Measuring the effect of enhanced cleaning in a UK hospital: A prospective cross-over study

BMC Medicine

Volumn 7, Issue , 2009, Pages

  Dancer, Stephanie J ^a,b   White, Liza F ^b   Lamb, Jim ^b   Kirsty, Kirsty E ^c   Robertson, Chris ^d  

^a HAIRMYRES HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b SOUTHERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c STOBHILL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; GENOTYPE; HOSPITAL HYGIENE; HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; LENGTH OF STAY; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION; MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; SANITATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; UNITED KINGDOM; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CROSS INFECTION; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; HOSPITAL SERVICE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALE; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION;

BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; CROSS INFECTION; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY, MOLECULAR; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; GREAT BRITAIN; HOUSEKEEPING, HOSPITAL; HUMANS; INFECTION CONTROL; MALE; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS;

EID: 67649846501     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17417015     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-7-28     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Dancer SJ Mopping up hospital infection J Hosp Infect 1999, 43:85-100 10.1053/jhin.1999.0616 10549308
2. Dancer SJ How do we assess hospital cleaning? A proposal for microbiological standards for surface hygiene in hospitals J Hosp Infect 2004, 56:10-15 10.1016/j.jhin.2003.09.017 14706265
3. Kramer A Schwebke I Kampf G How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review BMC Infect Dis 2006, 6:130 1564025 16914034 10.1186/1471-2334-6-130
4. Lemmen SW Hafner H Zolldan D Stanzel S Lutticken R Distribution of multi-resistant Gram-negative versus Gram-positive bacteria in the hospital inanimate environment J Hosp Infect 2004, 56:191-197 10.1016/ j.jhin.2003.12.004 15003666
5. Boyce JM Potter-Bynoe G Chenevert C King T Environmental contamination due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Possible infection control implications Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997, 18:622-627 9309433
6. Hardy KJ Oppenheim BA Gossain S Gao F Hawkey PM A study of the relationship between environmental contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and patients' acquisition of MRSA Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006, 27:127-32 10.1086/500622 16465628
7. White L Dancer SJ Robertson C McDonald J Are hygiene standards useful in assessing infection risk? Am J Infect Control 2008, 36:381-384 10.1016/ j.ajic.2007.10.015 18538706
8. Dancer SJ White L Robertson C Monitoring environmental cleanliness on two surgical wards Int J Environ Hygiene 2008, 18:357-364
9. Bhalla A Pultz NJ Gries DM Ray AJ Eckstein EC Aron DC Donskey CJ Acquisition of nosocomial pathogens on hands after contact with environmental surfaces near hospitalised patients Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004, 25:164-167 10.1086/502369 14994944
10. Dancer SJ Importance of the environment in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus acquisition: The case for hospital cleaning Lancet Infect Dis 2008, 8:101-113 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70241-4 17974481
11. Pittet D Hugonnet S Harbarth S Mourouga P Sauvan V Touveneau S Perneger TV Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene Lancet 2000, 356:1307-1312 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02814-2 11073019
12. Kim PW Roghmann MC Perencevich EN Harris AD Rates of hand disinfection associated with glove use, patient isolation, and changes between exposure to various body sites Am J Infect Control 2003, 31:97-103 10.1067/mic.2003.32 12665743
13. Dancer SJ Coyne M Speekenbrink A Samavedam S Kennedy J Wallace PGM Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition in an intensive care unit Am J Infect Control 2006, 34:10-17 10.1016/ j.ajic.2005.08.009 16443087
14. White LF Dancer SJ Robertson A microbiological evaluation of cleaning methods Int J Environ Health Res 2007, 17:1-11 10.1080/09603120701372433 17365075
15. Robicsek A Beaumont JL Paule SM Hacek DM Thomson RB Jr Kaul KL King P Peterson LR Universal surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in 3 affiliated hospitals Ann Intern Med 2008, 148:409-418 18347349
