Treatment strategies for alopecia

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 10, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1017-1026

  Tosti, Antonella ^a   Duque Estrada, Bruna ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^b Instituto de Dermatologia   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Alopecia areata; Androgenetic alopecia; Cicatricial alopecia; Corticosteroids; Discoid lupus erythematosus; Dissecting folliculitis; Finasteride; Folliculitis decalvans; Hair loss; Hydroxychloroquine; Isotretinoin; Lichen planopilaris; Minoxidil; Scalp; Topical immunotherapy

Indexed keywords

1 CHLORO 2,4 DINITROBENZENE; ALEFACEPT; BETAMETHASONE VALERATE; CLOBETASOL; CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE; CLOBEX; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN A; CYPROTERONE ACETATE; DESOXIMETASONE; DEXAMETHASONE; DIANE; DIPHENCYPRONE; DITHRANOL; DUTASTERIDE; EFALIZUMAB; ETANERCEPT; ETHINYLESTRADIOL; FINASTERIDE; FLUOCINOLONE; INFLIXIMAB; METHOTREXATE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MINOXIDIL; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; PSORALEN; SQUARIC ACID DIBUTYL ESTER; STEROID; TACROLIMUS; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ALOPECIA; ALOPECIA AREATA; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DERMATITIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EJACULATION DISORDER; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; FEMALE PATTERN HAIR LOSS; FOLLICULITIS; HAIR TRANSPLANTATION; HIRSUTISM; HUMAN; HYPERTRICHOSIS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; LIBIDO DISORDER; LOW DRUG DOSE; MALE INFERTILITY; MALE TYPE ALOPECIA; MONOTHERAPY; OPTIMAL DRUG DOSE; OSTEOPOROSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PROSTATE HYPERTROPHY; PRURITUS; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; SCAR ALOPECIA; SEMEN ABNORMALITY; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN IRRITATION; ULTRAVIOLET A RADIATION; WEIGHT GAIN;

ALOPECIA; ANIMALS; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; FINASTERIDE; HUMANS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 67649588536     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656560902876368     Document Type: Review

References (106)

1. Messenger AG, Rundegren J. Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair growth. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:186-194 (Pubitemid 38352454)
2. Rogers NE, Avram MR. Medical treatments for male and female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;59:547-566 •• An updated good review for treatment of AGA.
3. Price VH, Menefee E, Strauss PC. Changes in hair weight and hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia, after application of 5% and 2% topical minoxidil, placebo, or no treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:717-721 (Pubitemid 29514026)
4. Abell E. Histologic response to topically applied minoxidil in male-pattern alopecia. Clin Dermatol 1988;6:191-194
5. Olsen EA, Weiner MS, Amara IA, Delong ER. Five-year followupof men with androgenetic alopecia treated with topical minoxidil. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:643-646 (Pubitemid 20134707)
6. Lucky AW, Picquadio DJ, Ditre CM, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 5% and 2% topical minoxidil solutions in the treatment of female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;50:541-553 (Pubitemid 38393163)
7. Olsen EA, Whiting D, Bergfeld W, et al. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of a novel formulation of 5% minoxidil topical foam versus placebo in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in men. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:767-774 (Pubitemid 47553065)
8. Peluso AM, Misciali C, Vincenzi C, et al. Diffuse hypertrichosis during treatment with 5% topical minoxidil. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:118-120 (Pubitemid 27016189)
9. Friedman ES, Friedman PM, Cohen DE, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis to topical minoxidil solution: etiology and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:309-312 • This is an useful article for alternative vehicles in patients with allergy to the minoxidil solution. (Pubitemid 34118394)
10. Wilson JD, Griffin JE, Russell DW. Steroid 4 alpha reductase 2 deficiency. Endocr Rev 1993;14:577-593
11. Kaufman KD, Olsen EA, Whiting D, et al. Finasteride in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:578-589 (Pubitemid 28465881)
12. Leyden J, Dunlap F, Miller B, et al. Finasteride in the treatment of men with frontal male pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40(6 Pt 1):930-937 (Pubitemid 29268924)
