Energy resolution in CMOS SSPM detectors coupled to an LYSO scintillator

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

Volumn 56, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 1024-1032

  Johnson, Erik B ^a   Barton, Paul ^b   Shah, Kanai ^a   Stapels, Christopher J ^a   Wehe, David K ^b   Christian, James F ^a  

^a RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES INC   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS); LYSO; SiPM; Solid state photomultipler; Solid state photomultiplier (SSPM)

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE AREA; BINOMIAL FUNCTIONS; CMOS TECHNOLOGY; COMPLEMENTARY METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS); DARK COUNTS; DELETERIOUS EFFECTS; DETECTION EFFICIENCY; DETECTOR RESPONSE; ENERGY RESOLUTIONS; FILL FACTOR; FINITE NUMBER; LYSO; NOISE CONTRIBUTIONS; NOISE EFFECTS; NOISE TERMS; PACKING DENSITY; PHOTON INTENSITIES; PULSED LASER; SCINTILLATION CRYSTALS; SIPM;

CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; DETECTORS; GAMMA RAYS; LIGHT; LIGHT SOURCES; LUMINESCENCE; PHOTOMULTIPLIERS; PULSED LASER APPLICATIONS; SCINTILLATION; SCINTILLATION COUNTERS; SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS;

PIXELS;

