Martial illusions: War and disillusionment in twentieth-century and Renaissance military memoirs

Journal of Military History

Volumn 69, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 43-72

  Harari, Yuval Noah ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649814222     PISSN: 08993718     EISSN: 15437795     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jmh.2005.0023     Document Type: Review

References (117)

1. Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), 7
2. Tobey C. Herzog, Vietnam War Stories: Innocence Lost (London: Routledge, 1992), 13
3. Herzog, Vietnam, 33
4. Samuel Lynn Hynes, The Soldiers' Tale: Bearing Witness to Modern War (London: Pimlico, 1998), 16-17, 30, 56, 101-5
5. Samuel Lynn Hynes, A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture (London: Bodley Head, 1990), xii
6. Eric J. Leed, No Man's Land: Combat and Identity in World War I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 75
7. Jean Norton Cru, War Books: A Study in Historical Criticism, trans. S. J. Pincetl and E. Marchand (San Diego, Calif.: San Diego State University Press, 1976), 8
8. Hynes, War Imagined, 113-14, 182-83
9. Fussell, Great War, 174
10. Evelyn Cobley, Representing War: Form and Ideology in First World War Narratives (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993), 5
11. Chris Hopkins, "Beyond Fiction? The Example of Winged Warfare (1918)," in Patrick J. Quinn and Steven Trout, eds., The Literature of the Great War Reconsidered: Beyond Modern Memory (New York: Palgrave, 2001), 9-23
12. Hynes, Soldiers' Tale, 214
13. Ann P. Linder, Princes of the Trenches: Narrating the German Experience of the First World War (Columbia, S.C.: Camden House, 1996), 22, 43-48, 53-55
14. See also George L. Mosse, Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 6-7
15. Michael Paris, Warrior Nation: Images of War in British Popular Culture, 1850-2000 (London: Reaktion Books, 2000), 112-19, 145, 148-57, 184-85
16. See, for example, Joanna Bourke, An Intimate History of Killing: Face-to-Face Killing in Twentieth-Century Warfare (London: Granta Books, 1999), 16-26, 64-67
17. Jay Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 8
18. Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson, "Paul Fussell at War," War in History 1, no. 1 (1994): 66-70
19. Brian Bond, The Unquiet Western Front: Britain's Role in Literature and History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 27-28, 81, 92-100
20. See also Martin Stephen, The Price of Pity: Poetry, History and Myth in the Great War (London: Leo Cooper, 1996), 98-99, 230-31
21. Bond, Unquiet Western Front, 24-25, 28-35
22. Hew Strachan, "The Soldier's Experience in Two World Wars: Some Historiographical Comparisons," in Paul Addison and Angus Calder, eds., Time to Kill: The Soldier's Experience of War in the West, 1939-1945 (London: Pimlico, 1997), 370
23. Bond, Unquiet Western Front, 51-54, 65
24. Strachan, "Soldier's Experience," 370
25. Bond, Unquiet Western Front, 39, 59-68, 76-77, 82-87
26. Paris, Warrior Nation, 236-37, 249-50, 255-56
27. Ben Shepard, A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001), 355-76
28. Bourke, Intimate History of Killing, 114-16, 220, 254-67
29. Edna Lomsky-Feder and Eyal Ben-Ari, "Trauma, Therapy and Responsibility: Psychology and War in Contemporary Israel," in Monica Boeck, Aparna Rao, and Michael Bollig, eds., The Practice of War (Oxford: Berghahn Books, forthcoming)
30. Stewart O'Nan, ed., The Vietnam Reader (New York: Doubleday, 1998), 312
31. Shepard, War of Nerves, 366, 392
32. Hugh McManners, The Scars of War (London: HarperCollins, 1993), 370
