Biology of the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia

Hydrobiologia

Volumn 630, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-37

  Whitton, B A ^a   Ellwood, N T W ^a,b   Kawecka, B ^c  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b ROMA TRE UNIVERSITY   (Italy)

^c INSTITUTE OF NATURE CONSERVATION   (Poland)

Author keywords

Catchment; Control; Didymosphenia; Environmental change; Nuisance problems; Nutrients; Organic phosphate; Sampling; Stalk; Worldwide status

Indexed keywords

DIDYMOSPHENIA; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; NUISANCE PROBLEMS; ORGANIC PHOSPHATE; STALK; WORLDWIDE STATUS;

ATMOSPHERICS; CATCHMENTS; FISHERIES; FORESTRY; MEATS; RUNOFF;

NUTRIENTS;

ALGA; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; COLONIAL ORGANISM; DIATOM; ECOMORPHOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FISH; FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH RESPONSE; MIGRATORY POPULATION; MOTILITY; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; ORGANIC SOIL; SEASONAL VARIATION; TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT;

AUSTRALASIA; NEW ZEALAND;

BACILLARIOPHYTA; DIDYMOSPHENIA; DIDYMOSPHENIA GEMINATA; SALMO TRUTTA; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 67449085003     PISSN: 00188158     EISSN: 15735117     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10750-009-9753-5     Document Type: Review

References (248)

