Britain and the world in the eighteenth century: Iii, britain and india

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

Volumn 10, Issue , 2000, Pages 1-16

  Marshall, Pj ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 67649331927     PISSN: 00804401     EISSN: 14740648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0080440100000013     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. ‘Dissertation on the Establishments made by the Mahomedan Conquerors in Indostan’ in A History of the Military Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan (2 vols., 1763-78), I, 7–8.
2. The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, vol. 6, India: The Launching of the Hastings Impeachment ij86-88, ed. P. J. Marshall (Oxford, 1991), 283.
3. See the essays in Modern Asian Studies, 31 (1997), especially 463-546, Victor Lieberman, ‘Transcending East-West Dichotomies: State and Culture Formation in Six Ostensibly Disparate Areas’, and 735-62, Sanjay Subrahmanyam. ‘Connected Histories: Notes Towards the Reconfiguration of Early Modern Eurasia’.
4. See tables in Jacob M. Price, ‘The Imperial Economy, 1700-1776’, in The Oxford History of the British Empire, ed. PJ. Marshall, vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century (Oxford University Press, 1998), 101.
5. Frank Perlin's Phrase, ‘Proto-industrialisation and Pre-colonial South Asia’, Past and Present, 98 (1983), 60.
6. Om Prakash, The New Cambridge History of India, 2, 5, European Commercial Enterprise in pre-Colonial India (Cambridge University Press, 1998), 317.
7. For criticism of this estimate, see Sushil Chaudhury, ‘European Trading Companies and the Bengal Textile Industry in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century: The Pitfalls of Applying Quantitative Methods’, Modern Asian Studies, 27 (1993), 321-340.
8. Michel Morineau, ‘The Indian Challenge, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries’ in Merchants, Companies and Trade: Europe and Asia in the Early Modern Era, ed. Sushil Chaudhury and M. Morineau (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 243-275.
9. Perlin, ‘Proto-industrialisation’, 33
10. David Washbrook, ‘South Asia, the World System and World Capitalism’ in South Asia and World Capitalism, ed. Sugata Bose (Delhi, 1990), 60
11. K. N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to ijo (Cambridge University Press, 1985), 208-214.
12. Writings and Speeches, 6, 311.
13. D. A. Washbrook, ‘Progress and Problems: South Asian Economic and Social History c. 1720-1860’, Modern Asian Studies, 22 (1988), 68.
14. For a recent statement of this view, see Muzaffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, ‘L'etat Moghol et sa fiscalite, xvie-xviiie siecles’, Annales: histoire, sciences soáales, 49 (1994), :89–127.
15. Notably Burton Stein, ‘State Formation and Economy Reconsidered’, Modern Asian Studies, 19 (1985), 387-413.
16. M. Athar Ali, ‘Recent Theories of Eighteenth-century India’, Indian Historical Review, (1987), 102–110
17. Z. U. Malik, ‘The Core and the Periphery: A Contribution to the Debate on the Eighteenth Century’, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 51st Session (Calcutta, 1990), 169-199
18. Irfan Habib, ‘The Eighteenth Century in Indian Economic History’, in On the Eighteenth Century as a Category of Asian History: Van Leur in Retrospect, ed. Leonard Blusse and Femme Gaastra (Aldershot, 1998), 217-236.
19. Lakshmi Subramanian, Indigenous Capital and Imperial Expansion: Bombay, Surat and the West Coast (Delhi, 1996).
20. Dirk Kolff, Naukar, Rajput and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market in Hindustan 1450-1850 (Cambridge University Press, 1990), 176-181.
21. H. H. Dodwell, Sepoy Recruitment in the Old Madras Army (Calcutta, 1922), 7.
22. See also Susan Bayly, Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society (Cambridge University Press, 1989), 194-199.
23. Seema Alavi, The Sepoys and the Company: Tradition and Transition in Northern India ijjo-1830 (Delhi, 1995), chap. 2.
24. Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500-1650 (Cambridge University Press, 1990), 322.