33. Bourke, Intimate History of Killing, 246
34. Bond, Unquiet Western Front, 63, 70
35. For war as initiation, see Linder, Princes, 50-52
36. Leed, No Man's Land, 12-13, 28-33
37. Barbara Ehrenreich, Blood Rites: Origins and History of the Passions of War (New York: Metropolitan Books, 1997), 10-12, 125-28, 145-46, 156
38. Erich Maria Remarque, Im Westen nichts neues (Berlin: Propyläen-verlag, 1929, c1928)
39. Fussell, Wartime, 294-96
40. Leed, No Man's Land, 13
41. Philippe Contamine, "The War Literature of the Late Middle Ages: The Treatises of Robert de Balsac and Béraud Stuart, Lord of Aubigny," in Christopher T. Allmand, ed., War, Literature, and Politics in the Late Middle Ages (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1976), 102-21
42. Robert J. Knecht, "Military Autobiography in Sixteenth-Century France," in J. R. Mulryne and Margaret Shewring, eds., War, Literature and the Arts in Sixteenth-Century Europe (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989), 3-21
43. Henry J. Cohn, "Götz von Berlichingen and the Art of Military Autobiography," in Mulryne and Shewring, eds., War, Literature and the Arts, 22-40
44. Joël Blanchard, "Écrire la guerre au XVe siècle," Le moyen français 24 (1989): 7-21
45. Margarita Levisi, "Golden Age Autobiography: The Soldiers," in Nicholas Spadaccini and Jenaro Taléns, ed., Autobiography in Early Modern Spain (Minneapolis: Prisma Institute, 1988), 97-118
46. Nadine Kuperty, Se dire à la Renaissance: les mémories au XVIe siècle (Paris: Vrin, 1997)
47. Malcolm Vale, War and Chivalry (London: Duckworth, 1981)
48. Maurice Keen, Chivalry (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984)
49. Sidney Anglo, ed., Chivalry in the Renaissance (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1990)
50. Arthur B. Ferguson, The Chivalric Tradition in Renaissance England (Washington: Folger Shakespeare Library, 1986)
51. J. R. Hale, War and Society in Renaissance Europe, 2d ed. (Guernsey: Sutton, 1998), 37-38
52. Frank Tallett, War and Society in Early Modern Europe, 1495-1715 (London: Routledge, 1992), 17-18
53. Wilfred Owen, War Poems and Others, ed. Dominic Hibberd (London: Chatto and Windus, 1973), 79
54. Joseph Heller, Catch-22 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961)
55. Jaroslav Hasek, The Good Soldier: Schweik (New York: F. Ungar, 1930)
56. Jean de Bueil, Le Jouvencel par Jean de Bueil suivi du commentaire de Guillaume Tringant, ed. Léon Lecestre, 2 vols. (Paris: Librairie Renouard, 1887-89), 2:20-21
57. Jörg von Ehingen, Reisen nach der Ritterschaft, ed. Gabriele Ehrmann, 2 vols. (Göppingen: Kümmerle Verlag, 1979), 38
58. For the love of war, see also Yuval Noah Harari, Renaissance Military Memoirs: War, History, and Identity, 1450-1600 (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2004), 101-3
59. Harari, Renaissance Military Memoirs, 100, 132, 148-50
60. Götz von Berlichingen, The Autobiography of Götz von Berlichingen, ed. H. S. M. Stuart (London: Duckworth, 1956), 25-26
61. Harari, Renaissance Military Memoirs, 101-3
62. Florange, Mémoires, 1:83-94
63. Charles W. C. Oman, A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century (London: Methuen, 1937), 147-48
64. Hale, War and Society, 84, 119-20
65. Hale, War and Society, 119-20
66. Geoffrey Parker, The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500-1800, 2d ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 53-57
67. Parker, Army of Flanders, 207-11
68. M. Bryn Davies, "Suffolk's Expedition to Montdidier 1523," Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts, Fouad I University 7 (1944): 40-42
