Microarthropods

Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 399-414

  Winter, J P ^a   Behan Pelletier, V M ^b  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b AGRICULTURE AND AGRI FOOD CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649345566     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (46)

1. Andre, H.M., Ducarme, X., and Lebrun, P. 2002. Soil biodiversity: myth, reality, or conning? Oikos 96: 3-24.
2. Bater, J.E. 1996. Micro- and macro-arthropods. In G.S. Hall, Ed. Methods for the Examination of Organismal Diversity in Soils and Sediments. CAB International, Oxford, UK, pp. 163-174.
3. Behan-Pelletier, V.M. 2003. Acari and Collem-bola biodiversity in Canadian agricultural soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 83: 279-288.
4. Burkard Scientific 2006. Tullgren Funnels. Burkard Scientific, PO Box 55, Uxbridge, Middx, UB8 2RT, UK. Available at: http://www.burkardscientific.co.uk (last verified, June 2006).
5. Coleman, D.C., Crossley, D.A. Jr., and Hendrix, P.F. 2004. Fundamentals of Soil Ecology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 386 pp.
6. Crossley, D.A. Jr. and Blair, J.M. 1991. A high-efficiency, "low-technology" Tullgren-type extractor for soil microarthropods. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 34: 187-192.
7. Dindal, D.L. 1990. Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1349 pp.
8. Edwards, C.A. 1991. The assessment of populations of soil-inhabiting invertebrates. Agric. Eco-syst. Environ. 34: 145-176.
9. Edwards, C.A. and Fletcher, K.E. 1971. A comparison of extraction methods for terrestrial arthropods. In J. Phillipson, Ed. Methods of Study in Quantitative Soil Ecology: Population, Production, and Energy Flow. IPB Handbook No. 18. Blackwood Scientific, London, UK, pp. 150-185.
10. Evans, G.O., Griffiths, D.A., Macfarlane, D., Murphy, P.W., and Till, W.M. 1985. The Acari: A Practical Manual. Vol. 1. Morphology and Classification. University of Notingham School of Agriculture, University of Notingham, School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics, UK.
11. Evans, G.O., Sheals, J.G., and Macfarlane, D. 1961. The Terrestrial Acari ofthe British Isles. Vol. 1. Introduction and Biology. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK, 219 pp.
12. Geurs, M., Bongers, J., and Brussaard, L. 1991. Improvements to the heptane flotation method for collecting microarthropods from silt loam soil. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 34: 213-221.
13. Kethley, J. 1991. A procedure for extraction of microarthropods from bulk soil samples with emphasis on inactive stages. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 34: 193-200.
14. Krantz, G.W. 1978. A Manual of Acarology. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR, 509 pp.
15. Lakly, M.B. and Crossley, D.A. 2000. Tullgren extraction of soil mites (Acarina): effect of refrigeration time on extraction efficiency. Exp. Appl. Acar. 24: 135-140.
16. Leinaas, H.P. 1978. Seasonal variation in sampling efficiency of Collembola and Protura. Oikos 31: 307-312.
17. Lussenhop, J. 1971. A simplified canister-type soil arthropod extractor. Pedobiologia 11: 40-45.
18. Luxton, M. 1982. The biology of mites from beech woodland. Pedobiologia 23: 1-8.
19. Macfadyen, A. 1955. A comparison of methods for extracting soil arthropods. In D.K. McE. Kevan, Ed. Soil Zoology. Butterworth, London, UK, pp. 315-332.
20. Macfadyen, A. 1961. Improved funnel-type extractors for soil arthropods. J. Anim. Ecol. 30: 171-184.
21. Macfadyen, A. 1962. Soil arthropod sampling. In Advanced Ecology. Research, Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 1-34.
22. Marshall, S.A., Anderson, R.S., Roughley, R.E., Behan-Pelletier, V., and Danks, H.V. 1994. Terrestrial arthropod biodiversity: planning a study and recommended sampling techniques. A brief prepared by the Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods). Published by the Entomological Society of Canada Supplement to the Bulletin, Vol. 26 (1). Available at: http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/briefs/brterrestrial.htm, March 1994.
