Adapting by learning: The evolution of China's rural health care financing

Modern China

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 370-404

  Wang, Shaoguang ^a  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Adaptive capacity; China model; Cooperative medical system; Health care financing; Learning model

Indexed keywords

HEALTH CARE; HEALTH SERVICES; LEARNING; MODELING; POLICY MAKING; RURAL AREA;

ASIA; CHINA; EURASIA; FAR EAST;

EID: 67649635229     PISSN: 00977004     EISSN: 15526836     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0097700409335381     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. BO Xianfeng and Dong Jianzhen (1993) "Huilaiba! Hezuo yiliao" (Come back! CMS). Zhongguo gaige (China reform) 2: 46-48.
2. Cai Shengga (1987) "Wei jianli juyou Zhongguo tese de shehui yiliao baoxian zhidu er nuli" (Strive to establish a social medical insurance system with Chinese characteristics). CRHM 10: 5-6.
3. Cao Guoming (1993) "Dui woguo nongcun yiliao baojian zhidu mingcheng wenti de shangque" (A discussion of the name of China's rural health care system). CPH 10: 17-18.
4. Cao PU (2006) "Gaige kaifangqian Zhongguo nongcun hezuo yiliao zhidu" (China's rural CMS before reform and opening to the outside world). Zhonggong dangshi ziliao 3: 134-44.
5. CHE. Zhongguo weisheng jingji (China health economics).
6. Chen Fei, Zhang Zikuan, and Chang Hongen (2007) "Chijiao yisheng lailongqumai" (The pedigree of barefoot doctors). Jiankangbao, 9 Nov.
7. Chen Minzhang (1996) "Guanche luoshi zhongyang guanyu fazhan he wanshan nongcun hezuo yiliao de zhongda juece" (Implementing the key decisions of the central government on developing and improving the rural CMS). CRHM 8: 7-11.
8. Cheng Yunfei and Zhang Chengmo (1987) "Qianlun fengxianxing nongcun yiliao baoxian zhidu" (An analysis of "risk-oriented" rural health insurance system). Zhongguo weisheng shiye guanli (China health care management) 5: 38-41.
9. Commentator (1987) "Jiji tansuo he fazhan juyou Zhongguo tese de nongcun yiliao baojian zhidu" (Actively explore and develop a rural health care system with unique Chinese characteristics). CRHM 10: 2-5.
10. CPC Central Committee and State Council (1997) "Guanyu weisheng gaige yu fazhan de jueding" (Decisions on health reform and development). Jan. 15.
11. CPC Central Committee and State Council (2002) "Guanyu jinyibu jiaqiang nongcun weisheng gongzuo de jueding" (The decision on further boosting the rural health care endeavor). Oct. 19.
12. CPH. Zhongguo chuji weisheng baojian (China primary health care).
13. Cretin, Shan, Albert P. Williams, and Jeffrey Sine (2006) "China rural health insurance experiment: Final report." RAND Health Working Papers, WR-411.
14. CRHM. Zhongguo nongcun weisheng shiye guanli (China rural health care management).
15. Dolowitz, D. and D. Marsh (1996) "Who learns what from whom: A review of the policy transfer literature." Political Studies 44: 343-57.
16. Fang Jian (1980) "Wei nongcun hezuo yiliao dashengjihu" (Strongly appeal for rural CMS). Zhongyuan yikan 2: 2.
17. Feng Xueshan, Tang Shenglan, GU Xingyuan, G. Bloom, and M. Segall (1994) "The impacts of economic system reform on rural health services." Health Economics Studies 5.
18. Folke, Carl, Johan Colding, and Fikret Berkes (2003) "Synthesis: building resilience and adaptive capacity in social-ecological systems." Pp. 352-87 in Fikret Berkes, Johan Colding, and Carl Folke (eds.), Navigating Social-Ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
19. FU Jianhui (2005) "Cong jiti fuli dao shehui baozhang: Lun renmin gongshe yu jiating jingying shiqi de nongcun hezuo yiliao zhidu" (From collective welfare to social security: On the rural CMS of the people's commune period and after). Guangxi shehui kexue 2: 167-69.