1. M Aboal MA Puig AD Asencio 2005 Production of microcystins in calcareous streams. The Alharabe River, Segura River basin of south-east Spain Journal of Applied Phycology 17 231 243
2. E Ács K Szabó KT Kiss F Hindák 2003 Benthic algal investigations in the Danube river and some of its main tributaries from Germany to Hungary Biologia, Bratislava 58 545 554
3. J Alabaster 1970 River flow and upstream movement and catch of migratory salmonids J. Fish Biology 2 1 13
4. SE Antoine K Benson-Evans 1983 Polymorphism and size variation in Didymosphenia geminata from Great Britain (Abstract) British Phycological Journal 18 199 200
5. Antoine, S. E, K. Benson-Evans, 1986. Teratological variations in the River Wye diatom flora, Wales, U.K. In Ricard, M. (ed.), Proceedings Eighth International Diatom Symposium. Koeltz, Koenigstein: 375-384.
6. APEM, 2008. River Coquet. Salmon Action Plan Review. Report for Environment Agency (of England & Wales) at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, July 2008. APEM Scientific Report 410230: 48 pp.
7. Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality, April, 2006. Didymosphenia geminata Didymo algae [available on internet at http://www.adeq.state.ar.us ].
8. ASCONIT, 2007. Étude du peuplement diatomique de stations du RNB, du RCB et de la DCE dans la Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'azur. Campagne 2006. Rapport final-DIREN Alpes Provence Côte d'Azur, Le Tholonet, France.
9. JF Asprey K Benson-Evans JE Furet 1964 A contribution to the study of South American freshwater phytoplankton Gayana Botanica 10 1 18
10. S Barinova L Medvedeva E Nevo 2008 Regional influences on algal biodiversity in two polluted rivers of Eurasia (Rudnaya River, Russia, and Qishon River, Israel) by bioindication and canonical correspondence analysis Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 6 4 29 59
11. Beeson, D. R, K. Mitchum, 2006. The past and present status of Didymosphenia geminata in the upper East Boulder River. In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 8.
12. Beltrami, M. E., C. Cappelletti & F. Ciutti, 2007. A first characterization of diatom communities from Trentino streams (Northern Italy). In Kusber, W.-H, R. Jahn (eds), Proceedings 1st Central European Diatom Meeting, 2007. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin: 6-10.
13. ME Beltrami C Cappelletti F Ciutti 2008 Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt (Bacillariophyta) in the Danube basin: New data from the Drava river (northern Italy) Plant Biosystems 142 126 129
14. ME Beltrami C Cappelletti F Ciutti L Hoffmann L Ector 2008 Distribution and ecology of Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt (Bacillariophyta) in Trentino watercourses (Northern Italy) Cryptogamie Algologie 29 141 160
15. ME Beltrami C Cappelletti F Ciutti L Hoffmann L Ector 2008 The diatom Didymosphenia geminata: distribution and mass occurrence in the Province of Trento (Northern Italy) Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie 30 593 597
16. E Berrendero E Perona P Mateo 2008 Genetic and morphological characterization of Rivularia and Calothrix (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from running water International Journal of Evolutionary Microbiology 58 447 460
17. JP Bhatt A Bhaskar MK Pandit 2008 Biology, distribution and ecology of Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) Schmidt an abundant diatom from the Indian Himalayan rivers Aquatic Ecology 42 347 353
18. TO Bickel GP Closs 2008 Impact of Didymosphenia geminata on hyporheic conditions in trout redds: reason for concern? Marine and Freshwater Research 59 1028 1033
19. Biggs, B. J. F., C. Kilroy & C. C. Vieglais, 2006. A New Zealand science response to help manage Didymosphenia geminata-an unwanted diatom invader of freshwaters. In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers) Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 7.
20. S Blanco L Ector 2008 Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyta, Gomphonemataceae) una amenaza para nuestros rios Cuadernos de Biodiversidad 28 3 6 (in Spanish)
21. MJ Boavida RG Wetzel 1998 Inhibition of phosphatase activity by dissolved humic substances and hydrolytic reactivation by natural ultraviolet light Freshwater Biology 40 285 293
22. E Bonardi 1888 Premières recherches sur les diatomées de Vall'Intelvi Journal de Micrographie 12 303 382
23. Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding, 2008. Synopsis. The 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: xiii-xxi.
24. Bothwell, M. L., D. M. J. Sherbot, J. Denisgeger, H. Wright, D. Lynch & D. J. Kelly, 2006. Blooms of Didymosphenia geminata in rivers of Vancouver Island. 1990 to present: A sign of environmental change or a new invasive species? In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 9.
25. Bothwell, M. L., B. Holtby, D. R. Lynch, H. Wright & K. Pellett, 2008. Did blooms of Didymosphenia geminata affect runs of anadromous salmonids on Vancouver Island? In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 50-53.
26. Bowman, M. F., 2008. Increased Didymosphenia geminata biomass in response to low-level phosphorus enrichment of oligotrophic rivers. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 30-34.
27. MF Bowman PA Chambers DW Schindler 2005 Epilithic abundance in relation to anthropogenic changes in phosphorus bioavailability and limitation in mountain rivers Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62 174 184
28. L Bragazza C Freeman T Jones H Rydin J Limoens N Fenner T Ellis R Gerdol M Hájek T Hájek P Iacumin L Kutnar T Tahvanainen H Toberman 2006 Atmospheric nitrogen deposition promotes carbon loss from peat bogs Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 103 51 19386 19389
29. Brun, J., 1880. Diatomées des Alpes et du Jura et de la région suisse et française des environments de Genève. Masson, Genève et Paris: 146 pp. + 9 plates; also 1965 facsimile (in French).
30. Cadjo, S. A., A. Miletic & A. Djurkovic, 2005. Phytoplankton, physico-chemical and saprobiological characteristics of the Danube River, on the stretch through Serbia. Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Belgrade: 13.
31. ML Campbell 2008 Organism impact assessment: risk analysis for post-incursion management International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 65 795 804
32. Canter-Lund, H, J. W. G. Lund, 1995. Freshwater Algae. Their Microscopic World Explored. Biopress, Bristol, UK: 360 pp.
33. Carter, C. C., 2007. Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt in a non-typical environment. Quekett Journal of Microscopy 49:431-432 (Author is C. F. Carter: cited incorrectly in journal).
34. JR Carter 1960 Diatom notes. British freshwater forms of the genus Gomphonema Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club 12 255 265
