Bacterial ventilator-associated pneumonia: Bronchoalveolar lavage results are not influenced by dilution

Intensive Care Medicine

Volumn 35, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1210-1215

  Baldesi, Olivier ^a   Michel, Fabrice ^b   Guervilly, Christophe ^b   Embriaco, Nathalie ^b   Granfond, Aliocha ^c   La Scola, Bernard ^b   Portugal, Henri ^d   Papazian, Laurent ^b  

^a CENTRE HOSPITALIER DU PAYS D AIX   (France)

^b AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^c Hôpital Font Pré   (France)

^d HÔPITAL SAINTE MARGUERITE   (France)

Author keywords

Accuracy; BAL; Diagnosis; Dilution; Epithelial lining fluid; Pneumonia; Urea

Indexed keywords

UREA;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BACTERIUM CULTURE; COLONY FORMING UNIT; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DILUTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; LUNG LAVAGE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA;

AGED; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; COHORT STUDIES; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; FEMALE; FRANCE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PNEUMONIA, BACTERIAL; PNEUMONIA, VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; UREA;

EID: 67649335641     PISSN: 03424642     EISSN: 14321238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1417-4     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. JL Vincent DJ Bihari PM Suter HA Bruining J White MH Nicolas-Chanoin M Wolff RC Spencer M Hemmer 1995 The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee JAMA 274 639 644
2. MJ Richards JR Edwards DH Culver RP Gaynes 1999 Nosocomial infections in medical intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System Crit Care Med 27 887 892
3. MH Kollef 1993 Ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multivariate analysis JAMA 270 1965 1970 (Pubitemid 23312614)
4. J Rello DA Ollendorf G Oster M Vera-Llonch L Bellm R Redman MH Kollef 2002 Epidemiology and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a large US database Chest 122 2115 2121 (Pubitemid 36051151)
5. L Papazian A Autillo-Touati P Thomas F Bregeon L Garbe P Saux R Seite F Gouin 1997 Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: an evaluation of direct examination and presence of intracellular organisms Anesthesiology 87 268 276 (Pubitemid 27435368)
6. J Rello JA Paiva J Baraibar F Barcenilla M Bodi D Castander H Correa E Diaz J Garnacho M Llorio M Rios A Rodriguez J Sole-Violan 2001 International conference for the development of consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia Chest 120 955 970 (Pubitemid 32888237)
7. A Torres M el-Ebiary L Padro J Gonzalez JP de la Bellacasa J Ramirez A Xaubet M Ferrer R Rodriguez-Roisin 1994 Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149 324 331
8. SI Rennard G Basset D Lecossier KM O'Donnell P Pinkston PG Martin RG Crystal 1986 Estimation of volume of epithelial lining fluid recovered by lavage using urea as marker of dilution J Appl Physiol 60 532 538 (Pubitemid 16019939)
9. K Zedtwitz-Liebenstein P Schenk P Apfalter V Fuhrmann B Stoiser W Graninger E Schuster M Frass H Burgmann 2005 Ventilator-associated pneumonia: increased bacterial counts in bronchoalveolar lavage by using urea as an endogenous marker of dilution Crit Care Med 33 756 759
10. T Helling 1996 The value of clinical judgment in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia Am J Surg 171 570 575 (Pubitemid 26239295)
11. LJ Faling 1988 New advances in diagnosing nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients, Part I Am Rev Respir Dis 137 253 255 (Pubitemid 18050166)
12. WG Johanson Jr JJ Seidenfeld P Gomez R de los Santos JJ Coalson 1988 Bacteriologic diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia following prolonged mechanical ventilation Am Rev Respir Dis 137 259 264 (Pubitemid 18050168)
13. JY Fagon J Chastre M Wolff C Gervais S Parer-Aubas F Stephan T Similowski A Mercat JL Diehl JP Sollet A Tenaillon 2000 Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized trial Ann Intern Med 132 621 630 (Pubitemid 30217554)
14. P Gerbeaux V Ledoray A Boussuges F Molenat P Jean JM Sainty 1998 Diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: repeatability of the bronchoalveolar lavage Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157 76 80 (Pubitemid 28071264)
15. J Theodore ED Robin R Gaudio J Acevedo 1975 Transalveolar transport of large polar solutes (sucrose, inulin, and dextran) Am J Physiol 229 989 996
16. C Ward M Duddridge J Fenwick S Williams PV Gardiner DJ Hendrick EH Walters 1992 The origin of water and urea sampled at bronchoalveolar lavage in asthmatic and control subjects Am Rev Respir Dis 146 444 447
17. C Ward F Thien J Secombe S Gollant EH Walters 2000 Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid urea as a measure of pulmonary permeability in healthy smokers Eur Respir J 15 285 290 (Pubitemid 30085954)
18. PA Dargaville M South P Vervaart PN McDougall 1999 Validity of markers of dilution in small volume lung lavage Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160 778 784 (Pubitemid 29442008)
19. RG Crystal HY Reynolds AR Kalica 1986 Bronchoalveolar lavage: the report of an international conference Chest 90 122 131 (Pubitemid 16099959)
20. TW Marcy WW Merrill JA Rankin HY Reynolds 1987 Limitations of using urea to quantify epithelial lining fluid recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage Am Rev Respir Dis 135 1276 1280 (Pubitemid 18021521)