16. Reilly J Stewart S Allardice GA Noone A Robertson C Walker A Coubrough S Results from the Scottish National HAI Prevalence Survey J Hosp Infect 2008, 69:62-68 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.02.019 18395296
17. Obee P Griffith CJ Cooper RA Bennion NE An evaluation of different methods for the recovery of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from environmental surfaces J Hosp Infect 2007, 65:35-41 10.1016/ j.jhin.2006.09.010 17140698
18. Lewis T Griffith C Gallo M Weinbren M A modified benchmark for evaluating the cleaning of some hospital environmental surfaces J Hosp Infect 2008, 69:156-163 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.03.013 18468725
19. Brakstad OG Aasbakk K Maeland JA Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene J Clin Microbiol 1992, 30:1654-1660 265359 1629319
20. Bignardi GE Woodford N Chapman A Johnson AP Speller DC Detection of the mecA gene and phenotypic detection of resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates with borderline or low-level methicillin resistance J Antimicrob Chemother 1996, 37:53-63 10.1093/jac/37.1.53 8647774
21. Bannerman TL Hancock GA Tenover FC Miller JM Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis as a replacement for bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus J Clin Microbiol 1995, 33:551-555 227989 7751356
22. Wagenvoort JHT Dutch measures to control MRSA and the expanding European Union Eurosurveillance 2000, 5:26-28 12631867
23. Malik RE Cooper RA Griffith CJ Use of audit tools to evaluate the efficacy of cleaning systems in hospitals Am J Infect Control 2003, 31:181-187 10.1067/mic.2003.34 12734526
24. Wernitz MH Keck S Swidsinski S Schulz S Veit SK Cost analysis of a hospital-wide selective screening programme for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers in the context of diagnosis related groups (DRG) payment Clin Microbiol Infect 2005, 11:466-471 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01153.x 15882196
25. Wendin R The economics of patient safety: Can you afford not to be safe? Marsh Europe S.A. Report commissioned by The Royal College of Physicians, London 2008 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2194132/ Every-MRSA-case-costs-NHS-an-extra-and1639,000.html 18382074
26. Cunningham JB Kernohan WG Rush T Bed occupancy, turnover intervals and MRSA rates in English hospitals Br J Nurs 2006, 15:656-660 16835541
27. Borg MA Bed occupancy and overcrowding as determinant factors in the incidence of MRSA infections within general ward settings J Hosp Infect 2003, 54:316-318 10.1016/S0195-6701(03)00153-1 12919764
28. Kibbler CC Quick A O'Neill AM The effect of increased bed numbers on MRSA transmission in acute medical wards J Hosp Infect 1998, 39:213-219 10.1016/S0195-6701(98)90260-2 9699141
29. National Cleaning Services Specification NHS Scotland 2003
30. Carling PC Briggs JL Perkins J Highlander D Improved cleaning of patient rooms using a new targeting method Clin Infect Dis 2006, 42:385-388 10.1086/499361 16392086
31. Beggs CB Shepherd SJ Kerr KG Increasing the frequency of hand washing by healthcare workers does not lead to commensurate reductions in staphylococcal infection in a hospital ward BMC Infect Dis 2008, 8:114 2553083 18764942 10.1186/1471-2334-8-114
32. Hayden MK Bonten MJM Blom DW Lyle EA Vijver van de DAMC Weinstein RA Reduction in acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus after enforcement of routine environmental cleaning measures Clin Infect Dis 2006, 42:1552-1560 10.1086/503845 16652312
33. Eckstein BC Adams DA Eckstein EC Rao E Sethi AK Yadavalli GK Donskey CJ Reduction of Clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus contamination of environmental surfaces after an intervention to improve cleaning methods BMC Infectious Diseases 2007, 7:61 1906786 17584935 10.1186/1471-2334-7-61
34. Goodman ER Platt R Bass R Onderdonk AB Yokoe DS Huang SS Impact of an environmental cleaning intervention on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci on surfaces in intensive care unit rooms Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008, 29:593-599 2670228 18624666 10.1086/588566
35. Boyce JM Havill NL Otter JA McDonald LC Adams NM Cooper T Thompson A Wiggs L Killgore G Tauman A Noble-Wang J Impact of hydrogen peroxide vapor room decontamination on Clostridium difficile environmental contamination and transmission in a healthcare setting Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008, 29:723-729 10.1086/589906 18636950