EID: 67649224356     PISSN: 00189499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2009.2016092     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. R. J. McIntyre, "On the avalanche initiation probability of avalanche diodes above the breakdown voltage," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-20, no. 7, pp. 637-641, Jul. 1973.
2. R. J. McIntyre, "Recent developments in silicon avalanche photodi-odes," Measurement (UK), vol. 3, pp. 146-152, 1985.
3. S. Vasile, J. S.Gordon, R. Farrell, and M.R. Squillante, "Fast avalanche photodiode detectors for the superconducting super collider," in Proc. Conf. Rec. Semiconductors for Room-Temperature Radiation Detector Applicat. Symp., 1993, pp. 537-542.
4. H. Dautet, P. Deschamps, B. Dion, A. D. MacGregor, D. MacSween, R. J. McIntyre, C. Trottier, and P. P. Webb, "Photon counting techniques with silicon avalanche photodiodes," Appl. Opt., vol. 32, pp. 3894-3900, 1993.
5. S. Cova, M. Ghioni, A. Lacaita, C. Samori, and F. Zappa, "Avalanche photodiodes and quenching circuits for single-photon detection," Appl. Opt., vol. 35, p. 1956, 1996.
6. P. Buzhan, B. Dolgoshein, A. Ilyin, V. Kantserov, V. Kaplin, A. Karakash, A. Pleshko, E. Popova, S. Smirnov, Y. Volkov, L. Filatov, S. Klemin, and F. Kayumov, "The advanced study of silicon photomulti-plier," in Proc. Conf. Rec. Advanced Technology and Particle Physics (ICATPP-7), 2001, pp. 717-728.
7. J. F. Christian, G. Svolos, A. I. Kogan, F. L. Augustine, M. R. Squil-lante, and G. Entine, "Characterization & modeling of APD pixels made with CMOS technology," presented at the Nano Materials for Defense Appl., Maui, HI, 2004.
8. A. Rochas, P. A. Besse, B. Furrer, M. Gani, N. Gisin, R. S. Popovic, and G. Ribordy, "Single photon detector fabricated in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor high-voltage technology," Rev. Sci. In-strum., vol. 74, pp. 3263-3270, 2003.
9. C. J. Stapels, F. L. Augustine, M. R. Squillante, and J. F. Christian, "Characterization of CMOS solid-state photomultiplier for a digital radiation rate meter," in Proc. Conf. Rec. IEEE NSS, 2006, pp. 918-922.
10. J. F. Christian, R. Sia, P. Dokhale, I. Shestakova, V. Nagarkar, K. Shah, E. B. Johnson, C. J. Stapels, J. M. Ryan, J. Macri, U. Bravar, K.-N. Leung, and M. R. Squillante, "Nuclear material detection techniques," in Proc. Conf. Rec. Opt. Photonics Global Homeland Security IV, p. 69451Q.
11. C. J. Stapels, E. B. Johnson, R. Sia, F. L. Augustine, and J. F. Christian, "Integrated signal processing of CMOS Geiger photodiode arrays," in Proc. Conf. Rec. IEEE NSS, 2007, pp. 4586-4590.
12. S. Vasile and J. Lipson, "Low-cost LADAR imagers," Proc. SPIE - The Int. Soc. for Opt. Eng., vol. 6950, pp. 69500P-1-69500P-6, 2008.
13. B. Aull, A. H. Loomis, D. J. Young, R. M. Heinrichs, B. J. Felton, P. J. Daniels, and D. J. Landers, "Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes for three dimensional imaging," Lincoln Lab. J., vol. 13, pp. 335-350, 2002.
14. B. Aull, "3D imaging with Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes," Opt. Photon. News, vol. 16, pp. 42-46, 2005.
15. S. Korpar, R. Dolenec, K. Hara, T. Iijima, P. Krizan, Y. Mazuka, R. Pestotnik, A. Stanovnik, and M. Yamaoka, "Measurement of cherenkov photons with silicon photomultipliers," Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A, vol. 594, pp. 13-17, 2008.
16. L. Hongrui and G. Kanke, "Initial experimental studies of using solid-state photomultiplier for PET applications," Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A, vol. 580, pp. 944-950, 2007.
17. J. C. Jackson, D. Phelan, A. P. Morrison, R. M. Redfern, and A. Mathewson, "Toward integrated single-photon-counting microarrays," in Proc. Opt. Eng., Bellingham, 2003, vol. 42, pp. 112-118.
18. I. Britvitch, Y. Musienko, and D. Renker, "Investigation of a photon counting avalanche photodiode from Hamamatsu photonics," Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A, vol. 567, pp. 276-280, 2006.
19. P. Buzhan, B. Dolgoshhein, L. Filatov, A. Ilyin, V. Kaplin, A. Karakash, S. Klemin, R. Mirzoyan, A. N. Otte, E. Popova, V. Sosnovtsev, and M. Teshima, "Large area silicon photomultipliers: Performance and applications," Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A, vol. 567, pp. 78-82, 2006.
20. W. G. Oldham, R. R. Samuelson, and P. Antognetti, "Triggering phenomena in avalanche diodes," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-19, no. 9, p. 1056, Sep. 1972.
21. M. Ghioni, S. Cova, F. Zappa, and C. Samori, "Compact active quenching circuit for fast photon counting with avalanche photodiodes," Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 67, p. 3440, 1996.
22. A. L. Lacaita, F. Zappa, S. Bigliardi, and M. Manfredi, "On the bremsstrahlung origin of hot-carrier-induced photons in silicon devices," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 577-582, Mar. 1993.
23. L. Carbone, R. Brunetti, C. Jacoboni, A. Lacaita, and M. Fischetti, "Polarization analysis of hot-carrier light emission in silicon," Semicond. Sci. Technol., vol. 9, pp. 674-676, 1994.
24. S. Villa, A. L. Lacaita, and A. Pacelli, "Photon emission from hot electrons in silicon," Phys. Rev. B, Condens. Matter, vol. 52, pp. 10993-10999, 1995.
25. C. J. Stapels, W. G. Lawrence, F. L. Augustine, and J. F. Christian, "CMOS solid-state photomultiplier for detecting scintillation light in harsh environments," in Proc. Conf. Rec. SNIC Symp., 2006, p. PSN-0218 [Online]. Available: http://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C0604032/index. htm
26. E. Sciacca, G. Condorelli, S. Aurite, S. Lombardo, M. Mazzillo, D. Sanfilippo, G. Fallica, and E. Rimini, "Crosstalk characterization in Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays," IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 29, no. 3, p. 218, Mar. 2008.
27. S. Cova, A. Lacaita, and G. Ripamonti, "Trapping phenomena in avalanche photodiodes on nanosecond scale," IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 685-687, Dec. 1991.
28. W. J. Kindt and H. W. van Zeijl, "Modelling and fabrication of Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., vol. 45, no. 3, pt. 1, pp. 715-719, Jun. 1998.
29. C. J. Stapels, W. G. Lawrence, F. L. Augustine, and J. F. Christian, "Characterization of a CMOS Geiger photodiode pixel," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 631-635, Apr. 2006.
30. C. J. Stapels, M. R. Squillante, W. G. Lawrence, F. L. Augustine, and J. F. Christian, "CMOS-based avalanche photodiodes for direct particle detection," Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors Associated Equipment, vol. 579, pp. 94-98, 2007.
31. G. F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 1999.
32. C. Stapels, E. Johnson, R. Sia, P. Barton, D. C. Wehe, M. Squillante, and J. Christian, "Digital scintillation-based dosimeter-on-a-chip," in Proc. IEEE Conf. Rec. Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Rec., 2007, pp. 1976-1981.
33. 2 silicon photomultiplier," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 44, no. 2, p. 157, Feb. 2008.
34. S. M. Ignatov, D. A. Maneuski, V. N. Potapov, and V. M. Chirkin, "A scintillation g-ray DEtector based on a solid-state photomultier," Inst. Exp. Tech., vol. 50, p. 51, 2007.
35. Y. Danon, B. Sones, and R. Block, "A measurement of the photon detection efficiency of silicon photomultipliers," Nuc. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A, vol. 567, p. 360, 2006.
36. A. N. Otte, J. Hose, R. Mirzoyan, A. Romaszkiewicz, M. Teshima, and A. Thea, "A measurement of the photon detection efficiency of silicon photomultipliers," Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A, vol. 567, pp. 360-363, 2006.
37. F. Corsi, C. Marzocca, M. Foresta, G. Matarrese, A. D. Guerra, S. Marcatili, G. Llosa, G. Collazuol, G. F. D. Betta, and C. Piemonte, "Preliminary results from a current mode CMOS front-end circuit for silicon photomultipler detectors," in Proc. Conf. Rec. IEEE NSS, 2007, pp. 360-365.
38. M. Moszynski, M. Szawlowske, M. Kapusta, andM. Balcerzyk, "Large area avalanche photodiodes in scintillation and X-rays detection," Nucl. Inst. Meth. Phys. Res. A, vol. 485, pp. 504-521, 2002.