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Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 225-252

The politics of promiscuity: Masculinity and heroic representation at the court of Henry IV

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EID: 67649616698     PISSN: 00161071     EISSN: 15275493     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/00161071-26-2-225     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 79958655234 scopus 로고
    • Paris
    • Yves Cazaux, Henri IV: Les horizons du règne (Paris, 1986), 100-111 does focus briefly on opposition to Henry's relationship to Gabrielle d'Estrées with reference to negative polemics and imagery
    • (1986) Henri IV: Les horizons du règne , pp. 100-111
    • Cazaux, Y.1
  • 2
    • 61249512064 scopus 로고
    • Richard Brilliant, Portraiture (Cambridge, 1991), 7-8, 40-43 notes that historians tend to restrict themselves to matters of identifying the material object of the portrait. He argues instead for the relationship between the portrait and the sitter in terms of expressions of identity while admitting that the viewer is often looking at how the sitter chose to stage his identity
    • (1991) Portraiture , vol.7 , pp. 40-43
    • Brilliant, R.1
  • 5
    • 67649615248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homosociality and Erotics in Italian Renaissance Portraiture
    • ed. Joanna Woodall Manchester
    • For intertextual analysis of portrait imagery, see especially Patricia Simons, "Homosociality and Erotics in Italian Renaissance Portraiture," in Portraiture: Facing the Subject, ed. Joanna Woodall (Manchester, 1997), 29-51
    • (1997) Portraiture: Facing the Subject , pp. 29-51
    • Simons, P.1
  • 6
    • 79958568608 scopus 로고
    • On Some Essays of Virgil
    • trans. Donald M. Frame Stanford, Calif
    • See for example Michel de Montaigne, "On Some Essays of Virgil," in The Complete Essays of Montaigne, trans. Donald M. Frame (Stanford, Calif., 1948), 654
    • (1948) The Complete Essays of Montaigne , pp. 654
    • De Montaigne, M.1
  • 9
    • 2642586535 scopus 로고
    • See also the analysis of images of François I in R. J. Knecht, Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I (Cambridge, 1994), 105-9. Knecht emphasizes the conjunctions between art and politics as expressed by images of the king as physically imposing
    • (1994) Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I , pp. 105-109
    • Knecht, R.J.1
  • 12
    • 2642557201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The King Who Would Be a Man: Henry III, Gender Identity and the Murders at Blois, 1588
    • Anita M. Walker and Edmund H. Dickerman, "The King Who Would Be a Man: Henry III, Gender Identity and the Murders at Blois, 1588," Historical Reflexions/Réflections historiques 24 (1998): 252-81
    • (1998) Historical Reflexions/Réflections historiques , vol.24 , pp. 252-281
    • Walker, A.M.1    Dickerman, E.H.2
  • 13
    • 85038786764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thomas, Henri IV, 65, 107-10, contends that Henry IV was the first French king to utilize engraved images as propaganda. Most images emphasized his sympathetic demeanor (although the verse captions Thomas cites rely heavily on military imagery) and played down the prominence of the nose. The combination of words and images was designed to minimize doubt and establish the veracity of the scene
    • Henri IV , vol.65 , pp. 107-110
    • Thomas1
  • 14
    • 85022629507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Buisseret, Henry IV, 28-43 for this period of pacification
    • Henry IV , pp. 28-43
    • Buisseret1
  • 17
    • 0004064260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodomy could mean masturbation, sexual behavior between two men, between a person and an animal, or between a man and a woman in such a way that conception was impossible. On early modern "deviant" sexual practices generally, see Michael Rocke, Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence (Oxford, 1996)
    • (1996) Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence
    • Rocke, M.1
  • 19
    • 2642569363 scopus 로고
    • Unmasking a King: The Political Uses of Popular Literature under the French Catholic League, 1588-89
    • David A. Bell, "Unmasking a King: The Political Uses of Popular Literature under the French Catholic League, 1588-89," Sixteenth Century Journal 20 (1989): 371-86
    • (1989) Sixteenth Century Journal , vol.20 , pp. 371-386
    • Bell, D.A.1
  • 20
    • 85046725513 scopus 로고
    • Women in Frames: The Gaze, the Eye, the Profile in Renaissance Portraiture
    • See especially Patricia Simons, "Women in Frames: The Gaze, the Eye, the Profile in Renaissance Portraiture," in The Expanding Discourse: Feminism and Art History, ed. Naomi Broude and Mary D. Garrad (New York, 1992), 39-57, for gender conventions of the female gaze. In France, royal portrait style had adopted an averted gaze pose for queens and women of high rank
    • (1992) The Expanding Discourse: Feminism and Art History , pp. 39-57
    • Simons, P.1
  • 21
    • 85038694525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rouen, Musée des Beaux-Arts
    • See for instance François Clouet, Diana Bathing (c. 1550-60, Rouen, Musée des Beaux-Arts)
    • Diana Bathing , vol.100 , pp. 1550-1560
    • Clouet, F.1
  • 23
    • 33644678410 scopus 로고
    • Paris
    • On Charles IX, see Michel Simonin, Charles IX (Paris, 1995), 388-89
    • (1995) Charles IX , pp. 388-389
    • Simonin, M.1
  • 26
    • 85038680705 scopus 로고
    • Thomas de Leu et les portraits gravés d'Henri IV
    • Jean Adhémar, "Thomas de Leu et les portraits gravés d'Henri IV," Maso Finiguerra 2 (1937): 219-26, noted the emphasis on the succession question in the court portraits around 1598
    • (1937) Maso Finiguerra , vol.2 , pp. 219-226
    • Adhémar, J.1
  • 29
    • 0011553985 scopus 로고
    • Sometimes a Scepter Is only a Scepter: Pornography and Politics in Restoration England
    • ed. Lynn Hunt New York
    • see Rachel Weil, "Sometimes a Scepter Is Only a Scepter: Pornography and Politics in Restoration England," in The Invention of Pornography: Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, 1500-1800, ed. Lynn Hunt (New York, 1993), 124-53. The figure was also used frequently against Henry III and seems to have been well known
    • (1993) The Invention of Pornography: Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, 1500-1800 , pp. 124-153
    • Weil, R.1
  • 30
    • 85038707352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mémoires-Journaux
    • L'Estoile, Mémoires-Journaux, 7:178-79: "Mariez-vous, de par Dieu, Sire! / Vostre lignage est bien certain: / Car un peu de plomb et de cire / Légitime un fils de putain / Putain dont les soeurs sont putantes, / Comme fut la mère jadis, / Et les cousines et les tantes, / Horsmis Madame de Sourdis! / Il vaudroit mieux que la Lorraine / Vostre Roiaume eust envahi, / Qu'un fils bastard de La Varaine / Ou fils bastard de Stavahi."
    • , vol.7 , pp. 178-179
    • L'Estoile1
  • 39
    • 85038691966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sully, Oeconomies royales, 2:295-98. Sully disliked Gabrielle, not least because of the potential problems she might cause Henry
    • Oeconomies royales , vol.2 , pp. 295-298
    • Sully1
  • 44
    • 85038770059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The festivities continued from Friday until Monday. See L'Estoile, Mémoires-Journaux, 7:239-41
    • Mémoires-Journaux , vol.7 , pp. 239-241
    • L'Estoile1
  • 45
    • 79958614267 scopus 로고
    • See also Hercules marrying Hebe in Jean Passerat, In nuptias Henrici III Gallicae Navarraeque regis et Mariae Medicieae (1600), 2-3. The references were not new in French ceremonial practices. Complex programs were deployed in a variety of ceremonial contexts by François I and Henry II, including city entrées. This indicates that the city elites at least expected the images to be intelligible to the king's subjects
    • (1600) In nuptias Henrici III Gallicae Navarraeque regis et Mariae Medicieae , pp. 2-3
    • Passerat, J.1
  • 47


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