20. Fujian Health Administration (1979) "Jianding buyi di banhao nongcun hezuo yiliao" (Unswervingly promote rural CMS). Fujian yiyao zazhi 6: 1-2.
21. GU Jiaen (2006) "Renmin gongshe shiqi nongcun hezuo yiliao shiye chenggong de yuanyin tanxi" (An analysis of the reasons for the success of the rural CMS during the people's commune period). Wuhan zhiye jishu xueyuan xuebao 1: 28-31.
22. Guinier, Lani (2008) "Beyond electocracy: Rethinking the political representative as a powerful stranger." Modern Law Rev. 71, 1: 1-35.
23. Hall, Peter A. (1993) "Policy paradigms, social learning and the state: The case of economic policy making in Britain." Comparative Politics 25, 3: 275-96.
24. Heclo, Hugh (1974) Modern Social Politics in Britain and in Sweden. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.
25. Heilmann, Sebastian (2008) "Policy experimentation in China's economic rise." Studies of Comparative and International Development 43, 1: 1-26.
26. HU Xintai (1987) "Weisheng baojian zhidu de gaige" (Health care system reform). CHE 10: 4-8.
27. HU Zhendong (2006) "Wuming yingxiong litui nongcun hezuo yiliao zouxiang quanguo" (Unknown heroes vigorously push rural CMS nationwide). Jiuye yu baozhang 10: 19-22.
28. Jamison, Dean T. (1984) China, the Health Sector. Washington, DC: World Bank.
29. Jintan County Health Administration (1987) "Dui shishi duozhong yiliao baojian zhidu de tansuo (An exploration of diverse health care systems). CRHM 9: 37-40.
30. LI Decheng (2007) "Zhongguo nongcun chuantong hezuo yiliao zhidu yanjiu zongshu" (An overview of China's rural CMS). Huadong ligong daxue xuebao 1: 19-24.
31. LI Peng (1991) "Guanyu guomin jingji he shehui fazhan shinian guihua he dibage wunian jihua gangyao de baogao" (Report on the outline of the 10-year program and the eighth 5-year plan for national economic and social development). March 25. .
32. LI Xile and Shao Bingxiao (1994) "Cong hezuo yiliao yu yiliao baoxian de yitong kan woguo nongcun yiliao baojian zhidu gaige de celüe" (Assessing China's rural health care system reform policy based on a comparison of CMS and health insurance). CRHM 12: 1-3.
33. Lin, Justin Y. (2007) "Development and transition: Idea, strategy and viability." Marshall Lectures, Oct. 31 to Nov. 1, Cambridge Univ.
34. Liu Yajing (2004) " Woguo nongcun hezuo yiliao baozhang zhidu de lishi sikao ji zhengce jianyi" (Historical thoughts and policy recommendations for China's rural CMS). Shequ yixue zazhi 6: 37-41.
35. Luo Yiqin (1989) "Woguo nongcun shixing jiankang baoxian wenti de yanjiu" (A study of the problems facing rural health insurance in China). CPH 4: 2-7.
36. Mao Qun'an (2008) "Zengjia buzhu menzhen tongchou quanguo 31 shengfen shixian xinnonghe quanfugai" (By increasing the subsidy for unified medical services, NCMS coverage extended to the whole nation). July 10. .
37. Mao Zedong (1968) "Dui diaocha baogao 'cong Jiangzhen gongshe chijiao yisheng de chengzhang kan yixue jiaoyu geming de fangxiang' de piyu" (Comment on the investigation report titled 'Gauging the direction of the medical education revolution from the barefoot doctors of Jiangzhen Commune'). Jianguo yilai Mao Zedong wengao (Mao Zedong's manuscripts since the establishment of the PRC), Vol 12. Beijing: Zhongyang wenxian chubanshe, 1998.