69. Ludwig von Diesbach, Die autobiographischen Aufzeichnungen Ludwig von Diesbachs, ed. Urs Martin Zahnd (Bern: Stämpili, 1986), 39-41
70. Berlichingen, Autobiography, 87-90
71. Gutierre Díaz de Gámez, El Victorial o Crónica de Don Pero Niño, in Juan de Mata Carriazo, ed., Colección de crónicas españolas, vol. 1 (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1940), 42-43
72. Monluc, Commentaires, 1:118, 2:351
73. Haynin, Mémoires, 1:63
74. Guyon, Mémoires, 63
75. Díaz del Castillo, Historia Verdadera, 10, 28, 317-18
76. Florange, Mémoires, 2:136
77. Rabutin, Commentaires, 1:164
78. Alonso Enríquez de Guzmán, Libro de la Vida y Costumbres de Don Alonso Enríquez de Guzmán, ed. Hayward Keniston (Madrid: Ediciones Atlas, 1960), 148
79. See also Diesbach, Die autobiographischen Aufzeichnungen, 39
80. Díaz del Castillo, Historia Verdadera, 115
81. Balbi de Correggio, Verdadera Relación, 94
82. Roger Williams, The Actions of the Lowe Countries "written by Sir Roger Williams, knight, in John X. Evans, ed., The Works of Sir Roger Williams (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), 131
83. See also Mendoza, Comentarios, book X, chapter 4
84. For atrocities, see Hale, War and Society, 184-88, 195-96
85. Keen, Chivalry, 228
86. Vale, War and Chivalry, 160
87. Nicholas Wright, Knights and Peasants: The Hundred Years War in the French Countryside (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1998)
88. Enríquez de Guzmán, Libro de la Vida, 178
89. Díaz del Castillo, Historia Verdadera, 352-53, 372
90. Ehingen, Reisen, 65-66
91. See also Antoine du Puget, Mémoires inédits d'Antoine du Puget, Sieur de Saint-Marc, concernant les troubles de religion dans le Midi de la France, depuis l'année 1561 jusqu'à 1597, in Michaud and Poujoulat, Nouvelle collection des mémoires, series 1, vol. 6 (1836), 713
92. Oman, History, 138-40, 159, 182
93. Monluc, Commentaires, 3:344-45
94. Du Bellay, Mémoires, 1:27-28
95. Parker, Army of Flanders, 210-18, 290-92
96. Tallett, War and Society in Early Modern Europe, 116-17
97. Jeremy Black, European Warfare, 1494-1660 (London: Routledge, 2002), 18-19, 28
98. Jan Glete, War and the State in Early Modern Europe (London: Routledge, 2002), 132
99. Williams, Actions of the Lowe Countries, 131-32, 148-49
100. Du Bellay, Mémoires, 4:245
101. Monluc, Commentaires, 1:30
102. Mosse, Fallen Soldiers, 167
103. Leed, No Man's Land, 48-49, 68-69, 90-96
104. See also Herzog, Vietnam, 14, 60
105. Linder, Princes of the Trenches, 99
106. Miriam Cooke, Women and the War Story (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), 16
107. See, for example, Cobley, Representing War, 26, 75-76, 118-31
108. Linder, Princes of the Trenches, 101, 105-7, 119-20
109. Robert Fox, Eyewitness Falklands: A Personal Account of the Falklands Campaign (London: Methuen, 1982), 180-81
110. Léonce Patry, The Reality of War: A Memoir of the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune (1870-1) by a French Officer (London: Cassell and Co., 2001)
111. Gerald F. Linderman, Embattled Courage: The Experience of Combat in the American Civil War (London: Collier Macmillan, 1987), 17-20, 240-61
112. Leo Tolstoy, The Novels and Other Works of Lyof N. Tolstoi, 24 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1917), 11: 269-340
113. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1968)
114. Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War (New York: D. Appleton, 1895)
115. Ambrose Bierce, Shadows of Blue and Gray: The Civil War Writings of Ambrose Bierce, ed. Brian M. Thomsen (New York: Forge, 2002)
116. Harari, Renaissance Military Memoirs, 133-48, 152-55
117. Harari, Renaissance Military Memoirs, 146-48, 152-55