From Judeans to Israel: Names of Jewish states in Antiquity

Journal for the Study of Judaism

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-36

  Goodblatt, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649368343     PISSN: 00472212     EISSN: 15700631     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157006398X00164     Document Type: Article

References (161)

1. Hebrew and Aramaic HTTP, Greek 'IouSaioi;, Latin Iudaeus.
2. K.G. Kuhn, '"Iap(XT|A., 'IouScuoc, 'Eppaioi; in der nach-at.lichen jüdischen Literatur", Theologisches Worterbuch ium Neuen Testament, ed. G. Kittel, Vol. Ill (Stuttgart, 1938)) 360-370;
3. W. Gutbrod, Eppaio; in der griechisch-hellenistischen Literatur", ibid. 370-376;
4. [English Translation: Theobgical Dictionary of the New Testament, trans. and ed. G.W. Bromley, Vol. Ill (Grand Rapids, 1966)) 359-369, 369-375, 375-391 respectively];
5. M. Lowe, "Who were the 'Ioi)8ouoi?", Novum Testamentum 18 (1976)) 101-130;
6. idem, "'IouSatoi of the Apocrypha", Novum Testamentum 23 (1981)) 56-90;
7. H. Solin, "Excurs zu Iudaeuss in his "Juden und Syrer im westlichen Teil der römischen Welt", Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Well II, Vol. 29,2, ed. W. Haase (Berlin and New York, 1983)) 647-651;
8. PJ. Tomson, "The Names Israel and Jew in Ancient Judaism and in the New Testament", Bijdragen, lijdschrift voor filosofif en theologie 47 (1986)) 120-140, 266-289;
9. R.S. Kraemer, "On the Meaning of the Term Jew in Graeco-Roman Inscriptions" Harvard Theological Reviiw 82 (1989)) 35-53
10. P.W. van der Horst, Anc,ent Jewish Epitaphs (Kampen, 1991)) 68-71;
11. S.J.D. Cohen, "Religion, Ethnicity and 'Hellenism' in the Emergence of Jewish Identity in Maccabean Palestine", Religion and Religious Practice in the Seleucid Kingdom, ed. P. Bilde et al. (Aarhus, 1990)) 204-223;
12. idem, "'IOYAAIOE TO TENOE and Related Expressions in Josephus", Josephuu and the History of the Greco-Roman Period. Essays in Memorr of Morton Smith, ed., F. Parente and J. Sievers (Leiden, 1994)) 23-38.
13. T. Willi, Juda-Jehud-Israel. Studien zum Selbstverstdndnis des Judenlums in persischer £eit (Tübingen, 1995s)
14. G.G. Porton, Gqyim: Gentiles and Israelites in Mishnah-Tosefta (Atlanta, 1988)
15. S. Stern, Jewish Identity in Early Rabbinic Writings (Leiden, New York and Köln, 1994).
16. M. Stern, The Documents on the Historr of the Hasmonean Revolt with a Commentary and Introductions, Second Edition Corrected and Expanded (Tel Aviv, 1972))
17. C. Habicht, "Royal Documents in Maccabees II", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 80 (1976), 1-18;
18. T. Fischer, Seleukiden und Makkabaeer (Bochum, 1980)) 64-69;
19. Miriam Pucci Ben Zeev, "Greek and Roman Documents from Republican Times in the Antiquitiese What Was Josephus' Source?", Scripta Classica Israelica 13 (1994)) 46-59.
20. E. Bickerman, "La charte seleucide de Jerusalem", Revue des Etudes Juives 100 (1935)) 4-35
21. E. Bickerman, Studies in Jewish and Christian History, Part Two (Leiden, 1980)) 44-85.
22. L.H. Feldman, Josephuu and Moderr Scholarship (1937-1980) (Berlin and New York, 1984)) 212-213.
23. D. Musti, "Syria and the East", 77K Cambridge Ancient Historyy Second Edition, Vol. VII: The Hellenistic World, ed. F.W. Walbank el al. (Cambridge, 1984)) 180-181.
24. E. Bickerman, Institutions des Séleucides (Paris, 1938)) 164-165.
25. F.W. Walbank, "Nationality as a Factor in Roman History", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 76 (1972)) 145-168.
26. F. Schmidt, "Idée de 'nation' et sentiment d'appartenance au peuple dans le judaisme de l'époque hellenisttque et romaine", Annuaire de l'Ecoll Pratique des Hautes Etudess V. Section. Sciences Religieuses 85 (1976-77)) 323-329.
