Relative deprivation and adolescent outcomes in Iceland: A multilevel test

Social Forces

Volumn 87, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 1223-1250

  Bernburg, Jón Gunnar ^a   Thorlindsson, Thorolfur ^a   Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^b REYKJAVIK UNIVERSITY   (Iceland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 67649282646     PISSN: 00377732     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/sof.0.0177     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Agnew, Robert. 1992. "Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency." Criminology 30(4):47-80.
2. -.1999. "A General Strain Theory of Community Differences in Crime." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 36(2):123-55.
3. Agnew, Robert, Francis T. Cullen, Velmer S. Burton, T. David Evans and R. Gregory Dunaway. 1996. "A New Test of Classic Strain Theory." Justice Quarterly 13(4):681-704.
4. Agnew, Robert, and Helene Raskin White. 1992. "An Empirical Test of General Strain Theory." Criminology 30(4):475-99.
5. Aseltine, Robert H., Jr, Susan Gore and Jennifer Gordon. 2000. "Life Stress, Anger and Anxiety, and Delinquency: An Empirical Test of General Strain Theory." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 41(3):256-75.
6. Baron, Stephen W. 2003. "Self-Control, Social Consequences, and Criminal Behavior: Street Youth and the General Theory of Crime." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 40(4):403-25.
7. -.2006. "Street Youth, Strain Theory, and Crime." Journal of Criminal Justice 34(2):209-23.
8. Bernburg, Jon Gunnar, and Marvin D. Krohn. 2003. "Labeling, Life Chances, and Adult Crime: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Official Intervention in Adolescence on Crime in Early Adulthood." Criminology 41(4):1287-1317.
9. Bernburg, Jon Gunnar, and ThorolfurThorlindsson. 2007. "Community Structure and Adolescent Delinquency in Iceland: A Contextual Analysis." Criminology 45(2):201-30.
10. Bjarnason, Dora S. 1974. A Study of the Intergenerational Difference in the Perception of Stratification in Urban Iceland. Unpublished master's thesis. Keele, England: Department of Sociology, University of Keele.
11. Bjerk, David. 2007. "Measuring the Relationship Between Youth Criminal Participation and Household Economic Resources." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 23(1):23-39.
12. Blau, Judith R., and Peter M. Blau. 1982. "The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime." American Sociological Review 47(1):114-29.
13. Braithwaite, John. 1981. "The Myth of Social Class and Criminality Reconsidered." American Sociological Review 46(1):36-57.
14. Bryk, Anthony S., and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 1992. Hierarchical Linear Models: Application and Data Analysis Methods. Sage Publication.
15. Bursik, Robert J. 1988. "Social Disorganization and Theories of Crime and Delinquency: Problems and Prospects." Criminology 26(4):519-51.
16. Burton, Velmer S., Francis T. Cullen, T. David Evans and R. Gregory Dunaway. 1994. "Reconsidering Strain Theory: Operationalization, Rival Theories, and Adult Criminality." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 10(3):213-39.
17. Canache, Damarys. 1996. "Looking Out my Back Door: The Neighborhood Context of Perceptions of Relative Deprivation."Political Research Quarterly 49(3):547-71.
18. Cohen, Albert. 1955. Delinquent Boys. Free Press.
19. Crosby, Faye. 1976. "A Model of Egoistical Relative Deprivation." Psychological Review 83(2):85-113.
20. Davies, James C. 1962. "Toward a Theory of Revolution." American Sociological Review 27(1):5-19.
21. Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., and Covi, L. 1973. "SCL-90: An Outpatient Psychiatric Rating Scale- Preliminary Report. "Psychopharmacology Bulletin 9:13-28.
22. Dunaway, R. Gregory, Francis T. Cullen, Velmer S. Burton and T. David Evans. 2000. "The Myth of Social Class and Crime Revisited: An Examination of Class and Adult Criminality." Criminology 38(2):589-632.
23. Famworth, Margaret, Terence Thomberry, Marvin D. Krohnand Alan J. Lizotte. 1994. "Measurement in the Study of Class and Delinquency- Integrating Theory and Research." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 31(1):32-61.
24. Gottfredson, Denise C, Richard J. McNeil III and Gary D. Gottfredson. 1991. "Social Area Influences on Delinquency: A Multilevel Analysis." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28(2):197-226.
25. Huston, Aletha C, V C. McLoyd, and C. G. Coll. 1994. "Children and Poverty-Issues in Contemporary Research." Child Development 65(2):275-82.
26. Jaffe, Dena H., Zvi Eisenbach, Yehuda D. Neumark and Orly Manor. 2005. "Individual, Household and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Mortality: A Study of Absolute and Relative Deprivation." Social Science & Medicine 60(5):989-97.
27. Jarjoura, G. Roger, and Ruth Triplett. 1997. "The Effects of Social Area Characteristics on the Relationship Between Social Class and Delinquency." Journal of Criminal Justice 25(2):125-39.
28. Johnstone, John W.C. 1978. "Social Class, Social Areas and Delinquency." Sociology and Social Research 63(1):49-72.
29. Kingery, Paul M., Frank A. Biafora and Rich S. Zimmerman. 1996. "Risk Factors for Violent Behaviors Among Ethnically Diverse Urban Adolescents- Beyond Race/Ethnicity." School Psychology International 17(2):171-86.