35. Cary, S. C., B. J. Hicks, K. J. Coyne, A. Rueckert, C. E. C. Gemmill, C. M. E. Barnett, 2007. A sensitive genetic based detection capability for Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt: Final report. Client report prepared for MAF Biosecurity New Zealand. CBER Contract Report No. 62. Centre for Biodiversity and Ecology Research, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
36. Cary, S. C., B. J. Hicks, C. E. C. Gemmill, A. Rueckert & K. J. Coyne, 2008 A sensitive genetic-based detection and enumeration method for Didymosphenia geminata. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 6-9.
37. V Cassie 1984 Checklist of the freshwater diatoms of New Zealand Bibliotheca Diatomologica 4 5 129
38. Cazaubon, A., 1988. Etude des peuplements d'algues en dérive et benthiques (épiphytiques, épilithiques, épipsammiques et épipéliques) des rivières méditerranéennes (sud-est de la France: Provence et Corse). Ph. D. Thesis, Faculté des Sciences de Saint-Jérome, Université de Droit, d'Economie et des Sciences d'Aix-Marseille III, Marseille, France.
39. Chapman, V. J., R. H. Thompson, & E. C. M. Segar, 1957. Check list of the fresh-water algae of New Zealand. Trans R Soc N Z 84(4): 695-747.
40. BJ Cholnoky 1924 Bacillarieák coloniának ismereténez Folia Cryptogamica 1 3 24
41. M Christmas BA Whitton 1998 Phosphorus and aquatic bryophytes in the Swale-Ouse river system, north-east England. 1. Relationship between ambient phosphorus, internal N:P ratio and surface phosphatase activity Science of the Total Environment 210/211 389 399
42. M Christmas BA Whitton 1998 Phosphorus and aquatic bryophytes in the Swale-Ouse river system, north-east England. 2. Phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities of Fontinalis antipyretica Science of the Total Environment 210/211 401 409
43. TM, a chelated copper formulation). NIWA Report HAM2006-174.
44. TM, a chelated copper formulation, in a small river). NIWA Report HAM2007-060.
45. WA Clemens DS Rawson JL McHugh 1939 A biological survey of Okanaga Lake, British Columbia Bulletin Fisheries Research Board of Canada 56 1 70
46. Codd, G. A., J. Lindsay, F. M. Young, L. F. Morrison & J. S. Metcalf, 2005, Harmful cyanobacteria. In Huisman, J., C. P. Matthijs & P. M. Visser (eds), Harmful Cyanobacteria. Springer, Dordrecht: 241 pp, pp. 1-23.
47. Columbia River Integrated Environmental Program, 2005. Public update on the environmental health of the Columbia River from Hugh Keenleyside Dam to the border. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing ISBN 0-7726-5411-5, 12 pp.
48. J Comère 1894 Les Diatomées des Pyrénées Bulletin Societé Ramond 1 5 16 75
49. Coyne, K. J., T. D. Niederberger, B. J. Hicks & S. C. Cary, 2006. Detection of invasive algae using DNA probes. In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers) Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA. 29 pp, p.10.
50. PA Dawson 1973 The morphology of the siliceous components of Didymosphaenia geminata (Lyngb.) M. Schm British Phycological Journal 8 65 78
51. PA Dawson 1973 Further observations on the genus Didymosphaenia M. Schmidt-D. siberica (Grun.) M. Schm British Phycological Journal 8 197 201
52. Day, S. A., R. P. Wickham, T. J. Entwisle & P. A. Tyler, 1995. Bibliographic check-list of non-marine algae in Australia. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 4: vii + 276.
53. Dorogostaisky V., 1904. Materiaux pour servir à l'algologie du lac Baikal et de son bassin. Bulletin de la Societé Impériale des Naturalistes du Moscou, n.s. 18: 229-265 (also quoted as 2: 229-265).
54. C Durrieu I Badreddine C Daix 2003 A dialysis system with phytoplankton for monitoring chemical pollution in freshwater ecosystems by alkaline phosphatase assay Journal of Applied Phycology 15 289 295
55. HC Duthie R Socha 1976 A checklist of the freshwater algae of Ontario, exclusive of the Great Lakes Le Naturaliste Canadien 103 89 109
56. Eichman, J. K., C. Holderman & G. T. Lester, 2006. Didymosphenia geminata and the periphyton community of the Kootenai River, Montana and Idaho. In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 11.
57. NTW Ellwood BA Whitton 2007 Importance of organic phosphate hydrolyzed in stalks of the lotic diatom Didymosphenia geminata and the possible impact of climate change Hydrobiologia 592 121 133
58. NTW Ellwood SM Haile BA Whitton 2008 Aquatic plant nutrients, moss phosphatase activities and tissue composition in four upland streams in northern England Journal of Hydrology 350 246 260
59. Ennis, G. L., 1974. Unpublished data, quoted by Stein & Borden (1979).
60. Ennis, G. L., 1975. Unpublished data, quoted by Stein & Borden (1979).
61. Erickson, J. W, J. S. Shearer, 2006. Appearance of Didymosphenia geminata in the Black Hills of South Dakota. In Western South Dakota Hydrology Conference, April 18, 2006, Rapid City, South Dakota: 37 pp, p. 10 ( sd.water.usgs.gov/WSDconf/2006conference ).
62. E Falasco F Bona G Badino L Hoffmann L Ector 2009 Diatom teratological forms and environmental alterations: a review Hydrobiologia 623 1 35
63. AM Feyzioǧlu K Seyhan 2007 Phytoplankton composition of south east Black Sea coast J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment 13 61 71
64. RJ Flower 2005 A review of diversification trends in diatom research with special reference to taxonomy and environmental applications using examples from Lake Baikal and elsewhere Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Sciences 56 107 128
65. Flower, R., G. Pomazkina, E. Rodionova & D. E. Williams, 2004. Local and meso-scale diversity patterns of benthic diatoms in Lake Baikal. In Poulin, M. (ed.), 17th International Diatom Symposium 2002, Ottawa, Canada. Biopress, Bristol: 69-92.
66. Foged, N., 1981. Diatoms in Alaska. Bibliotheca Phycologica, Vol. 53. J. Cramer, Germany: 317 pp.
67. N Foged 1993 Some diatoms from Siberia especially from Lake Baikal Diatom Research 8 231 279
68. Fraser, S. P. C., 1966. The seasonal growth and distribution of algae in the Grand River. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Waterloo, Canada, 137 pp.
69. C Freeman MA Lock 1995 The biofilm polysaccharide matrix: a buffer against changing organic substrate supply Limnology & Oceanography 40 273 278
70. Gágyorová, K, P. Marvan, 2002a. Abstract. Czech Phycology (Bulletin of the Czech Phycological Society) 2: 2.
71. Gágyorová, K, P. Marvan, 2002b. Didymosphenia geminata a Gomphonema ventricosum (Bacillariophyceae) v Moraskovleských. Didymosphenia geminata and Gomphonema ventricosum (Bacillariophyceae) in Moraskovleské Beskyda Mts. Czech Phycology; Oluymouc 2: 61-68 (in Czech, with English Abstract).
72. L Geitler 1932 Der Formwechsel der pennaten Diatomeen (Kieselalgen) Archiv für Protistenkunde 78 1 226
73. Giaj-Levra, P, O. Abate, 1994. Le diatomée d'acqua dolce in Italia. ENEA Serie Studi Ambientali, Rome: 290pp.