13. Whiting DA, Olsen EA, Savin R, et al.; Male Pattern Hair Loss Study Group. Efficacy and tolerability of finasteride 1 mg in men aged 41 to 60 years with male pattern hair loss. Eur J Dermatol 2003;13(2):150-160
14. D'Amico AV, Roehrborn CG. Effect of 1 mg/day finasteride on concentrations of serum prostate-specific antigen in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:21-25 (Pubitemid 44943084)
15. Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;349:215-224 (Pubitemid 36859473)
16. Arca E, Açikgöz G, Taştan HB, et al. An open, randomized, comparative study of oral finasteride and 5% topical minoxidil in male androgenetic alopecia. Dermatology 2004;209(2):117-125 (Pubitemid 39179081)
17. Diani AR, Mulholland MJ, Shull KL, et al. Hair growth effects of oral administration of finasteride, a steroid 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with topical minoxidil in the balding stump-tail macaque. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:345-350
18. Olsen EA, Hordinsky M, Whiting D, et al. The importance of dual 5 alpha redutase inhibition in the treatment of male pattern hair loss: results of a randomized placebo-controlled study of dutasteride versus finasteride. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:1014-1023
19. Tosti A, Iorizzo M, Vincenzi C. Finasteride treatment may not prevent telogen effluvium after minoxidil withdrawal. Arch Dermatol 2003;139(9):1221- 1222 (Pubitemid 37128395)
20. Whiting DA. Advances in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia, a brief review of finasteride studies. Eur J Dermatol 2001;11(4):332-334 • A concise review of finasteride in the treatment of MPHL. (Pubitemid 32623330)
21. Birch MP, Lashen H, Agarwal S, Messenger AG. Female pattern hair loss, sebum excretion and the end-organ response to androgens. Br J Dermatol 2006;154:85-89 (Pubitemid 43381325)
22. Vexiau P, Chaspoux C, Boudou P. Effects of minoxidil 2% vs. cyproterone acetate treatment on female androgenetic alopecia: a controlled, 12-month randomized trial. Br J Dermatol 2002;146(6):992-999 (Pubitemid 34779479)
23. Price VH, Roberts JL, Hordinsky M, et al. Lack of efficacy of finasteride in postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:768-776 (Pubitemid 30807862)
24. Olsen EA, Hordinsky M, Roberts JL, et al. Dermatologica Consortium for Women's Health. Female pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:795
25. Iorizzo M, Vincenzi C, Voudouris S, et al. Finasteride treatment of female pattern hair loss. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:298-302
26. Kohler C, Tschumi K, Bodmer C, et al. Effect of finasteride 5 mg (Proscar) on acne and alopecia in female patients with normal serum levels of free testosterone. Gynecol Endocrinol 2007;23:142-145 (Pubitemid 46570212)
27. Leavitt M, Perez-Meza D, Rao NA, et al. Effects of finasteride (1 mg) on hair transplant. Dermatol Surg 2005;31:1268-1276 (Pubitemid 41587033)
28. Hillmer A, Hanneken S, Ritzmann S, et al. Genetic variation in the human androgen gene is the major determinant of common early-onset androgenetic alopecia. Am J Hum Genet 2005;77:140-148 (Pubitemid 40848045)
29. Levy-Nissenbaum E, Bar-Natan M, Frydman M, et al. Confirmation of the association between male pattern Baldness and the androgen receptor gene. Eur J Dermatol 2005;15(5):339-340 (Pubitemid 41337408)
30. Hillmer AM, Brockschmidt FF, Hanneken S, et al. Susceptibility variants for male-pattern baldness on chromosome 20p11. Nat Genet 2008;40(11):1279-1281
31. Madani S, Shapiro J. Alopecia areata update. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42(4):549-566 (Pubitemid 30479877)
32. Dudda-Subramanya R, Alexis AF, Siu K, et al. Alopecia areata: genetic complexity underlies clinical heterogeneity. Eur J Dermatol 2007;17:367-374 (Pubitemid 47425901)
33. Gip L, Lodin A, Molin L. Alopecia areata. A follow-up investigation of outpatient material. Acta Derm Venereol 1969;49:180-188
34. MacDonald Hull SP, Wood ML, Hutchinson PE, et al. British Association of Dermatologists. Guidelines for the management of alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 2003;149:692-699 •• A good review involving all treatment modalities available in AA.
35. Tosti A, Bellavista S, Iorizzo M. Alopecia areata: a long term follow-up study of 191 patients, J Am Acad. Dermatol 2006;55:438-441 • An important study in follow-up of AA. (Pubitemid 44189598)
36. Delamere FM, SladdenMJ, Dobbins HM, Leonardi-Bee J. Interventions for alopecia areata. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; Issue 2. Art. No.:CD004413. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004413.pub2 • A review with only randomized controlled trials in alopecia areata. Unfortunately it does not score papers with left to right scalp control.