27. Stern, Greee and Latin Authorr on Jews and Judaism, Vol. I (Jerusalem, 1974)) ad loc, 275.
28. Stern, Greee and iMtin Authors, I, 186.
29. Herod by Cassius and Murcus as "epimeletes of all Syria", at JW 1:225.
30. The parallel at JA 14:280
31. "strategos of Koile Syria". Similarly, JW 1:244
32. E. Schürer, The Historr of the Jewish Peopll in the Age of Jesus Christ, Revised and Edited by G. Vermes and F. Millar, Vol. I (Edinburgh, 1973)) 252 and 284, n. 11.
33. D.R. Edwards, "Religion, Power and Politics: Jewish Defeats by the Romans in Iconography and Josephus", Diasporr Jews and Judaism. Essays in Honor of and in Dialoguu with A. Thomaa Kraabel, ed. J.A. Overman and R.S. MacLennan (Atlanta, 1992)) 294-310.
34. R. Marcus, trans., Josephus, Vol. VII (London and Cambridge, Mass., 1943), 514-515
35. Stern, Greee and Latin Authors, Vol. I, op. cit., 221.
36. Schürer, History of the Jewish People, Vol. I, op. cit., 271-272.
37. H.J. Mason, Greee Terms for Roman Institutions (Toronto, 1974)) 46-7 s.v.
38. J. Goldstein, I Maccabees [The Anchor Bible] (Garden City, 1976)) 479-480
39. J. Sievers, The Has-moneans and theii Supporters From Mattathias to the Death of John Hyrcanus I (Adanta, 1990)) 110-112
40. Y. Yadin, Megillat milhemem bene 'or bwne hoshekh (Jerusalem, 1955)) 41-42, n. 16.
41. U. Rappaport, "The Emergence of Hasmonean Coinage", AJSreview 1 (1976)) 171-186
42. Y. Meshorer, Ancient Jewish Coinage (Dix Hills, 1982)) Vol. I, 35-47.
43. "Matbe'ot hahashmona'im", Time Bet Hashmonai, ed. D. Avit and H. Eshel (Jerusalem, 1995)) 199, 204.
44. A. Kindler, "Hasmonean Coinage: Two Problems", Cathedra 59 (1991)) 15
45. Schiirer Vermes-Miilar, History of the Jewish People, I, op. cit., 602-606 (603-605 on Hasmonean coinage).
46. M. Stern, Greee and Latin Authors, Vol. I, 307
47. Strabo, Geographka, XVI, 2:40.
48. Meshorer, Ancient Jewish Coinage, op. cit., 123-158.
49. D. Jeselsohn, "Hever Yehudim-A New Jewish Coin", Palestine Exploration Quarterly 112 (1980)) 11-17.
50. D. Goodblatt, The Monarchic Principle. Studies in Jewish Self-governmenm in Antiquity (Tübingen, 1994)) 99-103.
51. Kuhn, Gutbrod and Tomson as cited above, n. 1
52. U. Rappaport, "Al 'hityavnutam' shel hahashmona'im", Tarbiz 60 (5751)) 477-503;
53. D. Mendels, The Rise and Fall of Jewish Nationalism (New York, 1992), 55-79;
54. T. Rajak, "The Hasmoneans and the Uses of Hellenism", in P.R. Davies and R.T. White, eds., A Tributt to Geza Vermes: Essays in Jewish and Christian Literature and History [JSOT Sup. Series 100] (Sheffield, 1990)) 261-280;
55. eadem, "The Jews Under Hasmonean Rule", The Cambridge Ancient History, Second Edition, Vol. DC, ed., J.A. Cook et at. (Cambridge, 1994) 296-299.
56. M.I. Finley, Early Greece (New York, 1970)) 91
57. R. Tomlinson, From Mycenae to Constantinople (London and New York, 1992)) 2
58. E. Levy, "La cité grecque, invention moderne ou réalité antique?", in C. Nicolet, ed., Du pouvoir dans l'antiquite: mott et réalites (Genève, 1990)) 53-68.
59. "Tins ofJudah" appears at Haggai 1:1, 14; 2:2, 21
60. Papyrus Cowley 30, line 1.
61. B. Porten and A. Yardeni, Textbook of Aramaii Documents from Ancient Egypt, Vol. I (Jerusalem, 1986)) 68-69.
62. T. Petit, "L'évolution sémantique des termes hébreux et araméens phh et sgn et accadiens pâhatu et saknu"" Journal of Biblical Literature 107 (1988), 57 with nn. 17, 18 and 65 with n. 39.
