An incense altar from Qumran?

Dead Sea Discoveries

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 20-33

  Elgvin, Torleif ^a  

^a Lutheran Theological Seminary   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649770477     PISSN: 09290761     EISSN: 15685179     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156851702320115706     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. S. Göranson, "An Inkwell from Qumran," Michmanim 6 (1992) 37-40
2. idem, "Qumran - a Hub of Scribal Activity," BAR 20/5 (Sept./Oct. 1994) 36-39
3. Cf. Y. Nir-El and M. Broshi, "The Black Ink of the Qumran Scrolls," DSD 3 (1996) 157-67. The analysis of the ink showed basically carbon, with some pollution of copper and lead
4. See ANET, items 579 and 581: two south-Arabian altars dated between the third and the first centuries BCE, 9 and 8 cm high, respectively. Both are square troughs on four legs
5. S. Dar, Settlements and Cult Sites on Mount Hermon, Israel: Ituraean Culture in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods (BAR International Series 589; Oxford: Archaeopress, 1993) 63-64, 267
6. idem, The History of Hermon: Settlements and Temples of the Itureans (Heb.) (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad, 1994) 123-30
7. S. Dar, Sumaqa: A Roman and Byzantine Jewish Village on Mount Carmel, Israel (BAR International Series 815; Oxford: Archaeopress, 1999) 53, 57-58, 62-65, 143, 191 (Hebrew edition: Sumaqa: A Jewish Village on the Carmel [Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1998] 126-28)
8. Dar, Sumaqa, 65. Dar's assertion that altars of this type "were common in the Roman East" seems unsubstantiated
9. J. MacKenzie, The Architecture of Petra (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990) pls 5-19
10. T. Weber and R. Wenning, Petra: Antike Felsstadt zwischen Arabischer Tradition und Griechischer Norm (Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 1997) 87-88
11. I. Browning, Petra (London: Chatto & Windus, 1980) 79-88
12. E. Renan, Mission de phénicie (Paris: Imprimerie Imperial, 1864; new printing: Academie Francaise, 1998) 162-63, 208
13. J. Magness, "The Community at Qumran in Light of Its Pottery," Methods of Investigation, 39-48
14. R. de Vaux, Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973) 43 and pl. XXIII
15. cf. R. Reich, "Miqwa'ot at Qumran and the Jerusalem Connection," The Dead Sea Scrolls: Fifty Years After their Discovery: Proceedings of the Jerusalem Congress, July 20-25, 1997 (eds L.H. Schiffman, E. Tov, J.C. VanderKam, and G. Marquis; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 2000) 728-31
16. De Vaux, Archaeology and the Dead Sea Scrolls, 41-44
17. C. Clamer, Fouilles Archéologiques de 'Ein ez-Zara/ Callirrhoé: villégiature hérodienne (Beirut: Institut Français d'Archéologie du Proche-Orient, 1997) 73-79
18. See H. Geva, "Searching for Roman Jerusalem," BAR 23/6 (Nov./Dec. 1997) 35-45, 72-73
19. K.D. Politis, "Excavations at the Nabataean Cemetary at Khirbet Qazone, 1996-1997," ADAJ 42 (1998) 611
20. H. Shanks, "Who Lies Here?" BAR 25 (Sept.-Oct. 1999) 48-53, 76
21. J.E. Zias, "The Cemeteries of Qumran and Celibacy: Confusion Laid to Rest?" DSD 7 (2000) 243
22. A. Steudel, "The Houses of Prostration CD XI, 21-XII, 1 - Duplicates of the Temple," RevQ 16 (1993) 49-68
23. B. Gärtner, The Temple and the Community in Qumran and the New Testament: A Comparative Study in the Temple Symbolism of the Qumran Texts and the New Testament (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965) 1-46
24. R.J. McKelvey, The New Temple (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969) 36-38,46-57
25. G. Klinzing, Die Umdeutung des Kultus in der Qumrangemeinde und im Neuen Testament (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1971) 11-166
26. D. Dimant, "4QFlorilegium and the Idea of the Community as Temple," Hellenica et Judaica: Hommage à Valentin Nikiprowetzky (eds A. Caquot, M. Hadas-Lebel, and J. Riaud; Leuven: Peeters, 1986) 165-89
27. According to M. Haran, in Israel incense was only burned in the Jerusalem Temple: "The Uses of Incense in the Ancient Israelite Ritual," VT 10 (1960) 113-29
28. idem, Temples and Temple-service in Ancient Israel: An Inquiry into the Character of Cult Phenomena and the Historical Setting of the Priestly School (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978) 235-41
29. idem, "'Incense Altars' - Are They?" Biblical Archaeology Today (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1993) 237-47
30. S. Gitin, "Incense Altars from Ekron, Israel and Judah: Context and Typology," Yigael Yadin Memorial Volume (eds A. Ben-Tor et al.; ErIsr 20; Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1989) 52-67
31. idem, "New Incense Altars from Ekron: Context, Typology and Function," Avraham Biran Volume (eds E. Stern and T. Levy; ErIsr 23
32. J. Milgrom, "The Burning of Incense in the Time of the Second Temple" (Heb.), Sefer Ben-Zion Luria: Studies in Bible and the History of Israel Presented in Honor of his Seventieth Birthday (Jerusalem: Kiryat-Sepher, 1979) 330-34. On the incense altar and burning of incense in the Temple, see e.g. Exod. 30:1-10; 37:25-28; 1 Kgs 6:20-22; 7:48; 2 Chron. 26:16
33. S. Gitin, "The Altar - Form and Function," ASOR lecture, November 1995
34. O. Borowski, "Hezekiah's Reforms and the Revolt against Assyria," BA 58 (1995) 148-55
35. "The Burning of Incense," 333-34