38. Mao Zehe (2002) "Gonggu yu wanshan Xizang hezuo yiliao mianlin de wenti yu jiejue duice" (Problems and solutions in reinforcing and improving the CMS in Tibet). Xizang keji 8: 4-7.
39. May, Peter J. (1992) "Policy learning and failure." J. of Public Policy 12, 4: 331-54.
40. Miao Baoying and Wang Zhenhuan (1991) "Danchun fengxianxing hezuo yiliao buyi tichang" (Pure risk-oriented CMS should not be promoted). CPH 9: 9-10.
41. Ministry of Health (1992) "Guanyu shenhua weisheng gaige de jidian yijian" (Opinions on the deepening of health reform). Sept. 23.
42. Ministry of Health and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1987) "Qiwu shiqi weisheng gaige tiyao" (The outline of health reform during the seventh 5-year plan period). Feb. 14. .
43. Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Finance, State General Medical Administration, and Chinese Supply and Marketing Cooperatives (1979) "Nongcun hezuo yiliao zhangcheng" (Rural CMS regulations). Dec. 15. .
44. Newell, Kenneth W. (1975) Health by the People. Geneva: World Health Organization.
45. North, Douglass (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
46. Party Committee of the Ministry of Health (1965) "Guanyu chengshi zuzhi xunhui yiliaodui xia nongcun peihe shehuizhuyi jiaoyu yundong jinxing fangbing zhibing gongzuo de baogao" (Report on organizing mobile medical teams in the cities to send to the countryside to prevent and treat diseases amid the Socialist Education Movement). Aug. 2, .
47. Peng Peiyun (1996) "Zai quanguo nongcun hezuo yiliao jingyan jiaoliuhui shang de jianghua" (A speech at the National Rural Cooperative Medical Care Seminar). CRHM 8: 1-2.
48. Qian Wenyan (2006) "Jianguohou 30 nian Zhejiang nongcun hezuo yiliao zhidu de lishi kaocha" (A historical review of Zhejiang's rural CMS for 30 years after the founding of new China). Anhui nongye daxue xuebao 6: 74-77.
49. Qian Zhongxin (1991) "Bianzhe an" (Editor's note). CRHM 12: 1.
50. Ramo, Joshua Cooper (2004) The Beijing Consensus: Notes on the New Physics of Chinese Power. London: Foreign Policy Centre.
51. Research Group (1988) "Nongcun hezuo yiliao baojian zhidu de xilie yanjiu" (A series of researches on rural CMS). CHE, 4: 13-19.
52. Research Taskforce of China's Rural Medical and Health Care System (1991) Zhongguo nongcun yiliao baojian zhidu yanjiu (A study of China's rural health care system). Shanghai: Kexue jishu chubanshe.
53. Revolutionary Committee of Changyang County, Hubei (1968) "Women henzhuale sanjian dashi: Leyuan renmin gongshe shixing hezuo yiliao zhidu de jingyan" (We focused on three things: The experience of Leyuan commune in implementing the CMS). Renmin ribao, Dec. 11.
54. Rogers, Everett M. (1983) Diffusion of Innovations. New York: Free Press.
55. Rose, Richard (1991) "What is lesson-drawing?" J. of Public Policy 2, 1: 3-30.
56. Rural Economy Team of China Health Economics Association (1986) "Nongcun de yiliao baojian xuqiu yu duice: Disanci quanguo nongcun weisheng jingji xueshu taolunhui zongshu (Rural health care demand and strategy: A summary of the third national rural health economics seminar). CHE 1: 31-35.
57. Sabatier, Paul A. and Hank C. Jenkins-Smith (1993) Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Boulder, CO: Westview.
