Do 2006/7/EC European Union Bathing Water Standards exclude the risk of contact with Salmonella or Candida albicans?

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Volumn 58, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1039-1044

  Efstratiou, Maria A ^a   Tsirtsis, George ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE AEGEAN   (Greece)

Author keywords

Candida albicans; Enterococci; Escherichia coli; Marine recreational water; Salmonella; Sewage pollution

Indexed keywords

ALBICANS; BACTERIAL INDICATORS; BATHING WATER; CANDIDA ALBICANS; COASTAL WATERS; DATA SETS; ENTEROCOCCI; EUROPEAN UNION; EUROPEAN UNION DIRECTIVE; MARINE RECREATIONAL WATER; MARINE WATERS; RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY; SALMONELLA; THRESHOLD LEVELS;

ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT; ESCHERICHIA COLI; LAW ENFORCEMENT; SEWAGE; WATER QUALITY;

MARINE POLLUTION;

SEA WATER;

COASTAL WATER; COLIFORM BACTERIUM; EUROPEAN COMMISSION; EUROPEAN UNION; MARINE POLICY; MARINE POLLUTION; SEWAGE; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY;

ARTICLE; CANDIDA ALBICANS; EUROPE; HEALTH HAZARD; NONHUMAN; RECREATION; SALMONELLA; STANDARDIZATION; SWIMMING; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY; WATER SAMPLING;

BATHING BEACHES; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDIASIS; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EUROPEAN UNION; GREECE; GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; HUMANS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK ASSESSMENT; SALMONELLA; SALMONELLA INFECTIONS; SEAWATER; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER POLLUTION;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CANDIDA ALBICANS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; SALMONELLA;

EID: 67649510518     PISSN: 0025326X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.02.007     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Arvanitidou M., Kanellou K., Katsouyanopoulos V., and Tsakris A. Occurrence and densities of fungi from northern Greek coastal bathing waters and their relation with fecal pollution indicators. Water Research 36 (2002) 5127-5131
2. Axiak V., Pavlakis P., Sieber A.J., and Tarchi D. Re-assessing the extent of impact of Malta's (Central Mediterranean) major sewage outfall using ERS SAR. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40 (2000) 734-738
3. Catalao Dionisio L.P., Joao M., Ferreiro V.S., Fidalgo M.L., Garcia Rosado M.E., and Borrego J.J. Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in estuarine and coastal waters of Portugal. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 78 (2000) 99-106
4. EEC, 1976. Council Directive of 8 December 1975 Concerning the Quality of Bathing Water (76/160/EEC). Official Journal of the European Communities 5th February 1976, L/031, pp. 1-7.
5. Efstratiou M.A. Managing coastal bathing water quality: the contribution of microbiology and epidemiology. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42 (2001) 425-432
6. EU, 2006. Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2006 Concerning the Management of Bathing Water Quality and Repealing Directive 76/160/EEC. Official Journal of the European Union L64, pp. 37-51.
7. Figueras M.J., Polo F., Inza I., and Guaro J. Past, present and future perspectives of the EU Bathing Water Directive. Marine Pollution Bulletin 34 (1997) 148-156
8. Georgiou S., and Bateman I.J. Revision of the EU Bathing Water Directive: economic costs and benefits. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50 (2005) 430-438
9. Heinemeyer T.H. Occurrence of Salmonella in coastal North Sea water and their hygienic relation to indicator bacteria and sources of contamination. Zentralblat Hygiene Umweltmed 195 (1994) 495-508
10. Lebaron P., Henry A., Lepeuple A.-S., Pena G., and Sevrais P. An operational method for the real-time monitoring of E. Coli numbers in bathing waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50 (2005) 652-659
11. Mallin M.A., Cahoon L.B., Toothman B.R., Parsons D.C., McIver M.R., Ortwine M.L., and Harrington R.N. Impacts of a raw sewage spill on water and sediment quality in an urbanized estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54 (2007) 81-88
12. Noble R.T., Moore D.F., Leecaster M.K., McGee C.D., and Weisberg S.B. Comparison of total coliform, fecal coliform and enterococcus bacterial indicator response for ocean recreational water quality testing. Water Research 37 (2003) 1637-1643
13. Nuzzi R., and Buhrans R. The use of enterococcus and coliforms in characterizing bathing beach waters. Journal of Environmental Health 60 (1997) 16-22
14. Papadakis J.A., Mavridou A., Richardson S.C., Lampiri M., and Marcelou U. Bather-related microbial and yeast populations in sand and seawater. Water Research 31 (1997) 799-804
15. Polo F., Figueras M.J., Inza I., Sala J., Fleisher J.M., and Guarro J. Relationships between Salmonella and indicators of fecal pollution in aquatic habitats. FEMS Microbiology Letters 160 (1998) 253-256
16. Saliba L.J., and Helmer R. Health risks associated with pollution of coastal bathing waters. World Health Statistics Quarterly 43 (1990) 177-187
17. Shibatta T., Solo-Gabriele H.M., Fleming L.E., and Elmir S. Monitoring marine recreational water quality using multiple microbial indicators in an urban tropical environment. Water Research 38 (2004) 3119-3131
18. UNEP/MAP. Protecting the Mediterranean from land-based pollution (2001), UNEP/MAP, Athens
19. USEPA, 2003. Bacterial Water Quality Standards for Recreational Waters. Status Report, USEPA, Office of Water 430ST, EPA-823-R-03-008.
20. Vantarakis A.C., Tsibouxi A., Venieri D., Komninou G., Athanassiadou A., and Papapetropoulou M. Evaluation of microbiological quality of coastal waters in Greece. Journal of Water and Health 3 (2005) 371-380
21. Vassiliadis P., Mavrommati Ch., Kalapothaki V., Chronas G., and Efstratiou M. Salmonella isolation with Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment medium seeded with different sized inocula of pre-enrichment cultures of meat products and sewage polluted water. Journal of Hygiene, Cambridge 95 (1985) 139-147
22. WHO/UNEP, 1994. Guidelines for health-related monitoring of coastal recreational and shellfish areas. Part I: General guidelines. Part II: Bacterial indicator organisms. Part III: Selected bacterial pathogens. Document ICP/CEH 041(2,3,4). Copenhagen, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe.
23. Yam W.C., Chan C.Y., Ho Bella S.W., Tam T.-Y., Kueh C., and Lee T. Abundance of clinical enteric bacterial pathogens in coastal waters and shellfish. Water Research 34 (1999) 51-56
24. Zar, J.H., 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall International, 718pp.