63. F.M. Cross, Jr., "The Papyri and Their Historical Implications", Discoveries in the Wadi Ed-Daliyeh [Annual of the Amerkal Schools of Oriental Research 41 (1974)], 19 with n. 10.
64. U. Rappaport, "The First Judean Coinage", Journal of Jewish Studies 32 (1981), 9, 14-15
65. Ptolemy I. Compare Meshorer, Ancient Jewish Coinage, I, op. cit., 17-20, 184
66. Hecataeus of Abdera, Aegyptica, apud Diodorus of Sicily, Bibliotheca Historka, XL,3 = Stern, Greee and Latin Authors, I, #11, 26;
67. Clearchus of Soli, De Somno, apud Josephus, AA 1:179
68. J.A. Fitzmyer and DJ. Harrington, A Manual of Palestinian Aramaii Textt (Rome, 1978), #70, 168-169, with discussion and bibliography on 223-224.
69. C. Rabin, The Zadokite Documents (Oxford, 1954)) 60-61
70. L.H. Schiffman, "Legislation Concerning Relations With Non-Jews in the Zadokite Fragments and in Tannaitic Literature", Revue de Qumran 11 (1982-84)) 382-385.
71. J.W. Betlyon, The Coinage and Mints of Phoenicia. The Pre-Alexandrine Period (Chico, 1982)) 116-121.
72. G.F. Hill, Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Phoenicic (Reprint: Bologna, 1965), 98;
73. A. Houghton, Coins of the Seleucid Empire from the Colkclion of Arthur Houghton (New York, 1983)) 68.
74. P. Gardner and R.S. Poole, A Catalogue of the Greee Coins in the Britiss Museum. The Seleucid Kings of Syria (Reprint: Bologna, 1963)) 39, 48, 53, 60
75. H. Donner and W. Röllig, Kanaanaische und aramaische Inschriften, Band 1 (Wiesbaden, 1962)) #13-16, 2-3
76. Y. Meshorer, Nabataean Coins [Qedem 3] (Jerusalem, 1975).
77. Cantineau, Le Nabateen, Vol. II (Paris, 1932)) 43-4;
78. A. Negev, "The Nabateans and the Provincia Arabia", Aufstkg und Niedergang da romischen Welt, II, 8, ed., H. Temporini and W. Haase (Berlin and New York, 1977), 546.
79. Y. Yadin, "Expedition D The Cave of Letters", Israel Exploration Journal 12 (1962)) 239-240.
80. J. Cantineau, Le Nabateen, Vol. I (Paris, 1930)) 91-92.
81. J. Starcky, "Pétra et la Nabatène", Supplement au Dictionnaire de la Bible, Tome Septième (Paris, 1966))
82. J.T. Milik, "Origenes des Nabatéens", Studies in the Historr and Archaeology of Jordan, Vol. I, ed., A. Hadidi (Amman, 1982)) 264: "ethnonyme";
83. J.F. Healey, The Nabataean Tomb Inscriptions of Mada"n Salih (Oxford, 1993)) 13.
84. Fitzmyer and Harrington, Manual of Palestinian Aramaii Texts, op. cit., #64, 164-165;
85. K. Schmitt-Korte, "Nabataean Coinage Part II. New Coin Types and Variants", 77K Numismatic Chronicle 150 (1990)) 105-133, "king of Nabat(a)ea".
86. Negev, Nabataean Coins, op. cit., 12-14, 86-87.
87. G. Bowersock, Romaa Arabii (Cambridge, MA, 1983)) 132-136;
88. F. Millar, The Roman Near East (Cambridge, MA, 1993)) 431-434.
89. D.S. Potter, Prophecy and History in the Crisii of the Romaa Empire. A Historical Commentary on the Thirteenth Sibylllne Oracle (Oxford, 1990)) Appendix IV
90. "The Career of Odaenathus", # III, 382-383 and # IV, 384
91. A.T. Kraabel, "New Evidence of the Samaritan Diaspora Has Been Found on Delos", Biblical Archaeologist 47 (1984)) 45
92. P. Bruneau, "Les Israélites de Délos et la juiverie délienne", Bulletin de Correspondance Hellenistique 106 (1982)) 465-504.
93. U. Rappaport, "The Emergence of Hasmonean Coinage", AJSresiew 1, op. cit., 173-175.
94. A. Kindler, "The Hellenistic Influence on Hasmonean Coins", in The Seleucid Period in Eretz Israell ed, B. Bar-Kochva (Tel Aviv, 5740), 289-308 [Hebrew].
