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1
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0039828888
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Nebr, University of Nebraska Press
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Like all readers of Anne and Elizabeth Hart, I owe a major debt to Moira Ferguson, even though I disagree with her characterization of the Hart sisters as "abolitionists" and "radicals." For all the known writings of the Hart sisters, see The Hart Sisters: Early African Caribbean Writers, Evangelicals, and Radicals, ed. Moira Ferguson (Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1993)
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(1993)
The Hart Sisters: Early African Caribbean Writers, Evangelicals, and Radicals
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Moira, F.L.1
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2
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79958586322
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New York: Routledge 27-30
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For Ferguson's revision of the birth-dates given in The Hart Sisters, see Moira Ferguson, ed., Nine Black Women: An Anthology of Nineteenth-Century Writers from the United States, Canada, Bermuda, and the Caribbean (New York: Routledge, 1998), 5-9, 27-30
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(1998)
Nine Black Women: An Anthology of Nineteenth-Century Writers from the United States, Canada, Bermuda and the Caribbean
, pp. 5-9
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Moira, F.1
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3
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79958688757
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Detroit: Gale Research
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A brief version of my views, again relying on Ferguson's edition, appears in "Anne Hart" and "Elizabeth Hart" in Dictionary of Literary Biography: American Women Prose Writers to 1820, vol. 200, ed. Carla Mulford, Angela Vietto, and Amy Winans (Detroit: Gale Research, 1998), 174-86
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(1998)
Anne Hart and Elizabeth Hart in Dictionary of Literary Biography: American Women Prose Writers to 1820, 200
, pp. 174-186
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Carla, M.1
Angela, V.2
Amy, W.3
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8
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79958538882
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Indian missionary efforts are described in John Vickers
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Nashville: Abingdon
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Coke's West Indian missionary efforts are described in John Vickers, Thomas Coke: Apostle of Methodism (Nashville: Abingdon, 1969), 149-72
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(1969)
Thomas Coke: Apostle of Methodism
, pp. 149-172
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West, C.1
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10
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79958596413
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Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow 68-101, 141-12
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For the various roles of women in early Methodist evangelism, see Paul Wesley Chilcote, John Wesley and the Women Preachers of Early Methodism, ATLA Monograph Series, no. 25 (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow, 1991), 47-53, 68-101, 141-12
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(1991)
John Wesley and the Women Preachers of Early Methodism, ATLA Monograph Series
, Issue.25
, pp. 47-53
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Paul, W.C.1
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14
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26644457289
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Methodism' and the Origins of English-Speaking Evangelicalism
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Mark A. Noll, David W. Bebbington, and George A. Rawlyk, eds, New York: Oxford University Press
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John Walsh, "'Methodism' and the Origins of English-Speaking Evangelicalism," in Mark A. Noll, David W. Bebbington, and George A. Rawlyk, eds., Evangelicalism: Comparative Studies of Popular Protestantism in North America, the British Isles, and Beyond, 1700-1900 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 19-33
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(1994)
Evangelicalism: Comparative Studies of Popular Protestantism in North America, the British Isles, and Beyond, 1700-1900
, pp. 19-33
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Walsh, J.1
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19
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79958574308
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New York: American Tract Society 147-48
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Helen C. Knight, Lady Huntington [sic] and Her Friends: Or, the Revival of the Work of God in the Days of Wesley, Wliitefield, Romaine, Venn, and Others in the Last Century (New York: American Tract Society, 1853), 39, 54-56, 147-48
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(1853)
Lady Huntington [sic] and Her Friends: Or, the Revival of the Work of God in the Days of Wesley, Wliitefield, Romaine, Venn, and Others in the Last Century
, vol.39
, pp. 54-56
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Helen, C.K.1
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20
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75749128956
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New York: Oxford University Press
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Horton Davies, The English Free Churches (New York: Oxford University Press, 1952), 136-14
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(1952)
The English Free Churches
, pp. 136-214
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Davies, H.1
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25
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0038930367
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For Methodist bands and classes as surrogate families, see Semmel, The Methodist Revolution, 114-15
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The Methodist Revolution
, pp. 114-115
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Semmel1
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29
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67649350251
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The Methodist Anti-slavery Tradition, 1784-1844
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Raboteau, Slave Religion, 145
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Lewis M. Purifoy, "The Methodist Anti-slavery Tradition, 1784-1844," Methodist History 4 (1966): 3-16. Raboteau, Slave Religion, 145
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(1966)
Methodist History
, vol.4
, pp. 3-16
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Purifoy, L.M.1
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30
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0004530416
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Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press
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Daphne A. Roe, A Plague of Corn: The Social History of Pellagra (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1973), discusses the symptoms of pellagra (1-7), the role of niacin (120-27), and the prevalence from 1906 to 1912 of the disease in the Caribbean basin (167)
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(1973)
A Plague of Corn: The Social History of Pellagra
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Daphne, A.R.1
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31
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10644254181
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In terms of historiography, I am situating the Hart sisters in relation to one form of the "Halevy thesis." If voluntarism and striving for literacy and self-discipline as means of attaining middle-class status allowed Anglophone Methodists to bypass the alternative means of violent revolution, the Hart sisters can be understood as black variants of the Methodists Halevy analyzed. See Hempton, The Religion of the People, 22