30. Knoester, Chris, and Dana L Haynie. 2005. "Community Context, Social Integration into Family, and Youth Violence." Journal of Marriage and Family 67{3):767-80.
31. Krahn, Harvey, Timothy F. Hartnagel and John W. Gartrell. 1986. "Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Cross-National Data and Criminological Theories." Criminology 24(2):269-95.
32. Levine, John, and Richard L Moreland. 1987. "Social Comparison and Outcome Evaluation in Group Contexts." Pp. 104-27. Social Comparison, Social Justice, and Relative Deprivation. John C. Masters and William P Smith, editors. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
33. Lucas, Jeffrey W. 2003. "Theory-Testing, Generalization, and the Problem of External Validity." Sociological Theory 21(3):236-53.
34. Menard, Scott. 1995. "A Developmental Test of Mertonian Anomie Theory." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 32(2):136-74.
35. Merton, Robert K. 1968. "Social Structure and Anomie." Pp. 185-214. Social Theory and Social Structure. Robert K. Merton, editor. The Free Press.
36. Merton, Robert K., and Alice S. Rossi. 1968. "Contributions to the Theory of Reference Group Behavior." Pp. 279-440. Social Theory and Social Structure. Robert K. Merton, editor. The Free Press.
37. Messner, Steven F. 1989. "Economic Discrimination and Societal Homicide Rates: Further Evidence of the Cost of Inequality." American Sociological Review 54(4):597-611.
38. Messner, Steven F, and Kenneth Tardiff. 1986. "Economic Inequality and Levels of Homicide: An Analysis of Urban Neighborhoods." Criminology 24(2):297-317.
39. Olafsson, Stefan. 1999. Íslenska leioin. Reykjavík, Iceland: Tryggingastofnun rfkisins.
40. Parkin, Frank. 1971. Class Inequality and the Political Order. Praeger.
41. Passas, Nicos. 1997. "Anomie, Reference Groups, and Relative Deprivation." Pp. 62-94. The Future of Anomie Theory. Nicos Passas and Robert Agnew, editors. Northeastern University Press.
42. Peterson, Axel West. 2004. "Inequality as Relative Deprivation: A Sociological Approach to Inequality Measurement." Acta Sociologica 47(1):31-49.
43. Raudenbush, Stephen, Anthony Bryk and Yuk Fai Cheong. 2001. HLM5: Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
44. Reis, Harry T. 1987. "The Nature of the Justice Motive: Some Thoughts on Operation, Intemalization, and Justification." Pp. 131-50. Social Comparison, Social Justice, and Relative Deprivation. John C. Masters and William R Smith, editors. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
45. Testa, M., and B. Major. 1990. "The Impact of Social Comparisons after Failure: The Moderating Effects of Perceived Control." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 11(2):205-18.
46. Runciman, Walter G. 1966. Relative Deprivation and Social Justice. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
47. Sampson, Robert J., and John H. Laub. 1994. "Urban Poverty and the Family Context of Delinquency: A New Look at Structure and Process in a Classic Study." Child Development 65(2):523-40
48. Schor, Juliet B. 1999. The Overspent American. Harper Perennial.
49. Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, George Farkas and Eric Silver. 2004. "The Role of Depressed Mood and Anger in the Relationship Between Family Conflict and Delinquent Behavior." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 33(6):509-22.
50. Stack, Steven. 1984. "Income Inequality and Property Crime: A Cross-National Analysis of Relative Deprivation Theory." Criminology 22(2):229-57.
51. Statistics Iceland. 2007. Wages, Income and Labour Market: Risk of Poverty and Income Distribution 2003-2004. Volume 92(1). Reykjavik, Iceland: Statistics Iceland.
52. Stiles, Beverly L., Xiaoru Liu and Howard B. Kaplan. 2000. "Relative Deprivation and Deviant Adaptations: The Mediating Effects of Negative Self-Feelings." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 37(1):64-90.
53. Stouffer, Samuel A., Edward A. Schuman, Leland C. DeVinney, Shirley A. Star and Robin B. Williams Jr. 1949. The American Soldier: Adjustment During Army Life, Volume 1. Princeton University Press.
54. Thorlindsson, Thorolfur. 1988. "Equality and Educational Opportunity in Iceland." Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 32(2):9-22.
55. Thorlindsson, Thorolfur, and Thoroddur Bjarnason. 1998. "Modeling Durkheim on the Micro Level: A Study of Youth Suicidality." American Sociological Review 63(1):94-110.
56. Tittle, Charles R., and Robert F. Meier. 1991. "Specifying the SES/Delinquency Relationship by Social Characteristics of Contexts." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28(4):430-55.
57. Tomason, Richard F. 1980. Iceland: The First New Society: Reykjavík: Iceland Review.
58. Yngwe, Monica Åberg, Johan Fritzell, Olle Lundberg, Finn Diderichsen and Bo Burström. 2003. "Exploring Relative Deprivation: Is Social Comparison a Mechanism in the Relation Between Income and Health?" Social Science & Medicine 57(8):1463-73.
59. Yngwe, Monica Åberg, Johan Fritzell, Bo Burström and Olle Lundberg. 2005. "Comparison or Consumption? Distinguishing Between Different Effects of Income on Health in Nordic Welfare States." Social Science & Medicine 61(3):627-35.
60. Wilensky, H.L. 1963. "The Moonlighter: A Product of Relative Deprivation." Industrial Relations 3(1):105-24.
61. Wright, Bradley R. Entner, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Richard A. Miech and Phil A. Silva. 1999. "Reconsidering the Relationship Between SES and Delinquency: Causation But Not Correlation." Criminology 37(1):175-94.