25. Kumkum Chatterjee, Merchants, Politics and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar 1J33-1820 (Leiden, 1996), 71-100.
26. Elizabeth Saxe, ‘Fortune's Tangled Web: Trading Networks of English Entrepreneurs in Eastern India, 1657-1717’ (Ph. D. thesis Yale University, 1978), 42, 690.
27. Catherine Manning, Fortunes a faire: The French in Asian Trade, ijig-8 (Aldershot, 2”.
28. Alfred Martineau, Bussy et linde française (Paris, 1935), 140-148
29. H. H. Dodwell, Dupleix and Clive: The Beginning of Empire (London, 1920), 86.
30. S. Bayly, Saints, Goddesses and Kings, 171.
31. Richard B. Barnett, North India Between Empires: Awadh, the Mughals and the British, ij20~ i8oi (Berkeley, 1980)
32. Michael H. Fisher, A Clash of Cultures: Awadh, the British and the Mughals (New Delhi, 1988).
33. ‘Indian Officials under the East India Company in eighteenth-century Bengal’ in P. J. Marshall, Trade and Conquest: Studies on the Rise of British Dominance in India (Aldershot, 1993).
34. C. U. Aitchison, A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sunnuds Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries (6 vols., Calcutta, 1862-4), I, 60.
35. Abdul Majed Khan, The Transition in Bengal, 1J56-1JJ5: A Study of Muhammad Reza Khan (Cambridge University Press, 1969), 16.
36. The Transition in Bengal, 1J56-1JJ5: A Study of Muhammad Reza Khan, p. 12. A similar point is made in C.A. Bayly, Empire and Information: Intelligence Gathering and Social Communication in India, ij8o-i8jo (Cambridge University Press, 1996), 86.
37. For reactions to the British as aliens, see Kumkum Chatterjee, ‘History as SelfRepresentation: The Recasting of a Political Tradition in Late Eighteenth-Century Eastern India’, Modern Asian Studies, 32 (1998), 913-948.
38. Sydney C. Grier, The Letters of Warren Hastings to his Wife (Edinburgh, 1905), 302. Hastings recorded his various meetings with the prince at Lucknow from May to August 1784 in his diary, B[ritish] L[ibrary], Add MS. 39879.
39. Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Portuguese Empire in Asia ioo~iyoo: A Political and Economic History (1993) 249-261.
40. Martineau, Bussy, 140.
41. Brajenranath Banerji, ‘The Mother of the Company’, Bengal Past and Present, 32 (1926)
42. Military Transactions in Indostan, 1, 34.
43. Brian Allen, Francis Hayman (New Haven, 1987), 68-69.
44. G. W. Forrest, The Life of Robert, Lord Clive (2 vols., 1918), II, 37.
45. Cited in Philip Lawson and Bruce Lenman, ‘Robert Clive, “the Black Jagir” and British Politics’, Historical Journal, 26 (1983), 813.
46. G. R. Gleig, Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable Warren Hastings (3 vols., 1841), I
47. Memoirs of the Life of the Right Honourable Warren Hastings, I, 472.
48. Forrest, Clive, II, 176.
49. The uncertainties of opinion at home are brought out in Huw V. Bowen, ‘A Question of Sovereignty? The Bengal Land Revenue Issue, 1765-67’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 16 (1988), 155-176.
50. Aitchison, Collection, V, 12–18.
51. See the discussion in C. A. Bayly, ‘The British Military-Fiscal State and Indigenous Resistance: India 1750-1820’ in Origins of Nationality in South Asia: Patriotism and Ethical Government in the Making of Modern India (Delhi, 1998), 241-251.
52. A Letter to the Proprietors of East India Stock from Lord Clive (1764), 36, 46.
53. Forrest, Clive, II, 176.
54. Letter to George Grenville, 14 Oct. 1764, Huntington Library, MS HM 31637.
55. Fort William-India House Correspondence, 14, 1J52-81, ed. Ambar Prasad (Delhi, 1985), 174.
56. Gleig, Hastings, I, 393.
57. Fort William-India House Correspondence, II, i757~59, ed. H.N. Sinha (Delhi, 1957), 250. 50 To Directors, 3 Sept. 1763, BL, Oriental and India Office Collections E/4/300, fo. ii.
58. Ijim Phillips, ‘A Successor to the Moguls: the Nawab of the Carnatic and the East India Company, 1763-1785’, International History Review, 7 (1985), 364-389.
59. M. Athar Ali, ‘Recent Theories of Eighteenth-Century India’, 109.
60. ‘Recent Theories of Eighteenth-Century India’, 108.