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The Religion of the People
, pp. 22
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Hempton1
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32
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60950724950
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Chicago: University of, trans. Bernard Semmel;
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Elie Havely, The Birth of Methodism in England (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971), trans. Bernard Semmel
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(1971)
The Birth of Methodism in England
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Havely, E.1
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35
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79958536169
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Slavery, Amelioration, and Sunday Markets in Antigua, 1823-1831
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David Barry Gaspar, "Slavery, Amelioration, and Sunday Markets in Antigua, 1823-1831," Slavery and Abolition 9 (1989): 2
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(1989)
Slavery and Abolition
, vol.9
, pp. 2
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Barry Gaspar, D.1
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36
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0003436770
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Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas
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The poor record of meliorationist policies in improving Caribbean slave women's lives enough to make pregnancy and rearing of infants more successful is discussed in Marietta Morrissey, Slave Women in the New World: Gender Stratification in the Caribbean (Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 1989), 125-30
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(1989)
Slave Women in the New World: Gender Stratification in the Caribbean
, pp. 125-130
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39
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0002075185
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Grand Rapids, Mich, Eerdmans
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Joseph A. Conforti, Samuel Hopkins and the New Divinity Movement: Calvinism, the Congregational Ministry, and Reform in New England between the Great Awakenings (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1981), 123-50
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(1981)
Samuel Hopkins and the New Divinity Movement: Calvinism, the Congregational Ministry, and Reform in New England between the Great Awakenings
, pp. 123-150
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Conforti, J.A.1
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40
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79958519283
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Puritans in Rutland, Vermont, 1770-1818
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Stephen A. Freeman, "Puritans in Rutland, Vermont, 1770-1818," Vermont History 33 (1965): 342-48
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(1965)
Vermont History
, vol.33
, pp. 342-348
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Freeman, S.A.1
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41
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79958472678
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A Narrative of the Lord's Wonderful Dealings with John Marrant, a Black
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London: R. Hawes, [1785]) 36-40
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John Marrant, A Narrative of the Lord's Wonderful Dealings with John Marrant, a Black, (Now Going to Preach the Gospel in Nova-Scotia) Born in New-York, in North-America ... Enlarged by Mr. Marrant, and Printed (with Permission) for his Sole Benefit, with Notes Explanatory (London: R. Hawes, [1785]), 30-33, 36-40
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John, M.1
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42
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79958574307
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To Which Are Attached, Two Sermons; One Preached on Ragged Island on Sabbath Day, the 27th of October, 1787; The Other at Boston, in Nezv Engalnd, on Thursday, the 24th of June, 1789 (London, [1791]) 75-76, 97
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John Marrant, A Journal of the Rev. John Marrant, from August the 18th, 1785, to the 16th of March 1790. To Which Are Attached, Two Sermons; One Preached on Ragged Island on Sabbath Day, the 27th of October, 1787; The Other at Boston, in Nezv Engalnd, on Thursday, the 24th of June, 1789 (London, [1791]), 11-53, 75-76, 97
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A Journal of the Rev. John Marrant, from August the 18th, 1785, to the 16th of March 1790
, pp. 11-53
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John, M.1
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44
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79958614427
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178-193 ed, New York: Penguin Books, 40, 119
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Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, Written by Himself, Ninth Edition Enlarged (London, 1794), in The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings, ed. Vincent Carretta (New York: Penguin Books, 1995), 7-8, 40, 119, 178-93
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(1995)
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, Written by Himself, Ninth Edition Enlarged (London, 1794), in The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings
, pp. 7-8
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Equiano, O.1
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45
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79958527696
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Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil and Wicked Traffic of the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, Humbly Submitted to the Inhabitants of Great-Britain, by Ottobah Cugoano, a Native of Africa
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Vincent Carretta, ed
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Quobna Ottobah Cugoano, Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil and Wicked Traffic of the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, Humbly Submitted to the Inhabitants of Great-Britain, by Ottobah Cugoano, a Native of Africa (1787), in Vincent Carretta, ed., Unchained Voices: An Anthology of Black Authors in the English-Speaking World of the Eighteenth Century (Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1996), 151-53
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(1787)
Unchained Voices: An Anthology of Black Authors in the English-Speaking World of the Eighteenth Century (Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1996)
, pp. 151-153
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Ottobah Cugoano, Q.1
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46
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62449230424
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The New Divinity and the American Revolution
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Mark Valeri, "The New Divinity and the American Revolution," William and Mary Quarterly 46 (1989): 741-69
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(1989)
William and Mary Quarterly
, vol.46
, pp. 741-769
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Valeri, M.1
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49
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67649325278
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Lemuel Haynes's Black Republicanism and the American Republican Tradition, 1775-1820
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John Saillant, "Lemuel Haynes's Black Republicanism and the American Republican Tradition, 1775-1820," Journal of the Early Republic 14 (1994): 293-324
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(1994)
Journal of the Early Republic
, vol.14
, pp. 293-324
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Saillant, J.1
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50
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0003799836