74. MT Gibson BA Whitton 1987 Hairs, phosphatase activity and environmental chemistry in Stigeoclonium, Chaetophora and Draparnaldia (Chaetophorales) British Phycological Journal 22 11 22
75. MT Gibson BA Whitton 1987 Influence of phosphorus on morphology and physiology of freshwater Chaetophora, Draparnaldia and Stigeoclonium (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyta) Phycologia 26 59 69
76. Gilbert, O., H. Goldie, D. Hodgson, M. Marker, A. Pentecost, M. Proctor & D. Richardson, 2005. The ecology of Cowside Back, a tributary of the River Skirfare in the Malham area of Yorkshire. Field Studies Council, Malham Tarn Field Centre, Settle, North Yorkshire BD24 9PU, UK: 45 pp. http://fsc. malham@ukonline.co.uk.
77. M Godward 1937 An ecological and taxonomic investigation of the littoral flora of Lake Windermere Journal of Ecology 25 496 568
78. Gregory, W., 1857. On a post Tertiary lacustrine sand, containing diatomaceous exuviæ, from Glenshira, near Inverary. Transactions of the Edinburgh Botanical Society: 30-43 (Same article also included in 1857. Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London 5: 67-88).
79. Greiner, R., 2007. Phytate-degrading enzymes: regulation of synthesis in microorganisms and plants. In Turner, B. L., A. E. Richardson & E. J. Mullaney (eds), Inositol Phosphates. Linking Agriculture and the Environment. CAB International, Wallingford, UK: 288 pp, pp. 78-96.
80. Gretz, M., 2008. The stalks of didymo. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 21.
81. Gretz, M. R., M. L. Riccio, T. R. Hungwe, H. M. Burger, S. N. Kiemle, M. D. Apoya & S. A. Spaulding, 2006. Extracellular polymers of the stalked diatom Didymosphenia geminata. In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 13.
82. Hassall, A. H., 1845. A History of the British Freshwater Algae, Vol. I. Taylor, Walton & Maberley, London: 462 pp.
83. A Hedenstrom J Risberg 1999 Early Holocene shore-displacement in southern central Sweden as recorded in elevated isolated basins Boreas 28 490 504
84. Héribaud, J., 1893. Les Diatomées d'Auvergne. Librairie de Sciences Naturelles Paul Klincksieck, Paris, France: 255 pp.
85. Hermann, A. K., K. A. Lane, D. P. Pite, S. A. Spaulding & B. P. Finney, 2008. Abstract, 20th International Diatom Symposium, 7-13 September 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia: 143 pp.
86. Heuff, H, K. Horkan, 1984. Caragh. In Whitton, B. A. (ed.), Ecology of European Rivers. Blackwell, Oxford: 644 pp, pp. 363-384.
87. Hirano, M, 1966. Freshwater algae of Karakoram and Swat-Himalaya. Results of the Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakoram and Hindu Kush, 1955, Vol. VIII. Additional Reports, Kyoto University: 55-66.
88. KD Hoagland SC Roemer JR Rosowski 1982 Colonization and community structure of two periphyton assemblages, with emphasis on the diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) American Journal of Botany 69 188 213
89. 12 concentration in the multicellular alga Cladophora glomerata (Chlorophyta) Limnology & Oceanography 35 100 108
90. NTH Holmes BA Whitton 1981 Phytobenthos of the River Tees and its tributaries Freshwater Biology 11 139 165
91. F Hustedt 1938 Diatomeen aus den Pyrenäen Berichte Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft 56 543 572 (in German)
92. ME Ireland JA Kerby EM Quardokus JP Reilly YV Brun 2002 Proteomic analysis of the Caulobacter crescentus stalk indicates competence for nutrient uptake Molecular Microbiology 45 1029 1041
93. Jellyman, P. G., S. J. Clearwater, B. J. F. Biggs, N. Blair, D. C. Bremner, J. S. Clayton, A. Davey, M. R. Gretz, C. Hickey & C. Kilroy, 2006. Didymosphenia geminata experimental control trials (product screening and testing) and stalk degradation studies. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand, Client Report CHC2006-128, NIWA Project MAF6504.
94. C Johansson 1982 Attached algal vegetation in running waters of Jämtland, Sweden Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 71 1 84
95. GS Jónsson IR Jónsson M Björnsson SM Einarsson 2000 Using regionalization in mapping the distribution of the diatom species Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M. Schmidt in Icelandic rivers Verhandlung Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie 27 340 343
96. Jónsson, I. R., G. S. Jónsson & S. M. Einarsson, 2006. Distribution of Didymosphenia geminata in Iceland. In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire, & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 14.
97. Jónsson, I. R., G. S. Jónsson, J. S. Olafsson, S. M. Einarsson & Th. Antonsson, 2008. Occurrence and colonization pattern of Didymosphenia geminata in Icelandic streams. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 41-44.
98. H Kara B Sahin 2001 Epipelic and epilithic algae of Deǧirmendere River (Trabzon, Turkey) Turkish Journal of Botany 25 177 186
99. B Kawecka 1965 Communities of benthic algae in the River Białka and its Tatra tributaries the Rybi Potok and Roztoka Komitet Zagosp. Ziem. Górskich PAN 13 113 129
100. Kawecka, B., 1966. Glony osiadłe na Potamogeton sp. w Morskim Oku (Aufwuchsalgen auf Potamogeton sp. in See Morskie Oko. Acta Hydrobiologica 8: 321-328 (Polish, with German summary).
101. Kawecka, B., in press a. Diatom diversity in streams of the Tatra National Park (Poland) as indicators of environmental conditions. In Witkowski, A. (ed.), Diatom Monographs. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G.
102. Kawecka, B., in press b. Diatom diversity of the lower part of the Sljudjanka river draining the Chamar-Daban Mountains (Southern part of the Lake Baikal catchment, Siberia, Russia)-preliminary results. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies.
103. B Kawecka P Eloranta 1987 Communities of sessile algae in some small streams of central Finland. Comparison of the algae of the high mountains of Europe and those of its northern regions Acta Hydrobiologica 29 403 415
104. Kawecka, B, M. Olech, 2004. Diatom diversity of streams in Finnish Lapland and maritime Antarctica. In Poulin, M. (ed.), 17th International Diatom Symposium 2002, Ottawa, Canada. Biopress Ltd., Bristol, UK: 161-186.
105. B Kawecka J Sanecki 2003 Didymosphenia geminata in running waters of southern Poland-symptoms of change in water quality? Hydrobiologia 495 193 201
106. Kawecka, B, B. Szczȩsny, 1984. Dunajec. In Whitton, B. A. (ed.), Ecology of European Rivers. Blackwell, Oxford: 644 pp, pp. 499-525.
107. Kelly-Quinn, M., C. Bradley, I. Dodkins, T. J. Harrington, B. Ni Chathain, M. O'Connor, B. Rippey & D. Trigg, 2006. Water Framework Directive-Characterization of Reference Conditions and Testing of Typology of Rivers (2002-W-LS-7) Final Report. Environmental Protection Agency, PO Box 3000, Co. Wexford, Ireland: 56 pp.