58. Seifert, Harry E. (1935) "Life tables for Chinese farmers." Milbank Memorial Fund Q. 13, 3: 223-36.
59. Song Binwen (2004) "Woguo nongcun hezuo yiliao de guoqu xianzai he weilai" (The past, present, and future of China's rural CMS). Yixue yu zhexue 3: 32-52.
60. Stiefel, Matthias and W.F. Wertheim (1983) Production, Equity and Participation in Rural China. London: Zed Press.
61. Subcommittee of Medicine, Health and Sports of the CPPCC National Committee (1995) "Guanyu nongcun weisheng gongzuo diaocha baogao" (An investigative report on rural health care). Zhongguo weisheng zhiliang guanli (China's health quality management), Supplement 1: 7-10.
62. Wang Qingyuan and XU Debin (2005) "Hezuo yiliao lishi huigu yu Ganyu xian shishi xinxing nongcun hezuo yiliao zhidu de zuofa" (A historical review of CMS and the practice of Ganyu county in setting up a NCMS). Jiangsu weisheng baojian 1: 11-12.
63. Wang Shaoguang and HU Angang (2001) The Chinese Economy in Crisis: State Capacity and Tax Reform. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
64. Wang Shidong and YE Yide (2004) "Nongcun hezuo yiliao zhidu de huigu yu fazhan yanjiu" (A review and study of the rural CMS). CPH 4: 10-12.
65. Wolman, Harold (1992) "Understanding cross-national policy transfers: The case of Britain and the United States." Governance 5, 1: 27-45.
66. World Bank (1993) World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. Washington, DC: Author.
67. World Health Organization (1978) Primary Health Care: Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care. Geneva: Author.
68. World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund (1975) Meeting Basic Health Needs in Developing Countries: Alternative Approaches. Geneva: World Health Organization.
69. WU Lixing and Zhang Yanwu (2006) "Nongmin jianfu jixianfeng" (Pioneer in reducing the farmers' burden). Nongmin ribao, May 27.
70. WU Yanming (1988) "Guanyu nongcun weisheng gaige de sikao: Yu weisheng juzhang tantao jige remen huati" (Thoughts on rural health reform: Discussing hot topics with health bureau directors). CRHM 7: 1-6.
71. Wu YI (2005) "Zai 2005 nian quanguo xinxing nongcun hezuo yiliao shidian gongzuo huiyi shang de jianghua" (A speech at the 2005 National NCMS pilot work conference), Sept. 14. .
72. Xia Xingzhen (2003) "Nongcun hezuo yiliao zhidu de lishi kaocha" (A historical review of the rural CMS). Dangdai Zhongguo shi yanjiu 5: 110-18.
73. Xu Jie (1997) "Dui woguo weisheng jingji zhengce de lishi huigu he sikao" (A historical review of China's health economic policy). CHE 10: 7-8.
74. Yang Huifang and Chen Caigeng (2004) "Moxige he Baxi de nongcun yiliao baoxian zhidu jiqi dui Zhongguo jianli nongcun xinxing hezuo yiliao zhidu de jidian qishi" (The rural medical insurance systems of Mexico and Brazil and their insights for China's establishment of the rural NCMS). Lading Meizhou yanjiu 5: 50-58.
75. Yang Shengqun and Tian Songnian (2000) "Renmin gongshe de youlai" (The origin of the people's communes). .
76. Yao LI (2007a) "Nongcun hezuo yiliao jingyan yu fansi" (Rural CMS: Experience and introspection). AprTl 7. .
77. Yao LI (2007b) "Ba yiliao weisheng gongzuo de zhongdian fangdao nongcun qu: Mao Zedong 626 zhishi de lishi kaocha" (Shift the focus of health care to the countryside: A historical perspective on Mao Zedong's June 26 directive). Dangdai Zhongguo shi yanjiu 3: 99-104.
78. Yao Yang (2008) "Shifou cunzai yige Zhongguo moshi" (Does there exist a China model?). Tianyi jiangtang, Ningbo Library, March 8. .