37. Charuwichitratana S, Wattanakrai P, Tanrattanakorn S. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in the treatment of alopecia areata with 0.25% desoximetasone cream. Arch Dermatol 2000;136:1276-1277 (Pubitemid 30776138)
38. Mancuso G, Balducci A, Casadio C, et al. Efficacy of betamethasone valerate foam formulation in comparison with betamethasone dipropionate lotion in the treatment of mild-to-moderate alopecia areata: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, investigator-blinded trial. Int J Dermatol 2003;42(7):572-575 (Pubitemid 36869157)
39. Tosti A, Maria Piraccini B, Pazzaglia M. Clobetasol propionate 0.05% under occlusion in the treatment of alopecia totalis/universalis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:96-98 (Pubitemid 36801639)
40. Tosti A, Iorizzo M, Milani M. Efficacy and safety of a new clobetasol propionate 0.05% foam in Alopecia areata: a randomised, double-blind placebo controlled trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005;19(Suppl 2):222-223
41. Abell E, Munro DD. Intralesional treatment of alopecia areata with triamcinolone acetonide by jet injector. Br J Dermatol 1973;88:55-59
42. Nakajima T, Inui S, Itami S. Pulse corticosteroid therapy for alopecia areata: study of 139 patients. Dermatology 2007;215(4):320-324 (Pubitemid 47519261)
43. Kurosawa M, Nakagawa S, Mizuashi M. A Comparison of the efficacy, relapse rate, and side effects among three modalities of systemic corticosteroid therapy for alopecia areata. Dermatol 2006;212:361-365
44. Joly P. The use of methotrexate alone or in combination with low doses of oral corticosteroids in the treatment of alopecia totalis or universalis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:632-636 (Pubitemid 44436626)
45. Happle R. Antigenic competition as a therapeutic concept for alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 1984;11(5 pt 1):802-807
46. Happle R, Hausen BM, Wiesner-Menzel L. Diphencyprone in the treatment of alopecia areata. Acta Derm Venereol 1983;63:49-52 (Pubitemid 13172544)
47. Rokhsar CK, Shupack JL, Vafai JJ, et al. Efficacy of topical sensitizers in the treatment of alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:751-761 (Pubitemid 28519028)
48. Wiseman MC, Shapiro J, MacDonald N, et al. Predictive model for immunotherapy of alopecia areata with diphencyprone. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:1063-1068 (Pubitemid 32756464)
49. Schuttelaar ML, Hamstra JJ, Plinck EP, et al. Alopecia areata in children: treatment with diphencyprone. Br J Dermatol 1996;135:581-585 (Pubitemid 26340270)
50. Taylor CR, Haek JL. PUVA treatment of alopecia areata partialis, totalis and universalis: audit of 10 years' experience at St Jonnhn's Institute of Dermatology. Br J Dermatol 1995;133:914-918 (Pubitemid 26009745)
51. Schmoekel C, Weissman I, Plewig G, et al. Treatment of alopecia areata by anthralin-induced dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1979;115:1254-1255 (Pubitemid 10153582)
52. Fielder-Weiss VC, Buys CM. Evaluation of anthralin in the treatment of alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 1987;123:1491-1493 (Pubitemid 17153221)
53. Fiedler VC, Wendrow A, Szpunar GJ, et al. Treatment-resistant alopecia areata. Response to therapy with minoxidil plus anthralin. Arch Dermatol 1990;126(6):756-759
54. Shaheedi-Dadras M, Karami A, Mollaei F, et al. The effect of methylprednisolone pulse-therapy plus oral cyclosporine in the treatment of alopecia totalis and universalis. Arch Iran Med 2008;11(1):90-93 (Pubitemid 351233554)
55. Kim BJ, Min SU, Park KY, et al. Combination therapy of cyclosporine and methylprednisolone on severe alopecia areata. J Dermatolog Treat 2008;19(4):216-220
56. Cerottini JP, Panizzon RG, de Viragh PA. Multifocal alopecia areata during systemic cyclosporine a therapy. Dermatol 1999;198(4):415-417 (Pubitemid 29335744)
57. Khoury EL, Price VH, Abdel-Salam MM, et al. Topical minoxidil in alopecia areata: no effect on the perifollicular lymphoid infiltration. J Invest Dermatol 1992;99(1):40-47
58. Feldmann KA, Kunte C, Wollenberg A, et al. Is topical tacrolimus effective in alopecia areata universalis? Br J Dermatol 2002;147(5):1031-1032