108. U Kienel T Kumke 2002 Combining ordination techniques and geostatistics to determine the patterns of diatom distributions at Lake Lama, Central Siberia Journal of Paleolimnology 28 181 184
109. Kilroy, C., 2004. A new alien diatom, Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) Schmidt: its biology, distribution, effects and potential risks for New Zealand fresh waters. NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand: 34 pp.
110. Kilroy, C., 2008. Didymosphenia geminata in New Zealand: distribution, dispersal and ecology of a non-indigenous invasive species. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 15-20.
111. Kilroy, C., B. J. Biggs & C. C. Vieglais, 2007a. Didymosphenia geminata in New Zealand: a science response to help manage an unwanted, invasive freshwater diatom. Abstract, American Society for Limnology & Oceanography, February 4-9, 2007.
112. Kilroy, C, A. Lagerstedt, A. Davey & K. Robinson, 2007b, Studies on the survivability of the invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata under a range of environmental and chemical conditions. NIWA Client Report CHC2006-116: 110 pp.
113. C Kilroy T Snelder O Floerl CC Vieglais K Dey 2008 A rapid technique for assessing the suitability of areas for invasive species applied to New Zealand's rivers Diversity and Distributions 14 262 272
114. AE Kirkwood T Shea LJ Jackson E McCauley 2007 Didymosphenia geminata in two Alberta headwater rivers: an emerging invasive species that challenges conventional views on algal bloom development Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64 1703 1709
115. Kirkwood, A. E., L. J. Jackson & E. McCauley, 2008. Didymosphenia geminata distribution and bloom formation along the south-eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 22-24.
116. CA Klausmeier E Litchman T Daufresne SA Levin 2004 Optimal nitrogen-to-phosphorus stoichiometry of phytoplankton Nature 429 171 174
117. JP Kociolek B De Reviers 1996 The diatom types of Emile Manguin. II. Validating descriptions and designation of types for the New Caledonia species Cryptogamie Algologies 17 193 215
118. Kociolek, J. P, S. A. Spaulding, 2003. Symmetrical naviculoid diatoms. In Wehr, J. D, R. D. Sheath (eds), Freshwater Algae of North America. Ecology and Classification. Academic Press, Amsterdam etc.: 918 pp, pp. 637-668.
119. JP Kociolek EF Stoermer 1988 A preliminary investigation of the phylogenetic relations among the freshwater, apical pore field-bearing cymbelloid and gomphonemoid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) Journal of Phycology 24 277 385
120. JP Kociolek R Flower G Reid 2000 Valve ultrastructure of Didymosphenia dentata (Bacillariophyta): an endemic diatom species from Lake Baikal Nova Hedwigia 71 113 120
121. JI Koksvik H Reinertsen 2008 Changes in macroalgae and bottom fauna in the winter period in the regulated Alta river in northern Norway River Research and Applications 24 720 731
122. S Kolayli B Şahin 2007 A taxonomic study on the phytoplankton in the littoral zone of Karagöl Lake (Borçka-Artvin/Turkey) Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 7 171 175
123. S Kolayli A Baysal B Şahin 1998 A study of the epipelic and epilithic algae of Şana River (Trabzon, Turkey) Turkish Journal of Botany 22 163 170
124. VI Kolmakov OV Anishchenko EA Ivanova MI Gladyshev NN Sushchik 2008 Estimation of periphytic microalgae grow primary production with DCMU-fluorescence method in Yenisei River (Siberia, Russia) Journal of Applied Phycology 20 289 297
125. S Komulaynen 2008 The structure and distribution of phytoperiphyton in the Teno River and its tributaries (Finnish Lapland) Boreal Environment Research 13 517 524
126. Kozhova, O. M, L. R. Izmestéva, 1998. Lake Baikal. Evolution and Biodiversity. Backhuys, The Netherlands: 447 pp.
127. Krammer, K, H. Lange-Bertalot, 1999. Bacillariophyceae. Naviculaceae. In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig & D. Mollenhauer (eds), Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/1. Akademischer Verlag, G. Fischer, Heidelberg, Berlin: 876 pp.
128. LS Kravtsova RM Kamaltynov EB Karabanov IV Mekhanikova T Ya NA Sitnikova ZV Rozhkova LA Slugina IV Izhboldina TV Weinberg D Akinshina Yu Sherbakov 2004 Macrozoobenthic communities of underwater landscapes in the shallow-water zone of southern Lake Baikal Hydrobiologia 522 193 205
129. LS Kravtsova IV Weinberg IV Khanaev D Yu Sherbakov SV Semovsky FV Adov NA Rozhkova GV Pomazkina NG Shevelyova IA Kaygorodova 2006 The formation of a fouling community on artificial substrate in Lake Baikal Hydrobiologia 568 51 55
130. Kumar, S., S. A. Spaulding, T. J. Stohlgren, K. A. Hermann, T. S. Schmidt & L. L. Bahls, 2009. Potential habitat distribution for the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia geminata in the continental US. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment: 7.
131. Lagerstedt, M. A., 2007. Didymosphenia geminata; an example of a biosecurity leak in New Zealand. Thesis in partial fulfilment of requirements for M.Sc. in Environmental Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand: 94 pp.
132. MA Lamb RL Lowe 1987 Effects of current velocity on the physical structuring of diatom (Bacillariophyceae) communities Ohio Journal of Science 87 3 72 78
133. Lange-Bertalot, H, S. I. Genkal, 1999. Diatoms from Siberia I, Inseln im Arktischen Ozean (Yugorsky-Shar Strait). In Lange-Bertalot, H. (ed.), Iconographia Diatomologica, Vol. 6. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Liechtenstein: 5-269.
134. H Lange-Bertalot A Steindorf 1996 Rote List der limnischen Kieselalgen (Bacillariophyceae) Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde 28 633 677
135. Larned, S., B. Biggs, N. Blair, C. Burns, B. Jarvie, D. Jellyman, C. Kilroy, J. Leathwick, K. Lister, J. Nagels, M. Schallenberg, S. Sutherland. J. Sykes, W. Thompson, K. Vopel & B. Wilcock, 2006. Ecology of Didymosphenia geminata in New Zealand. Habitat and ecosystem effects-Phase 2. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Client Report CHC2006-086, NIWA Project MAF06507.
136. Larned, S., D. Arscott, N. Blair, B. Jarvie, D. Jellyman, K. Lister, M. Schallenberg, S. Sutherland, K. Vopel & B. Wilcock, 2007. Ecological studies of Didymosphenia geminata in New Zealand, 2006-2007. NIWA Client Report CHC2007-070; NIWA Project MAF07507: 120 pp.
137. Larson, A. M., 2007. Relationships between nuisance blooms of Didymosphenia geminata and measures of aquatic community composition in Rapid Creek, South Dakota. Water Resources Assistance Program, Division of Financial and Technical Assistance, South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources: vii + 28 pp.
138. Larson, A. M, J. Carreiro, 2008. Relationship between nuisance blooms of Didymosphenia geminata and measures of aquatic community composition in Rapid Creek, South Dakota. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 45-49.
