Prioritized phenotypic responses to combined predators in a marine snail

Ecology

Volumn 90, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1659-1669

  Bourdeau, Paul E ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Antipredator behavior; Cancer productus; Inducible defenses; Multiple predators; Multiple traits; Nucella lamellosa; Phenotypic integration; Phenotypic plasticity; Pisaster ochraceus; Predation risk; Shell morphology; Trade off

Indexed keywords

ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSE; BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; CONSPECIFIC; CRAB; HABITAT USE; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; MORPHOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; PREDATION RISK; REFUGE; SHELL; SNAIL;

ADAPTATION; ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; BRACHYURA; ECHINODERM; HISTOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PHYSIOLOGY; SNAIL;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BRACHYURA; ECHINODERMATA; PHENOTYPE; SNAILS;

CANCER PRODUCTUS; DECAPODA (CRUSTACEA); GASTROPODA; NUCELLA LAMELLOSA; PISASTER OCHRACEUS;

EID: 67449161801     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/08-1653.1     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aigner, P. A. 2004. Floral specialization without trade-offs: optimal corolla flare in contrasting pollination environments. Ecology 85:2560-2569.
2. Anderson, K. E., J. B. Tharrington, P. A. Curtis, and F. T. Jones. 2004. Shell characteristics of eggs from historic strains of single comb white leghorn chickens and the relationship of egg shape to shell strength. International Journal of Poultry Science 3:17-19.
3. Appleton, R. D., and A. R. Palmer. 1988. Water-borne stimuli released by predatory crabs and damaged prey induce more predator-resistant shells in a marine gastropod. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 85:4387-4391.
4. Bertness, M. D., and C. Cunningham. 1981. Crab shell-crushing predation and gastropod architectural defense. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 50: 213-230.
5. Bookstein, F. L. 1989. Principal warps - thin-plate splines and the decomposition of deformations. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 11:567-585.
6. Daniel, T. L. 1984. Unsteady aspects of aquatic locomotion. American Zoologist 24:121-134.
7. DeWitt, T. J. 1998. Costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity: tests with predator-induced morphology and life history in a freshwater snail. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 11:465-480.
8. DeWitt, T. J., and R. B. Langerhans. 2003. Multiple prey traits, multiple predators: keys to understanding complex community dynamics. Journal of Sea Research 49:143-155.
9. DeWitt, T. J., B. W. Robinson, and D. S. Wilson. 2000. Functional diversity among predators of a freshwater snail imposes an adaptive trade-off for shell morphology. Evolutionary Ecology Research 2:129-148.
10. DeWitt, T. J., and S. M. Scheiner, editors. 2003. Phenotypic plasticity: functional and conceptual approaches. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
11. DeWitt, T. J., A. Sih, and J. A. Hucko. 1999. Trait compensation and cospecialization in a freshwater snail: size, shape and antipredator behaviour. Animal Behaviour 58:397-407.
12. DeWitt, T. J., A. Sih, and D. S. Wilson. 1998. Costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13: 77-81.
13. Edgell, T. C., and C. J. Neufeld. 2008. Experimental evidence for latent developmental plasticity: intertidal whelks respond to a native but not an introduced predator. Biology Letters 4: 385-387.
14. Edgell, T. C., and R. Rochette. 2008. Differential snail predation by an exotic crab and the geography of shell-claw covariance in the northwest Atlantic. Evolution 62:1216-1228.
15. Freeman, A. S. 2007. Specificity of induced defenses in Mytilus edulis and asymmetrical predator deterrence. Marine Ecology Progress Series 334:145-153.
16. Gabriel, W., B. Luttbeg, A. Sih, and R. Tollrian. 2005. Environmental tolerance, heterogeneity, and the evolution of reversible plastic responses. American Naturalist 166:339-353.
17. Hendrix, L. J., M. W. Carter, and D. T. Scott. 1982. Covariance analyses with heterogeneity of slopes in fixed models. Biometrics 38:641-650.
18. Hoverman, J. T., and R. A. Relyea. 2007. The rules of engagement: how to defend against combinations of predators. Oecologia 154:551-560.
19. Jacobsen, H. P., and O. B. Stabell. 1999. Predator-induced alarm responses in the common periwinkle, Littorina littorea: dependence on season, light conditions, and chemical labelling of predators. Marine Biology 134:551-557.
20. Kemp, P., and M. D. Bertness. 1984. Snail shape and growth rates: evidence for plastic shell allometry in Littorina littorea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 81: 811-813.
21. Lima, S. L. 1992. Life in a multi predator environment: some considerations for antipredator vigilance. Annales Zoologici Fennici 29:217-226.
22. Lima, S. L., and L. M. Dill. 1990. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation - a review and prospectus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:619-640.