95. Meshorer, Ancient Jewish Coinage, I, 50-51.
96. J. Naveh, On Sherd and Papyrus. Aramaii and Hebrew Inscriptions fiof the Second Temple, Mishnaii and Talmudic Periods (Jerusalem, 1992), 13-18.
97. J. Naveh, "Dated Coins of Alexander Janneus", Israel Exploration Journal 18 (1968)) 20-25.
98. B. Mazar, 'Josephus Flavius The Historian of Jerusalem", in U. Rappaport, ed.,Josephuu Flavius. Historian of Eretz-Israel in the Hellenistic-Roman Period (Jerusalem, 1982)) 4 [in Hebrew].
99. Meshorer, Ancient Jewish Coinage, Vol. II, 17, 33, 40-41, 52, 54-57, 60-61, 93-94.
100. S.A. Reed, M.J. Lundberg, and M.B. Phelps, 77K Dead Sea Scrolls Catalogue (Adanta, 1994), 99.
101. A. Yardeni "A Deed of Sale From the Judaean Desert: Nahal Se'elim 9", Tarbiz 63 (1993-94)) 299-320 [Hebrew]
102. P. Benoit, J.T. Milik and R. de Vaux, Les Grottes de Murabba'at (Oxford, 1961a) 100-104.
103. Reed, Lundberg and Phelps, Dead Sea Scrolls Catalogue, op. cit, 100.
104. Schürer Vermes-Millar, Historr of the Jewish Peopll in the Age of Jesus Christ, Vol. I, op. cit., 287-329 (Herod), 340-353 (Antipas)) 353-357 (Archelaus)) 442-454 (Agrippa I), and 471-483 (Agrippa II).
105. E. Mantzoulinou-Richardss "From Syros: A Dedicatory Inscription of Herodes the Great from an Unknown Building", The Anc:ent World 18 (1988), 96-98;
106. D.M. Jacobson, "King Herod, Roman Citizen and Benefactor of Kos", Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeology Society 13 (1993-94)) 31-35
107. H.W. Hoehner, Herod Antipas (Cambridge, 1972)
108. D.R. Schwartz, Agrippa I: The Last King of Judaea (Tübingen, 1990))
109. H.M. Cotton and J. Geiger, Masada II. The Latin and Greee Documents (Jerusalem, 1989) 147.
110. D. Noy, Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europee Vol. I (Cambridge, 1993)) #40, 59-60
111. K.H. Rengstorf, A Complete Concordance to Flavius Josephus, Vol. I (Leiden, 1973)) s.v., paaiXetx;, 298-313
112. Stern, Greee and Latin Authors, II, 365.
113. Eusebius, Das Onomasticon der biblischen Ortsnamen, ed. E. Klostermann (Leipzig, 1904; Reprint: Hildesheim, 1966)) 45.
114. E. Koffinahn, Die Doppelurkunden axis der Wtiste Juda (Leiden, 1968)) 42-45, 148-155
115. Y. Yadin, "The Excavation of Masada 1963/64. Preliminary Report", Israel Exploration Journal 15 (1965)) 119, n. 112;
116. idem, Bar-Kokhba (Jerusalem and New York, 1971)) 188-189.
117. T. Rajak, Josepkus. The Historian and His Society (London, 1983))
118. P. Bilde, Flavins Josephuu between Jerusalem and Romee His Life, his Works, and theii Importance (Sheffield, 1988))
119. M. Hadas-Lebel, Flavius Josephus: eyew,tness to Rome's first-century conquest ofjudeaa trans. R. Miller (New York, 1993s)
120. Jonathan J. Price, Jerusalem Under Siege. The Collapse of the Jewish State 66-70 CE (Leiden, 1992))
121. Appendix One: The Bellum Judaicum As An Historical Source", 180-193.
122. D. Goodblatt, The Monarchic Principle. Studies in Jewish Self-governmenm in Antiquity (Tübingen, 1994)) 116-118.
123. Price, Jerusalem Undee Siege, op. cit., 64-65, and see 63-67
124. J.S. McLaren, Power and Politics in Palestine. The Jews and the Governini of theii Land, 100 BC-AD 70 (Sheffield, 1991)) 172-184.
125. L. Kadman, The Coins of the Jewish War of 66-73 C.E. [Corpus Nummorum Palestinensium, III] (Jerusalem, 1960).
126. Meshorer, Ancient Jewish Co.nage, II, 96-131, 259-263;
127. U. Rappaport, "Hamatbe'ot", Judea and Rome-The Jewish Revolts, ed. U. Rappaport (Jerusalem, 5743), 129-132, 359-360
128. "Hamered hagadol umahalakho", ibid. 57-58.