139. Lee, P., M. M. Ring, C. Brown, B. W. Taylor & T. A. Weilnitz, 2008. How scour disturbance affects Didymosphenia geminata abundance and the associated epiphyte community. Poster 35-13. 93rd ESA Annaul Meeting, August 3-August 8, 2008, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
140. Y Li P Xie Z Gong Z Shi 2003 Cymbellaceae and Gomphonemataceae (Bacillariophyta) from the Hengduan Mountains region (southwestern China) Nova Hedwigia 76 3-4 507 536
141. Y Li P Xie Z Gong Z Shi 2004 A survey of the Gomphonemaceae and Cymbellaceae (Bacillariophyta) from the Jolmolungma Mountain (Everest) Region of China Journal of Freshwater Ecology 19 189 192
142. Lindstrøm, E.-A, O. Skulberg, 2007. Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt, an indigenous constituent of the algal flora in Norwegian watercourses (Abstract ID 524). American Society for Limnology & Oceanography, Santa Fe, February 4-9, 2007.
143. Lindstrøm, E.-A, O. Skulberg, 2008. Didymosphenia geminata-a native diatom species of Norwegian rivers coexisting with the Atlantic salmon. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 35-40.
144. D Livingstone BA Whitton 1984 Water chemistry and phosphatase activity of the blue-green alga Rivularia in Upper Teesdale streams Journal of Ecology 72 405 421
145. Lord, J. K., 1866. The Naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia, Vols. I, 2. Richard Bentley, London: 733 pp.
146. Lowe, C. W., 1924. The freshwater algae of central Canada. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Section V: 19-48.
147. O Løvstad 2008 A phosphorus-based biological classification system and threshold indicators Verhandlung Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie 30 565 568
148. Lyngbye, H. C., 1819. Tentamen Hydrophytologiae Danicae Continens Omnia Hydrophyta, Cryptogamia Daniae. Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandia, Lucusque, Cognita, Systematicae, Disposita, Descripta et Icaribus Illustrata. Adjedis Simul Speciebus Norwegicus, Hafniae, Leipzig.
149. MacClement, W. T., 1915. A preliminary report of the plants of the Georgian Bay. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1911-1914, Fasc.II: 201-211.
150. E Manguin 1960 Contribution à la flore diatomique de l'Alaska Lac Karluk, espèces critiques ou nouvelles Revue Algologie 5 266 288
151. E Manguin 1962 Contribution à la connaissance de la flore diatomique de la Nouvelle-Caledonie Mémoirs Muséum National Histoire Naturelle Nouveau Série B Botanique 12 1 1 40
152. R Margalef 1953 Materiales para la hidrobiología de la Isla de Mallorca Publicado del Instituto Biologia Aplicata Barcelona 11 5 111
153. Mather, W. M., 1928. Freshwater algae of the Hutt Valley. MSc. Thesis, Victoria University, Wellington.
154. Maurer, K., 2008. Investigation of phosphorus uptake capability in, the diatom Didymosphenia geminata. Proceedings 2008 American Society for Engineering Education Conference: 6 pp.
155. McKelvie, I. D., 2007. Inositol phosphates in aquatic systems. In Turner, B. L., A. E. Richardson & E. J. Mullaney (eds), Inositol Phosphates. Linking Agriculture and the Environment. CAB International, Wallingford, UK: 288 pp, pp. 261-277.
156. McNyset, K. M, M. L. Julius, 2006. Potential geographic distribution of Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt in North America based on ecological niche models. In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 18.
157. LA Medvedeva 2001 Biodiversity of aquatic algal communities in the Sikhote-Alin biosphere reserve (Russia) Cryptogamie Algologie 22 65 100
158. D Metzeltin H Lange-Bertalot 1995 Kritische Wertung der Taxa in Didymosphenia (Bacillariophyceae) Nova Hedwigia 60 381 405
159. Metzeltin, D, A. Witkowski, 1996. Diatomeen der Bären- Insel. In Lange-Bertalot, H. (ed.), Iconographia Diatomologica, Vol. 4. Koeltz Scientific Books, Germany: 3-287.
160. K Meyer 1929 Uber die Auxensporenbildung bei Gomphonema geminatum Archiv für Protistenkunde 66 421 435
161. Mississippi Interstate Cooperative Resource Association 2008 New didymo control to be tested River Crossings 15 5 2
162. MC Moffat 1994 An ultrastructural study of Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 113 59 71
163. JW Moore 1979 Seasonal changes in the standing crop of an epilithic algal population on the north shore of Great Slave Lake Canadian Journal of Botany 57 17 22
164. LF Moore DA McLarty 1975 The influence of soil water extract and thiamine on the growth of Cladophora glomerata Canadian Journal of Botany 53 530 535
165. Moore, J. W., M. J. Hardin & G. A. Sergy., 1978. The effects of metal mines on aquatic ecosystems in the Northwest Territories. I. Canadian Tungsten Mining Corporation. Canadian Environmental Protection Service Surveillance Report EPS-NW-78-8.
166. T Mrozińska J Czerwik-Marcinkowska M Gradziński 2006 A new species of Didymosphenia (Bacillariophyceae) from the Western Carpathian Mountains of Poland and Slovakia Nova Hedwigia 83 499 510
167. Mrozińska, T., J. Czerwik-Marcinkowska & M. Gradziński, 2006b. Didymosphenia tatrensis Mroz., Czerw. et Gradz., a new species of the genus Didymosphenia found with D. geminata (Lyngb.) M. Sch. in the calcareous part of the Tara Mts (Western Carpathians, Poland and Slovakia). In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA, 29 pp, p. 12.
168. T Mrozińska-Broda J Czerwik-Marcinkowska 2004 Eucaryotic algae and cyanobacteria in the River Dunajec upstream and downstream from the new dam reservoirs in Czorsztyn and Sromowce and their use for monitoring Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 33 3 83 97
169. Müller, O. F., 1786. Animalicula Infusoria, Fluviatia et Marina. Hafniae, Leipzig: 531 pp.
170. JH Mundie DG Crabtree 1997 Effects on sediments and biota and cleaning a salmonid spawning channel Fisheries Management and Ecology 4 111 126
171. Nelson, R. R., T. O. Odlaug, B. O. Krogstad, O. R. Ruschmeyer & T. A. Olson, 1973. The effects of enrichment on Lake Superior periphyton. Water Resources Research Center Bulletin 59, Minneapolis, USA: 182 pp.
172. New Zealand Parliamentary Library, 2006. Didymosphenia geminata (Didymo) in New Zealand. Parliamentary Library Research Papers, 15 December 2006, 4 pp.
173. TV Nikulina VV Bogatov MV Astakhov 2008 Colonization of artificial substrates of periphyton algae in Kedrovaya River (Primorye Territory) Vladimir Ya. Levanidov's Biennial Memorial Meetings 4 46 55 (in Russian)
174. T Noga 2003 Dispersion of Didymosphenia geminata in the flowing waters of southern Poland-new sites of species occurrence in the Orawska watershed and the Orawska basin Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 32 4 159 170