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For Marrant's death, New York: Oxford University Press
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For Marrant's death, see Christopher Fyfe, A History of Sierra Leone (New York: Oxford University Press, 1962), 31-32
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(1962)
A History of Sierra Leone
, pp. 31-32
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Fyfe, C.1
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52
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60950194877
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New York: Capricorn Books
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Ellen Gibson Wilson, The Loyal Blacks (New York: Capricorn Books, 1976), 92-101
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(1976)
The Loyal Blacks
, pp. 92-101
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Gibson Wilson, E.1
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53
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79956419760
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Thomas Peters: Millwright and Deliverer
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David G. Sweet and Gary B. Nash, eds. Berkeley, Cal.: University of California Press
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Gary B. Nash, "Thomas Peters: Millwright and Deliverer," in David G. Sweet and Gary B. Nash, eds., Struggle and Survival in Colonial America (Berkeley, Cal.: University of California Press, 1981), 69-85
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(1981)
Struggle and Survival in Colonial America
, pp. 69-85
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Gary, B.N.1
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54
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0008441731
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London: Oxford University Press
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Peters's petition appears in Christopher Fyfe, ed., Sierra Leone Inheritance (London: Oxford University Press, 1964), 118-19
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(1964)
Sierra Leone Inheritance
, pp. 118-119
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Christopher, F.1
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55
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0041814266
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Evanston, Ill, Northwestern University Press
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John Peterson, Province of Freedom: A History of Sierra Leone, 1787-1870 (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1969), 29-39
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(1969)
Province of Freedom: A History of Sierra Leone, 1787-1870
, pp. 29-39
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Peterson, J.1
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56
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60949960046
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New Light on Richard Allen: The Early Years of Freedom
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Gary B. Nash, "New Light on Richard Allen: The Early Years of Freedom," William and Mary Quarterly 46 (1989): 332
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(1989)
William and Mary Quarterly
, vol.46
, pp. 332
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Nash, G.B.1
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58
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79958564416
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The Slave Church in the Era of the American Revolution
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Ira Berlin and Ronald Hoffman, eds. Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia
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Many authors have noted Allen's intention of providing secure institutions and a fit religion for African Americans. For example, Albert J. Raboteau, "The Slave Church in the Era of the American Revolution," in Ira Berlin and Ronald Hoffman, eds., Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution (Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia, 1983), 211
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(1983)
Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution
, pp. 211
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Albert, J.R.1
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62
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79958527695
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13 March 1788, London
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Olaudah Equiano to the Right Honourable Lord Hawkesbury, 13 March 1788, London, in The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings, 333-34
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The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings
, pp. 333-334
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63
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8344255989
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The Historiography of the Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa
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For legitimate versus illegitimate trade, Toyin Falola, ed, Harlow, U.K, Longman
-
For "legitimate" versus "illegitimate" trade, see Robin Law, "The Historiography of the Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa," in Toyin Falola, ed., African Historiography: Essays in Honor of Jacob Ade Ajayi (Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1993), 91-115
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(1993)
African Historiography: Essays in Honor of Jacob Ade Ajayi
, pp. 91-115
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Law, R.1
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65
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79958675780
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Confirmation of the West Indian plantocracy's suspicion of Parliament appears in Turley, Culture of English Antislavery, 31
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Culture of English Antislavery
, pp. 31
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67
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0003987423
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Ithaca, N.Y, Cornell University Press
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David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1975), 333-35
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(1975)
The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823
, pp. 333-335
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Brion Davis, D.1
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69
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79958513633
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A Faith for Freedom': The Political Gospel of Abolitionism
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Mclnemey, '"A Faith for Freedom': The Political Gospel of Abolitionism," Journal of the Early Republic 11 (1991): 371-93
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(1991)
Journal of the Early Republic
, vol.11
, pp. 371-393
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McLnemey1
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71
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33750280120
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Its Origin Not a Little Curious': A New Look at the American Colonization Society
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emphasizes that early colonizationist efforts were imposed on African Americans, but here I want to emphasize that the efforts had some black support and provided a model for the way state power could be used, for better or worse, in a society marked by interracial conflict
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Douglas R. Egerton, "'Its Origin Not a Little Curious': A New Look at the American Colonization Society," Journal of the Early Republic 5 (1985): 463-80, emphasizes that early colonizationist efforts were imposed on African Americans, but here I want to emphasize that the efforts had some black support and provided a model for the way state power could be used, for better or worse, in a society marked by interracial conflict
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(1985)
Journal of the Early Republic
, vol.5
, pp. 463-480
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Egerton, D.R.1
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