59. Thiers BH. Topical tacrolimus: treatment failure in a patient with alopecia areata. Arch Dermatol 2000;136(1):124 (Pubitemid 30038834)
60. Bissonnette R, Shapiro J, Zeng H, et al. Topical photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolaevulinic acid does not induce hair regrowth in patients with extensive alopecia areata. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:1032-1035 (Pubitemid 30848100)
61. Strober BE, Siu K, Alexis AF, et al. Etanercept does not effectively treat moderate to severe alopecia areata: an open-label study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:1082-1084 (Pubitemid 40732553)
62. Kaelin U, Hassan AS, Braathen LR, et al. Treatment of alopecia areata partim universalis with efalizumab. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:529-532 (Pubitemid 44189605)
63. Tosti A, Pazzaglia M, Starace M, et al. Alopecia areata during treatment with biologic agents. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:1653 (Pubitemid 44969232)
64. Somani N, Bergfeld WF. Cicatricial alopecia: classification and histopathology. Dermatol Ther 2008;21:221-237 (Pubitemid 352009067)
65. Chieregato C, Zini A, Barba A, et al. Lichen planopilaris: report of 30 cases and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 2003;42(5):342-345 (Pubitemid 36681713)
66. Kang H, Alzolibani AA, Otberg N, et al. Lichen planopilaris. Dermatol Ther 2008;21(4):249-256 • A good review on clinical features and treatment available for LPP. (Pubitemid 352009069)
67. Harries MJ, Sinclair RD, MacDonald-Hu S, et al. Management of primary cicatricial alopecias: options for treatment. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:1-22 • A complete review of treatment modalities in cicatricial alopecia. (Pubitemid 351874476)
68. Blazek C, Megahed M. Lichen planopilaris: successful treatment with tacrolimus. Hautarzt 2008;59(11):874-877
69. Cevasco NC, Bergfeld WF, Remzi BK, et al. A case-series of 29 patients with lichen planopilaris: the Cleveland Clinic Foundation experience on evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:47-53 (Pubitemid 46899269)
70. Reygagne P, Assouly P, Matard B, et al. Oral cyclosporin in lichen planopilaris. Dermatol 2006;213:59
71. Mehregan DA, van Hale HM, Muller SA. Lichen planopilaris: clinical and pathologic study of forty-five patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:935
72. Wiseman MC, Shapiro J. Scarring alopecia. J Cutan Med Surg 1999;3:S45-8
73. Boyd AS, King LE Jr. Thalidomide-induced remission of lichen planopilaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:967-968 (Pubitemid 35403067)
74. Sehgal VN, Abraham GJ, Malik GB. Griseofulvin therapy in lichen planus. A double-blind controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 1972;87:383-385
75. Tursen U, Api H, Kaya T, et al. Treatment of lichen planopilaris with mycophenolate mofetil. Dermatol Online J 2004;10:24 (Pubitemid 39383787)
76. Stefanidou MP, Ioannidou DJ, Panayiotides JG, et al. Low molecular weight heparin; a novel alternative therapeutic approach for lichen planus. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:1040-1045 (Pubitemid 30046192)
77. Moreno-Ramirez D, Camacho Martinez F. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a survey in 16 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005;19:700-705 (Pubitemid 41743322)
78. Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Iorizzo M, et al. Frontal fibrosing alopecia in postmenopausal women. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:55-60 (Pubitemid 40038936)
79. Amato L, Mei S, Massi D, et al. Cicatricial alopecia; a dermatopathologic and immunopathologic study of 33 patients (pseudopelade of Brocq is not a specific clinico-pathologic entity). Int J Dermatol 2002;41:8-15 (Pubitemid 34192968)
80. Olsen E, Bergfeld W, Cotsarelis G, et al. Summary of North American Hair Research Society (NAHRS)-sponsored workshop in cicatricial alopecia, Duke University Medical Center. Pseudopelade of Brocq. February 10 and 11, 2001. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48:103-110 (Pubitemid 36091541)
81. Sperling LC, Solomon AR, Whiting DA. A new look at scarring alopecia. Arch Dermatol 2000;136:235-242 (Pubitemid 30090763)
82. Ross EK, Tan E, Shapiro J. Update on primary cicatricial alopecias. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:1-37 (Pubitemid 40826691)