23. Marshall, V.G. 1972. Comparison of two methods of estimating efficiency of funnel extractors for soil microarthropods. Soil Biol. Biochem. 4: 417-426.
24. Merchant, V.A. and Crossley, D.A. Jr. 1970. An inexpensive high-efficiency Tullgren extractor for soil microarthropods. J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 5: 83-87.
25. Meyer, E. 1996. Mesofauna. In F. Schinner, R. (Ohlinger, E. Kandeler, and R. Margesin, Eds. Methods in Soil Biology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 338-345.
26. Moore, J.C. and Walter, D.E. 1988. Arthropod regulation of micro- and mesobiota in below-ground detrital food webs. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 33: 419-139.
27. Murphy, P.W. 1962a. Extraction methods for soil animals. I. Dynamic methods with particular reference to funnel processes. In P.W. Murphy, Ed. Progress in Soil Zoology. Butterworths, London, UK, pp. 75-114.
28. Murphy, P.W. 1962b. Extraction methods for soil animals. II. Mechanical methods. In P.W. Murphy, Ed. Progress in Soil Zoology. Butterworths, London, UK, pp. 115-155.
29. Norton, R.A. 1985a. Aspects of the biology of soil arachnids, particularly saprophagous and mycophagous mites. Quaest. Entomol. 21: 523-541.
30. Norton, R.A. 1985b. A variation of the Merchant-Crossley soil microarthropod extractor. Quaest. Entomol. 21: 669-671.
31. Norton, R.A. 1998. Morphological evidence for the evolutionary origin of Astigmata (Acari: Acariformes). Exp. Appl. Acar. 22: 559-594.
32. Norton, R.A. and Sanders, F. 1985. Superior microneedles for manipulating and dissecting soil invertebrates. Quaest. Entomol. 21: 673-674.
33. Ohio State University 2006. Acarology Summer Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Available at: http: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~acarolog/sum2k1.htm (last verified, June 2006).
34. Petersen, H. 1978. Some properties of two high gradient extractors for social microarthropods and an attempt to evaluate their extraction efficiency. Natura Jutlandica 20: 95-122.
35. Petersen, H. and Luxton, M. 1982. A comparative analysis of soil fauna populations and their role in decomposition processes. Oikos 39: 287-388.
36. Seastedt, T.R. 1984. The role of microarthropods in decomposition and mineralization processes. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 29: 25-46.
37. Seastedt, T.R. and Crossley, D.A. Jr. 1978. Further investigations of microarthropod populations using the Merchant-Crossley highgradient extractor. J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 13: 333-338.
38. Snider, R.M. and Snider, R.J. 1997. Efficiency of arthropod extraction from soil cores. Ent. News 108: 203-208.
39. Søvik, G. and Leinaas, H.P. 2002. Variation in extraction efficiency between juvenile and adult oribatid mites: Ameronothrus lineatus (Oribatida, Acari) in a Macfadyen high-gradient canister extractor. Pedobiologia 46: 34-41.
40. Takeda, H. 1979. On the extraction process and efficiency of MacFadyen's high-gradient extractor. Pedobiologia 19: 106-112.
41. Tamura, H. 1976. Biases in extracting Collembola through Tullgren funnel. Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol. 13: 21-34.
42. Wallwork, J.A. 1976. The Distribution and Diversity of Soil Fauna. Academic Press, London, UK, 355 pp.
43. Walter, D.E., Kethley, J., and Moore, J.C. 1987. A heptane flotation method for recovering micro-arthropods from semiarid soils, with comparison to the Merchant-Crossley high-gradient extraction method and estimates of microarthropod biomass. Pedobiologia 30: 221-232.
44. Wardle, D.A. 2002. Communities and Ecosystems: Linking the Aboveground and Below-ground Components. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
45. Williams, S., Ed. 1984. In Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, XIV edition, pp. 887-890.
46. Woolley, T.A. 1982. Mites and other soil micro-arthropods. In A.L. Page et al., Eds. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2-Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 1131-1142.