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The reason for the sequential unfolding is that each layer of the quaternary structure consists of approximately three LL bonds. When a pilus is exposed to a force, each bond in the interior of the rod will therefore experience significantly less force (∼1/3) than the outermost, wherefore unfolding will take place in a strict sequential manner from the end of the folded part of the rod and thereby at a constant force.
-
The reason for the sequential unfolding is that each layer of the quaternary structure consists of approximately three LL bonds. When a pilus is exposed to a force, each bond in the interior of the rod will therefore experience significantly less force (∼1/3) than the outermost, wherefore unfolding will take place in a strict sequential manner from the end of the folded part of the rod and thereby at a constant force.
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67649106350
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Whereas the length of a pilus is given by the number of subunits by which it is composed, the offset position depends on the geometry of the system (including effects of the position of attachment and irregularities in the surface of the bacterium or the surface to which it attaches).
-
Whereas the length of a pilus is given by the number of subunits by which it is composed, the offset position depends on the geometry of the system (including effects of the position of attachment and irregularities in the surface of the bacterium or the surface to which it attaches).
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32
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67649131185
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It should be noted that the expressions derived are valid for any (constant) force in all elongation regions, although they are not applicable to the cases when a pilus makes a transition between two regions, e.g. from region II to II.
-
It should be noted that the expressions derived are valid for any (constant) force in all elongation regions, although they are not applicable to the cases when a pilus makes a transition between two regions, e.g. from region II to II.
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33
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67649112961
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Although the number of pili in region II in reality is an integer, we will here in this description, for simplicity, allow NII to be noninteger, given by Eq..
-
Although the number of pili in region II in reality is an integer, we will here in this description, for simplicity, allow NII to be noninteger, given by Eq..
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An observation is that the lifetime curves for the limiting cases merge for low forces which is not explained by Eqs.. This phenomenon is caused by the fact that the off rate of the pili that is not exposed to any force has been neglected in the derivation of the sequential force exposure, Eq.. When the force approaches zero this assumption becomes invalid and the system can no longer be viewed as sequential, i.e., both pili have a significant off rate at low forces. In the force free case, both pili have the same off rate, i.e., both systems are simultaneous systems in this special case.
-
An observation is that the lifetime curves for the limiting cases merge for low forces which is not explained by Eqs.. This phenomenon is caused by the fact that the off rate of the pili that is not exposed to any force has been neglected in the derivation of the sequential force exposure, Eq.. When the force approaches zero this assumption becomes invalid and the system can no longer be viewed as sequential, i.e., both pili have a significant off rate at low forces. In the force free case, both pili have the same off rate, i.e., both systems are simultaneous systems in this special case.
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67649095886
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In case of x >1, the adhesion lifetime scales linearly with the number of pili; it is approximately equal to the product of the number of pili and the adhesion lifetime of single pilus exposed to the entire force.
-
In case of x >1, the adhesion lifetime scales linearly with the number of pili; it is approximately equal to the product of the number of pili and the adhesion lifetime of single pilus exposed to the entire force.
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