23. Manly, B. F. J., P. Miller, and L. M. Cook. 1972. Analysis of a selective predation experiment. American Naturalist 106: 719-736.
24. Marko, P. B., and A. R. Palmer. 1991. Responses of a rocky shore gastropod to the effluents of predatory and nonpredatory crabs - avoidance and attraction. Biological Bulletin 181:363-370.
25. Matsuda, H., M. Hori, and P. A. Abrams. 1996. Effects of predator-specific defense on community complexity in two- trophic-level communities. Evolutionary Ecology 10:13-28.
26. Mauzey, K. P. 1966. Feeding behavior and reproductive cycles in Pisaster ochraceus. Biological Bulletin 131:127-144.
27. Menge, B. A., and J. Lubchenco. 1981. Community organization in temperate and tropical rocky intertidal habitats: prey refuges in relation to consumer pressure gradients. Ecological Monographs 51:429-450.
28. Miner, B. G., S. E. Sultan, S. G. Morgan, D. K. Padilla, and R. A. Relyea. 2005. Ecological consequences of phenotypic plasticity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20:685-692.
29. Navarrete, S. A., B. A. Menge, and B. A. Daley. 2000. Species interactions in intertidal food webs: Prey or predation regulation of intermediate predators? Ecology 81:2264-2277.
30. Padilla, D. K., and S. C. Adolph. 1996. Plastic inducible morphologies are not always adaptive: the importance of time delays in a stochastic environment. Evolutionary Ecology 10:105-117.
31. Paine, R. T. 1974. Intertidal community structure: experimental studies on relationship between a dominant competitor and its principal predator. Oecologia 15:93-120.
32. Palmer, A. R. 1982. Growth in marine gastropods: a non-destructive technique for independently measuring shell and body weight. Malacologia 23:63-73.
33. Palmer, A. R. 1990. Effect of crab effluent and scent of damaged conspecifics on feeding, growth, and shell morphology of the Atlantic dogwhelk Nucella lapillus (L.). Hydrobiologia 193:155-182.
34. Pigliucci, M. 2003. Phenotypic integration: studying the ecology and evolution of complex phenotypes. Ecology Letters 6: 265-272.
35. Pigliucci, M. 2005. Evolution of phenotypic plasticity: Where are we going now? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20:481-486.
36. Ramos-Jiliberto, R., E. Frodden, and A. Aranguiz-Acuna. 2007. Pre-encounter versus post-encounter inducible defenses in predator-prey model systems. Ecological Modelling 200: 99-108.
37. Reimer, O., and M. Tedengren. 1996. Phenotypical improvement of morphological defences in the mussel Mytilus edulis induced by exposure to the predator Asterias rubens. Oikos 75:383-390.
38. Relyea, R. A. 2003. How prey respond to combined predators: a review and an empirical test. Ecology 84:1827-1839.
39. Relyea, R. A. 2004. Integrating phenotypic plasticity when death is on the line: insights from predator-prey systems. Pages 176-193 in M. Pigliucci and K. Preston, editors. Phenotypic integration: studying the ecology and evolution of complex phenotypes. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
40. Rohlf, F. J. 2006a. tpsDig. Version 2.10. State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
41. Rohlf, F. J. 2006b. tpsRelw. Version 1.44. State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
42. Rohlf, F. J., and L. F. Marcus. 1993. A revolution in morphometrics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8:129-132.
43. Sih, A., G. Englund, and D. Wooster. 1998. Emergent impacts of multiple predators on prey. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:350-355.
44. Smith, L. D., and J. A. Jennings. 2000. Induced defensive responses by the bivalve Mytilus edulis to predators with different attack modes. Marine Biology 136:461-469.
45. Spight, T. M. 1974. Sizes of populations of a marine snail. Ecology 55:712-729.
46. Teplitsky, C., S. Plenet, and P. Joly. 2004. Hierarchical responses of tadpoles to multiple predators. Ecology 85: 2888-2894.
47. Tollrian, R., and C. D. Harvell, editors. 1998. The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
48. Trussell, G. C. 1996. Phenotypic plasticity in an intertidal snail: the role of a common crab predator. Evolution 50:448-454.
49. Van Buskirk, J., and M. Arioli. 2002. Dosage response of an induced defense: How sensitive are tadpoles to predation risk? Ecology 83:1580-1585.
50. Vermeij, G. J. 1987. Evolution and escalation: an ecological history of life. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
51. Vermeij, G. J. 1993. A natural history of shells. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
52. Watanabe, J. M. 1983. Anti-predator defenses of three kelp forest gastropods: contrasting adaptations of closely-related prey species. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 71:257-270.
53. West, K., A. Cohen, and M. Baron. 1991. Morphology and behavior of crabs and gastropods from Lake Tanganyika, Africa: implications for lacustrine predator-prey coevolution. Evolution 45:589-607.
54. West-Eberhard, M. J. 2003. Developmental plasticity and evolution. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.