175. Northcote, T. G., Ennis, G. L, M. H. Anderson, 1975. Periphytic and planktonic algae of the lower Fraser River in relation to water quality conditions. Westwater Technical Reports 8: 1-59 (Westwater Research Center, University of Brritish Columbia, Vancouver).
176. Novikmec, M., M. Svitok, E. Bulánková, Z. Čiamporová-Zaťovičová, T. Derka, J. Halgoš, L. Hamerlík, D. Illéšová, M. Illyová, I. Krno, J. Lukáš, D. Némethová, Z. Pastuchová, S. Stašiov, F, Šporka, E. Š tefková, E. Tirjaková, J. Tomajka & P. Bitušík, 2007. Limnology of Streams in the Poloniny National Park (the East Carpathians, Slovakia). Technical University in Zvolen, Slovakia: 69 pp.
177. H Okuno 1944 Studies on Japanese diatomite deposits. II Botanical Magazine of Tokyo 58 8 14
178. Pentecost, A., 2005. Travertine. Springer, The Netherlands: 446.
179. DM Pepin FR Hauer 2002 Benthic responses to groundwater-surface water exchange in 2 alluvial rivers in northwestern Montana Journal of the North American Benthological Society 21 370 383
180. GV Pomazkina Ye V Rodionova OM Mushnikova 2008 Microphytobenthos in southern Baikal (Russia) Algologia 18 2 160 172
181. Prescott, G. W, G. E. Dillard, 1979. A Checklist of Algal Species Reported from Montana 1891-1977. Monograph No. 1, Montana Academy of Sciences, Supplement to the Proceedings, Vol. 38: 102 pp.
182. Quiquampoix, H, D. Mousain, 2005. Enzymatic hydrolysis of organic phosphorus. In Turner, B. L., E. Frossard & D. S. Baldwin (eds), Organic Phosphorus in the Environment. CAB International, Wallingford, UK: 89-112.
183. PR Ramírez 2006 Estado de conocimiento de las diatoméas dulceacuícolas de Chile. The state of knowledge of freshwater diatoms of Chile Gayana Botanica 70 1 7
184. NG Razjigaeva AM Korotky TA Grebennikova LA Ganzey LM Mokhova VB Bazarova LD Sulerzhitsky KA Lutaenko 2002 Holocene climatic changes and environmental history of Iturup Island, Kurile Islands, northwestern Pacific The Holocene 12 469 480
185. Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum & F. A. Richards, 1963. The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water. In Hill, M. H. (ed.), The Sea, Vol. 2. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ: 26-77.
186. Rivera, P., 1983. A guide for references and distribution for the class Bacillariophyceae in Chile between 18° 28′S and 58°S. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 1-386.
187. Robinson, C. T, B. Kawecka B., 2005. Benthic diatoms of an Alpine stream/lake network in Switzerland. Aquatic Sciences 67: 492-506 (With erratum in 2007, Aquatic Sciences 69: 584-589).
188. Rost, A. L., C. H. Fritsen, J. Memmott, C. Davis & E. Withlin, 2008. Environmental controls and potential food web impacts of Didymosphenia geminata, a comparative ecosystem study. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 25.
189. Round, F. E., 1993. A Review and Methods for the Use of Epilithic Diatoms for Detecting and Monitoring Changes in River Water Quality 1993. Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials. HMSO, London: 65 pp.
190. Round, F. E., 1984. The Ecology of Algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: vii + 653 pp.
191. Round, F. E., R. M. Crawford & D. G. Mann, 1990. The Diatoms. Biology & Morphology of the Genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 747 pp.
192. B Şahin 2000 Algal flora of Lakes Aygir and Balikli (Trabzon, Turkey) Turkish Journal of Botany 24 35 45
193. B Şahin 2001 Epipelic and epilithic algae of Daǧbasi Lake (Rize-TURKEY) Turkish Journal of Botany 25 187 194
194. B Şahin 2003 Epipelic and epilithic algae of lower parts of Yanbolu River (Trabzon, Turkey) Turkish Journal of Botany 27 107 115
195. JM Schmidt RY Stanier 1966 The development of cellular stalks in bacteria Journal of Cell Biology 28 5011 5026
196. Schmidt-Nielsen, S, H. Printz, 1915. Drammenselvens forurensning ved træmasse, cellulose- og papirfabrikkenen 1911 og 1912. Biologiske og kjemiske undersøgelser, A. W. Brøggers boktrykkeri Kristiania: 142 pp (cited by Lindstrøm & Skulberg, 2008).
197. Shearer, J, J. Erickson, 2006. Didymosphenia geminata and the Rapid Creek brown trout fishery, South Dakota. In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 22.
198. RG Sheath AD Steinman 1982 A checklist of freshwater algae of the Northwest Territories, Canada Canadian Journal of Botany 60 1964 1997
199. Sherbot, D. J. M, M. L. Bothwell, 1993. Didymosphenia geminata (Gomphonemaceae). A review of the ecology of D. geminata and the physicochemical characteristics of endemic catchments on Vancouver Island. National Hydrology Research Institute, Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Sask. NHRI Contribution 93005: 66 pp.
200. Siemińska, J., 1964. Chrysophyta 2. Bacillariophyceae-Okrzemki. In Starmach, K. (ed.), Flora Słodkowodna Polski, Vol. 6. PWN, Warszawa: 609 pp.
201. Simard, I, M. Simoneau, 2008. Didymo dans les rivières du Québec: état de situation. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 3-5 (French, with English abstract).
202. Sims, P. 2007. The diatoms (Bacillariophyta). In Guiry, M. D., D. M. John, F. Rindi & T. K. McCarthy (eds), New Survey of Clare Island, Vol. 6: The Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin: 254 pp, pp. 115-139.
203. Skabichevsky, A. P., 1983. A new species of Didymosphenia lineata (Bacillariophyta) and its variability. Botanicheskii Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 68: 1254-1260 (in Russian).
204. Skulberg, O, A. Lillehammer, 1984. Glåma. In Whitton, B. A. (ed.), Ecology of European Rivers. Blackwell, Oxford: 644 pp, pp. 469-498.
205. Skvortzow, B. V., 1935. Diatomes récoltées par le Père Licent au cours de ses voyages dans le nord de la Chine au bas Tibet, en Mongolie et en Mandjourie. Publications du Musée Hoangho Paiho de Tien Tsin. Tientsin 36: 1-43.
206. BV Skvortzow EI Meyer 1928 A contribution to the diatoms of Baikal Lake Proceedings of the Sungaree River Biological Station 1 1 55
207. Smith, W., 1853. A Synopsis of the British Diatomaceae, Vol. I. Smith & Beck, London and Leipzig.
208. Smythe, L. A., 1973. Primary productivity in the Speed River. M.Sc Thesis, University of Waterloo, Canada, 142 pp.
209. Spaulding, S, L. Elwell, 2007. Increase in nuisance blooms and geographic expansion of the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia geminata. Recommendations for response. United States Geological Survey White Paper web publication, January 2007: 33 pp.
210. Spaulding, S. A., K. A. Hermann & T. Johnson, 2008. Confirmed distribution of Didymosophenia geminata (Lyngbe) Schmidt in North America. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 26-29.
211. Spaulding, S. A., M. R. Gretz, D. Beeson, & K. Hermann, 2005. Expansion in ecological and geographical range of Didymosphenia geminata. 18th American Diatomist Symposium, Mobile, Alabama, Abstract book. 69 pp.
212. JR Stein 1975 Freshwater algae of British Columbia Syesis 8 119 184