129. C. Roth, "The Historical Implications of the Jewish Coinage of the First Revolt", Israel Exploration Journal 12 (1962)) 43 with n. 21;
130. The significancc of the denominations is not relevant to the above argument. See the discussion in Meshorer, 114-116.
131. Rappaport, "Matbe'ot", Judea and Romee op. cit., 360, n. 8.
132. Roth, "Historical Implication", op. cit., 41.
133. Compare Rappaport, "Hamered hagadol umahalakho", Judea and Romee 57.
134. L. Mildenberg, The Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War (Aarau, 1984)) 61-62
135. Meshorer, 104-105.
136. A. Ben-David, Jerusalem und Tyros. Ein Beitrag zur palästinensischen Miinz-und Wirtschaftsgeschichte (126 a. C.-57 p. C.) (Basel-Tubingeen 1969))
137. A. Yardeni, Judean Desert Studies. "Mahal Se'elim" Documents (Jerusalem, 1995)) 38, n. 24.
138. Y. Yadin, J.C. Greenfield and A. Yardeni, "Babatha's Ketubba", Israel Exploration Journal 44 (1994)) 90-91.
139. Rappaport, "Matbe'ot", 131-132.
140. A. Kindler, "Matbe'ot milhemet Bar-Kokhva", in A. Oppenheimer, ed., The Bar-Kokhva Revolt (Jerusalem, 1980)) 159-177;
141. Y. Yadin, "Expedition D", Israel Exploration Journal 11 (1961)) 36-52;
142. A. Yardeni, Judean Deserr Studies: "Nahal Se'elim" Documents, op. cit.
143. J.T. Milik, "Un contrat juif de l'an 134 après J.-C." Revue Biblique 61 (1954) 182-190
144. J. Naveh, "Beshule hashetarot mikefar baro", in M. Goshen-Gottstein et al., Shai leHayyim Rabin (Jerusalem, 5751), 231-234.
145. M. Broshi and E. Qimron, "A House Sale Deed from Kefar Baru from the time of Bar Kokhba", Israel Exploration Journal 36 (1986)) 207
146. Yardeni, "Nahal Se'elim" Documents, op. cit., 8
147. Yardeni, "Nahal Se'elim", 31.
148. Milik, "Un contrat juif de fan 134 après J.-C", Revue Bibhque 61 (1954)) 184.
149. M. Mor, The Bar-Kochba Revolt. Its Extent and Effecc (Jerusalem, 1991) 146-171.
150. M. Broshi and E. Qimron, "I.O.U. Note from the Time of the Bar Kokhba Revolt", Eretz-lsrael 20 (1989)) 256-261.
151. Y. Yadin, "Comments on the Role of Hideaways in Bar-Kokhba's Strategy, And Some Notes On Documents of Bar-Kokhba", Cathedra 26 (1982)) 44.
152. Kindler, "Matbe'ot", Bar-Kokhva Revolt, op. cit., 164.
153. Broshi and Qimron, "House Sale Deed", Israel Exploration Journal 36, op. cit., 207
154. idem, "I.O.U. Note", Eretz-Israel 20, op. cit., 258.
155. A. Kloner, "Lead Weights of Bar Kokhba's Administratton", Israel Exploration Journal 40 (1990)) 58-67.
156. D. Goodblatt, "The Title Nasi' and the Ideological Background of the Second Revolt", in A. Oppenheimer and U. Rappaport, eds., The Bar-Kokhua Revoltl A New Approach (Jerusalem, 1984), 113-132
157. M. Jacobs, Die Institution des jiidischen Patriarchen. Eine quellen-und traditionskritische Studii zur Geschichte der Juden in der Spdtantike [Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum; 52] (Tübingen, 1995)) 18-25.
158. H. Lapin, "Palm Fronds and Citrons: Notes on Two Letters from Bar Kosiba's Administration", Hebrew Union College Annual 64 (1993)) 111-135.
159. D. Pardee, Handbooo of Ancient Hebrew Letters (Chico, 1982)) 125, ad Mur 42, line 7.
160. Goodblatt, The Monarchic Principk, op. cit, Chapters 1-3, 6-76.
161. W.R. Farmer, Maccabees, ealots and Josephus. An Inquiry into Jewish nationalism in the Greco-Roman Period (New York, 1956))