83. Callen JP. Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and prognostic examination of 62 patients. Arch Dermatol 1982;118:412-416
84. Hordinsky M. Cicatricial alopecia: discoid lupus erythematosus. Dermatol Ther 2008;21:245-248 (Pubitemid 352009068)
85. Tlacuilo-Parra A, Guevara-Gutierrez E, Gutierrez-Murillo F, et al. Pimecrolimus 1% cream for the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44:1564-1568 (Pubitemid 41742477)
86. Ruzicka T, Sommerburg C, Goerz G, et al. Treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus with acitretin and hydroxychloroquine. Br J Dermatol 1992;127:513-518
87. Wu JJ, Huang DB, Pang KR, et al. Thalidomide: dermatological indications, mechanisms of action and side-effects. Br J Dermatol 2005;153(2):254-273 (Pubitemid 41228421)
88. Guhl G, Díaz-Ley B, Fernández-Herrera J. Off-Label Use of Biologic Agents in the Treatment of Dermatosis, Part 2: etanercept, Efalizumab, Alefacept, Rituximab, Daclizumab, Basiliximab, Omalizumab, and Cetuximab. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2008;99:5-33 (Pubitemid 351239802)
89. Otberg N, Kang H, Alzolibani AA, et al. Folliculitis decalvans. Dermatol Ther 2008;21:238-244 (Pubitemid 352013504)
90. Luz Ramos M, Muñoz-Pérez MA, Pons A, et al. Acne keloidalis nuchae and tufted hair folliculitis. Dermatol 1997;194:71-73 (Pubitemid 27047339)
91. Chandrawansa PH, Giam Y. Folliculitis decalvans - a retrospective study in a tertiary referred center, over five years. Singapore Med J 2003;44:84-87 (Pubitemid 36383497)
92. Powell JJ, Dawber RP, Gatter K. Folliculitis decalvans including tufted folliculitis: clinical, histological and therapeutic findings. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:328-333 (Pubitemid 29111366)
93. Iwahara K, Ishii K, Chen Y, et al. Tufted hair folliculitis: response to topical therapy with nadifloxacin. Eur J Dermatol 1999;9:276-277 (Pubitemid 29272065)
94. Paquet P, Piérard G. Dapsone treatment of folliculitis decalvans. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2004;13:195-197 (Pubitemid 38339198)
95. Goo B, Chung HJ, Chung WG, et al. Intramuscular immunoglobulin for recalcitrant suppurative diseases of the skin: a retrospective review of 63 cases. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:563-568 (Pubitemid 47260466)
96. Whiting DA. Cicatricial alopecia: clinico-pathological findings and treatment. Clin Dermatol 2001;19:211-225 (Pubitemid 32492963)
97. Dhaoui MA, Mebazaa A, Doss N. Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp: treatment by isotretinoin. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2001;128:688 (Pubitemid 32601229)
98. Scerri L, Williams HC, Allen BR. Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp: response to isotretinoin. Br J Dermatol 1996;134:1105-1108 (Pubitemid 26184475)
99. Kobayashi H, Aiba S, Tagami H. Successful treatment of dissecting cellulitis and acne conglobata with oral zinc. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:1137-1138 (Pubitemid 30046213)
100. Berne B, Venge P, Ohman S. Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (Hoffman). Complete healing associated with oral zinc therapy. Arch Dermatol 1985;121:1028-1030
101. Moschella SL, Klein MH, Miller RJ. Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens. Report of a successful therapeutic scalping. Arch Dermatol 1967;96:195-197
102. Bellew SG, Nemerofsky R, Schwartz RA, et al. Successful treatment of recalcitrant dissecting cellulitis of the scalp with complete scalp excision and split-thickness skin graft. Dermatol Surg 2003;29:1068-1070 (Pubitemid 37187542)
103. Assouly P, Reygagne P. Lichen planopilaris: update on diagnosis and treatment of lichen planopilaris. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2009 In press
104. Camacho F, Moreno JC, García-Hernández MJ. Telogen alopecia from UV rays. Arch Dermatol 1996;132(11):1398-1399 (Pubitemid 26386644)
105. Su LH, Chen TH. Association of androgenetic alopecia with smoking and its prevalence among Asian men: a community-based survey. Arch Dermatol 2007;143(11):1401-1406 (Pubitemid 350146267)
106. Trüeb RM. Is androgenetic alopecia a photoaggravated dermatosis? Dermatology 2003;207(4):343-348 Review