport, in Echemendia RJ (ed): Sports Neuropsychology: A Clinical Primer. New York, Guilford Publications, 2005, pp 240-262.
9. Darby D, Maruff P, Collie A, McStephen M: Mild cognitive impairment can be detected by multiple assessments in a single day. Neurology 59:1042-1046, 2002.
10. Delaney JS, Lacroix VJ, Leclerc S, Johnston KM: Concussions among university football and soccer players. Clin J Sport Med 12:331-338, 2002.
11. Downs DS, Abwender D: Neuropsychological impairment in soccer athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 42:103-107, 2002.
12. Falleti MG, Maruff P, Collie A, Darby DG, McStephen M: Qualitative similarities in cognitive impairment associated with 24 h of sustained wakefulness and a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05%. J Sleep Res 12:265-274, 2003.
13. Fuller CW, Ekstrand J, Junge A, Andersen TE, Bahr R, Dvorak J, Hagglund M, McCrory P, Meeuwisse WH: Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries. Clin J Sport Med 16:97-106, 2006.
14. Fuller CW, Junge A, Dvorak J: A six year prospective study of the incidence and causes of head and neck injuries in international football. Br J Sports Med 39 [Suppl 1]:i3-i9, 2005.
15. Gosselin N, Theriault M, Leclerc S, Montplaisir J, Lassonde M: Neurophysiological anomalies in symptomatic and asymptomatic concussed athletes. Neurosurgery 58:1151-1161, 2006.
16. Guskiewicz KM, McCrea M, Marshall SW, Cantu RC, Randolph C, Barr W, Onate JA, Kelly JP: Cumulative effects associated with recurrent concussion in collegiate football players: The NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA 290:2549-2555, 2003.
17. Kelly JP, Rosenberg JH: The development of guidelines for the management of concussion in sports. J Head Trauma Rehabil 13:53-65, 1998.
18. Kirkendall DT, Garrett WE Jr: Heading in soccer: Integral skill or grounds for cognitive dysfunction? J Athl Train 36:328-333, 2001.
19. Lovell MR, Collins MW: Neuropsychological assessment of the college football player. J Head Trauma Rehabil 13:9-26, 1998.
20. Lovell MR, Collins MW, Iverson GL, Johnston KM, Bradley JP: Grade 1 or "ding" concussions in high school athletes. Am J Sports Med 32:47-54, 2004.
21. Makdissi M, Collie A, Maruff P, Darby DG, Bush A, McCrory P, Bennell K: Computerised cognitive assessment of concussed Australian Rules footballers. Br J Sports Med 35:354-360, 2001.
22. Matser JT, Kessels AG, Jordan BD, Lezak MD, Troost J: Chronic traumatic brain injury in professional soccer players. Neurology 51:791-796, 1998.
23. Matser JT, Kessels AG, Lezak MD, Troost J: A dose-response relation of headers and concussions with cognitive impairment in professional soccer players. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 23:770-774, 2001.
24. McCrea M, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW, Barr W, Randolph C, Cantu RC, Onate JA, Yang J, Kelly JP: Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: The NCAA Concussion Study. JAMA 290:2556-2563, 2003.
25. McCrea M, Hammeke T, Olsen G, Leo P, Guskiewicz K: Unreported concussion in high school football players: Implications for prevention. Clin J Sport Med 14:13-17, 2004.
26. Moriarity J, Collie A, Olson D, Buchanan J, Leary P, McStephen M, McCrory P: A prospective controlled study of cognitive function during an amateur boxing tournament. Neurology 62:1497-1502, 2004.
27. Naunheim RS, Bayly PV, Standeven J, Neubauer JS, Lewis LM, Genin GM: Linear and angular head accelerations during heading of a soccer ball. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:1406-1412, 2003.
28. Pellman EJ, Lovell MR, Viano DC, Casson IR, Tucker AM: Concussion in professional football: Neuropsychological testing - Part 6. Neurosurgery 55:1290-1305, 2004.
29. Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Casson IR, Arfken C, Feuer H: Concussion in professional football: Players returning to the same game - Part 7. Neurosurgery 56:79-92, 2005.
30. Rahnama N, Reilly T, Lees A: Injury risk associated with playing actions during competitive soccer. Br J Sports Med 36:354-359, 2002.
31. Rutherford A, Stephens R, Potter D: The neuropsychology of heading and head trauma in Association Football (soccer): A review. Neuropsychol Rev 13:153-179, 2003.
32. Silbert BS, Maruff P, Evered LA, Scott DA, Kalpokas M, Martin KJ, Lewis MS, Myles PS: Detection of cognitive decline after coronary surgery: A comparison of computerized and conventional tests. Br J Anaesth 92:814-820, 2004.
33. Straume-Naesheim TM, Andersen TE, Bahr R: Reproducibility of computer based neuropsychological testing among Norwegian elite football players. Br J Sports Med 39 [Suppl 1]:i64-i69, 2005.
34. Straume-Naesheim TM, Andersen TE, Dvorak J, Bahr R: Effects of heading exposure and previous concussions on neuropsychological performance among Norwegian elite footballers. Br J Sports Med 39 [Suppl 1]:i70-i77, 2005.
35. Straume-Naesheim TM, Andersen TE, Jochum M, Dvorak J, Bahr R: Minor head trauma in soccer and serum levels of S100B. Neurosurgery 62:1297-1306, 2008.
36. Sundström A, Marklund P, Nilsson LG, Cruts M, Adolfsson R, Van Broeckhoven C, Nyberg L: APOE influences on neuropsychological function after mild head injury: Within-person comparisons. Neurology 62:1963-1966, 2004.
37. Tysvaer AT: Head and neck injuries in soccer. Impact of minor trauma. Sports Med 14:200-213, 1992.
38. Tysvaer AT, Løchen EA: Soccer injuries to the brain. A neuropsychologic study of former soccer players. Am J Sports Med 19:56-60, 1991.
39. Tysvaer AT, Storli OV: Soccer injuries to the brain. A neurologic and electroencephalographic study of active football players. Am J Sports Med 17:573-578, 1989.
40. Warden DL, Bleiberg J, Cameron KL, Ecklund J, Walter J, Sparling MB, Reeves D, Reynolds KY, Arciero R: Persistent prolongation of simple reaction time in sports concussion. Neurology 57:524-526, 2001.