The effect of open-air factors on the virulence and viability of airborne

Epidemiology and Infection

Volumn 137, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 753-761

  Hood, A Michael ^a,b  

^a PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

^b NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Airborne; F. tularensis; Viability; Virulence

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; AIRBORNE BACTERIUM; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; BACTERIAL VIABILITY; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS; GUINEA PIG; NONHUMAN; OPEN AIR FACTORS; PARTICLE SIZE; POPULATION DENSITY; REVIEW; TULAREMIA; UNITED KINGDOM; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; HUMIDITY; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; VIRULENCE;

AEROSOLS; AIR MICROBIOLOGY; ANIMALS; BIOTERRORISM; FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS; GREAT BRITAIN; GUINEA PIGS; HUMIDITY; TULAREMIA; VIRULENCE;

EID: 67649710030     PISSN: 09502688     EISSN: 14694409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268809002076     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. May KP, Druett HA, Packman LP. Toxicity of open air to a variety of microorganisms. Nature 1969; 221: 1146-1147.
2. Hood AM. An indoor system for the study of biological aerosols in open air conditions. Journal of Hygiene 1971; 69: 607-617.
3. Hood AM. Open air factors in enclosed systems. Journal of Hygiene 1974; 72: 53-60.
4. Benbough JE, Hood AM. Viricidal activity of open air. Journal of Hygiene 1971; 69: 619-626.
5. Southey RFW, Harper GJ. The survival of Erwinia amylovora in airborne particles : Tests in the laboratory and in open air. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1971; 34: 547-556.
6. Harper GJ, Morton JD. The respiratory retention of bacterial aerosols; experiments with radioactive spores. Journal of Hygiene 1953; 51: 372-385.
7. Druett HA. The open air factor. In: Hers JFP, Winkler KC, eds. Airborne Transmission and Airborne Infection. Utrecht: Oosthoek Publishing Co., 1973.
8. Harper GJ. The influence of urban and rural air on the survival of micro-organisms exposed on microthreads. In: Hers JFP, Winkler KC, eds. Airborne Transmission and Airborne Infection. Utrecht: Oosthoek Publishing Co., 1973.
9. De Mik G, de Groot I. The germicidal effect of the open air in different parts of the Netherlands. Journal of Hygiene 1977; 78 175-187.
10. Schlamm NA. Detection of viability in aged or injured Pasteurella tularensis. Journal of Bacteriology 1960; 80: 818-822.
11. Hood AM. Infectivity of Pasteurella tularensis clouds. Journal of Hygiene 1961; 59: 497-504.
12. Sawyer WD, et al. Effect of aerosol age on the infectivity of airborne Pasteurella tularensis for Macaca mulatto and man. Journal of Bacteriology 1966; 91; 2180-2184.
13. Hood AM. A growth medium without blood cells for Pasteurella tularensis. Journal of General Microbiology 1961; 26: 45-48.
14. Hood AM. Virulence factors of Francisella tularensis. Journal of Hygiene 1977; 79: 47-60.
15. Eigelsbach HT, Braun W, Herring RD. Studies on the variation of Bacterium tularense. Journal of Bacteriology 1951; 61: 557-569.
16. Hambleton P, et al. Vaccine potencies of the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis and isolated bacterial components. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 1974; 55 363-373.
17. Elsworth R, et al. Production of Escherichia coli as a source of nucleic acids. Journal of Applied Chemistry 1968; 17 157-166.
18. Harper GJ, Hood AM, Morton JD. Airborne microorganisms: A technique for studying their survival. Journal of Hygiene 1958; 56: 364-370.
19. May KP. The Collison nebulizer: Description, performance and application. Aerosol Science 1973; 4: 235-243.
20. Larson EW. Environmental variables and microbial survival. A perspective on environmental effects research. In: Hers JFP, Winkler KC, eds. Airborne Transmission and Airborne Infection. Utrecht: Oosthoek Publishing Co., 1973.
21. Henderson DW. An apparatus for the study of airborne infection. Journal of Hygiene 1952; 50: 53-68.
22. Goldberg LJ, et al. Use of a rotating drum for the study of aerosols over extended time intervals. American Journal of Hygiene 1958; 68: 85-93.
23. May KP. Multistage liquid impinger. Bacteriological Reviews 1966; 30: 559-570.
24. Druett HA, May KP. The open air factor. New Scientist 1969; 41: 579-581.
25. Anderson JD. Biochemical studies of lethal processes in aerosols of Escherichia coli. Journal of General Microbiology 1966; 45 303-313.
26. Druett HA. A mobile form of the Henderson apparatus. Journal of Hygiene 1969; 67: 437-448.
27. May KP, Harper GJ. The efficiency of various liquid impinger samplers in bacterial aerosols. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 1957; 14: 287-297.
28. Norris KP, Greenstreet JES, Bishop EW. Uses of trajectory analysis in aerobiology. MRE Report 50, 1969. DEFE55/351.
29. Guyton AC. Analysis of respiratory patterns in laboratory animals. American Journal of Physiology 1947; 150: 78-83.
30. Hood AM, Stagg AJ, Willis HI. Survival of airborne influenza virus in open air. First International Conference for Aerobiology, Munich, 1978.
31. De MIK G, de Groot I. Breaks induced in the deoxyribonucleic acid of aerosolised Escherichia coli by ozonised cyclohexene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1978; 35: 6-10.