79. Yip, Ka-Che (1992) "Health and nationalist reconstruction: Rural health in Nationalist China, 1928-1937." Modern Asian Studies 26, 2: 395-415.
80. Yuan MU and Chen Minzhang (1994) "Jiakuai nongcun hezuo yiliao baojian zhidu de gaige he jianshe" (Speeding up the reform and construction of the rural CMS). Renmin ribao, July 2.
81. Yue Qianhou and HE Puyan (2007) "Shanxisheng Jishanxian nongcun gonggong weisheng shiye shuping 1949-1985 nian" (A review and commentary of rural public health care in Jishan county, Shanxi, 1949-1985). Dangdai Zhongguo shi yanjiu 5: 62-69.
82. Zhang Chaoyang and Yu Jun (1997) "Nongcun hezuo yiliao chuxian le lianghao fazhan shitou" (The rural CMS has gained new development momentum). CRHM 2: 13.
83. Zhang Deyuan (2005) "Zhongguo nongcun yiliao weisheng shiye de huigu yu sikao" (A review and consideration of China's rural health care). Weisheng jingji yanjiu 10: 19-21.
84. Zhang Zikuan (1982) "Nongcun hezuo yiliao yinggai kending yinggai tichang yinggai fazhan" (The rural CMS should be affirmed, promoted, and developed). CRHM 2: 31-33.
85. Zhang Zikuan ([1987] 1992) "Zai hezuo yiliao wenti shang ying chengqing sixiang tongyi renshi" (Clarify thoughts and unify understanding with regard to CMS). CRHM 6: 8-10.
86. Zhang Zikuan ([1985] 1993) "Zhongguo de chuji weisheng baojian yao zou ziji de lu " (China's primary health care should find its own path). CRHM 5: 1-4.
87. Zhang Zikuan (1992) "Dui hezuo yiliao zaoqi lishi qingkuang de huigu" (A recollection of the early history of the CMS). CHE 6: 21-23.
88. Zhang Zikuan, Zhu Zihui, Wang Shucheng, and Zhang Chaoyang (1994) "Guanyu woguo nongcun hezuo yiliao baojian zhidu de huiguxing yanjiu" (A retrospective study of China's rural CMS). CRHM 6: 4-9.
89. Zhi Junbo (1992) "Shenhua weisheng gaige de fangxiang renwu yu zhengce" (The direction, task, and policy of deepening health reform). Yixue lilun yu shijian 3: 1-4.
90. Zhou Shouqi (1987) "Hezuo yiliao yu jiankang baoxian de bijiao" (A comparison of CMS and health insurance). CRHM 12: 54-57.
91. Zhou Shouqi (1990) "Zhongguo nongcun jiankang baozhang zhidu zongshu" (An overview of China's rural health security system). Zhongguo yiyao guanli 5: 5-8.
92. Zhou Tingyu (2008) "2008 nian woguo xinnonghe buzhu biaozhun fanfan fanwei kuoda" (China doubled the rate and scope of subsidy for the NCMS). Xinhuanet.com, Feb. 15.
93. Zhu Aorong (1988) "Hezuo yiliao dangqian nongcun weisheng gaige de guanjian" (CMS: The key to rural health reform). CRHM 1: 51-54.
94. Zhu Aorong, WU Yanming, and YE Yide (1991) "Chongzhen hezuo yiliao baojian zhidu" (Rejuvenating the CMS). CRHM 12: 19-24.
95. Zhu Qingsheng (2004) "Tuijin Zhongguo xinxing nongcun hezuo yiliao zhidu jianshe" (Push forward the construction of China's NCMS). Sep. 17. .
96. Zou Lixing and Meng Jianguo (1995) "Yinni Taiguo Feilubin nongcun jiankang baozhang zhidu dui women de qishi" (The rural health security systems of Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines and their insights for us). CHE 8: 56-57.