213. JR Stein CA Borden 1979 Checklist of Freshwater Algae of British Columbia. Canadian Contribution to the UNESCO Program on Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Syesis 12 3 39
214. Stoermer, E. F., 1980. Characteristics of benthic algal communities in the upper Great Lakes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of research and Development. Ecological Research Series EPA 600/3-80-073. Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN: 72 pp.
215. EF Stoermer Q Yu-Zao TB Ladewski 1986 A quantitative investigation of shape variation in Didymosphenia (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt (Bacillariophyta) Phycologia 25 494 502
216. G Subakov-Simić M Cvijan 2004 Didymosphenia geminata from the Tisza River (Serbia)-its distribution and specific morphological and ecological characteristics Algological Studies 114 53 66
217. Subakov-Simić, G., M. Cvijan & S. Čado, 2006. The range spreading of Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) M. Schmidt in the waters of Serbia (Serbia and Montenegro, Europe). In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 24.
218. Swift, I. G., 1980. Vitamins and phytoplankton growth. In Morris, I. (ed.), The Physiological Ecology of Phytoplankton. Blackwell, Oxford: 329-368.
219. Szabó, E. K., 2004. Comparative analysis of the benthic diatoms of some Hungarian waters. Ph.D. Thesis, Szent István University, Hungary.
220. EK Szabó KT Kiss G Taba É Ács 2005 Epiphytic diatoms of the Tisza River, Kisköre Reservoir and some oxbows of the Tisza River after the cyanide and heavy metal pollution in 2000 Acta Botanica Croatia 64 1 46
221. Tarasova, E. N, A. I. Mescheryakova, 1992. Modern state of the hydrochemical regime of Lake Baikal (Series editor: Galaxy, G. I.). Novosibirsk, Nauta: 141 pp (in Russian).
222. A Tiji S Nergui 2008 Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngb.) Mart. Schmidt. Diatom 24 80 85
223. A Tuji 2004 The diatom type materials of Haruo Okuno 1. Five diatom species described by Okuno (1943, 1944) from the Yatuka deposit Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series B 30 3 79 88
224. BL Turner R Baxter NTW Ellwood BA Whitton 2001 Characterization of the phosphatase activities of mosses in relation to their environment Plant Cell and Environment 24 1165 1176
225. BL Turner R Baxter NTW Ellwood BA Whitton 2003 Seasonal phosphatase activities of mosses from Upper Teesdale, northern England Journal of Bryology 25 203 214
226. B Van de Vijver M Kelly S Blanco A Jarlman L Ector 2008 The unmasking of a subantarctic endemic: Psammothidium abundans (Manguin) Bukhtiyarova et Round in European rivers Diatom Research 23 233 242
227. Vieglais, C. M., 2008. Management approaches to didymo: The New Zealand experience. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 54-55.
228. Vietti, K., A. Greene, D. McKnight & M. Miller, 2007. Effect of summer storms on Didymosphenia growth and streambed coverage in sub-Alpine streams in Colorado. Abstract, American Society for Limnology & Oceanography, February 4-9, 2007.
229. Votintsev, K. K., 1961. Hydrochemistry of Lake Baikal. Academy of Science, Publishing House of SSSR, Moscow: 311 pp (in Russian).
230. Votintsev, K. K., I. V. Glazunov & A. P. Tolmacheva, 1965. Hydrochemistry of Rivers of Lake Baikal Drainage. Nauka, Moscow: 495 pp (in Russian).
231. Y Wang Y Chen C Lavin MR Gretz 2000 Extracellular matrix assembly in diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). IV. Ultrastructure of Achnanthes longipes and Cymbella cistula as revealed by high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution and cryo-field emission scanning electron microscopy Journal of Phycology 36 367 378
232. H Watts 1886 Pond life about Oakleigh Victoria Naturalist 3 80
233. Weilhofer, C. L., S. Spaulding & Y. Pan, 2006 Habitat characterization of Didymosphenia geminata in the western US. In Spaulding, S., R. Wiltshire & L. Elwell (conference organizers), Current Knowledge of Didymosphenia geminata: Developing a Research and Management Response. Federation of Fly Fishers and EPA Region 8, held in association with Western Division American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting, May 15-16, 2006, Montana State University, Montana, USA: 29 pp, p. 26.
234. RG Wetzel 1992 Gradient-dominated ecosystems: Sources and regulatory functions of dissolved organic matter in freshwater ecosystems Hydrobiologia 229 181 198
235. LA Whitford 1960 The current effect and growth of fresh-water algae Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 79 302 309
236. Whitton, B. A., 1988. Hairs in eukaryotic algae. In Round, F. E. (ed.), Algae and the Aquatic Environment. Contributions in Honour of J. W. G. Lund. Biopress, Bristol: 460 pp, pp. 446-460.
237. Whitton, B. A., 2002. Phylum Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria). In John, D. M., B. A. Whitton & A. J. Brook (eds), The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 702 pp, pp. 25-122.
238. Whitton, B. A, D. T. Crisp, 1984. Tees. In Whitton, B. A. (ed.), Ecology of European Rivers. Blackwell, Oxford: 644 pp, pp. 145-178.
239. Whitton, B. A, N. T. W. Ellwood, 2008. Growth and nutrient ecology of Didymosphenia in British Isles and other European countries. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: 10-14.
240. BA Whitton SLJ Grainger GRW Hawley JW Simon 1991 Cell-bound and extracellular phosphatase activities of cyanobacterial isolates Microbial Ecology 21 85 98
241. BA Whitton PNG Boulton E Clegg JJ Gemmell GG Graham R Gustar TP Moorhouse 1998 Long-term changes in macrophytes of British rivers, Vol. 1. River Wear Science of the Total Environment 210/211 411 426
242. BA Whitton JM Yelloly M Christmas I Hernández 1998 Surface phosphatase activity of benthic algal communities in a stream with highly variable ambient phosphate concentrations Verhandlungen Internationale Vereinigung Limnologie 26 967 972
243. Whitton, B. A., A. M. Al-Shehri, N. T. W. Ellwood & B. L. Turner, 2005. Ecological aspects of phosphatase activity in cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae and bryophytes. In Turner, B. L., E. Frossard & D. S. Baldwin (eds), Organic Phosphorus in the Environment. CAB International, Wallingford, UK: 205-241.
244. Whoriskey, F., 2008. Of didymo, Atlantic salmon and the management of fear. In Bothwell, M. L, S. A. Spaulding (eds), Proceedings of the 2007 International Workshop on Didymosphenia geminata. Canadian Technical Report on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2795: xi-xii.
245. WIOŚ-Jaslo, 1996. Raport o stanie Środowiska w Województwie Podkarpackim (In Polish: The State of the Environment: Report on Subcarpathian Voivodeship).
246. WIOŚ-Kraków, 2000. Raport o stanie Środowiska w Województwie Krakowskim (In Polish: The State of the Environment: Report on Kraków Voivodeship).
247. KH Wyatt FR Hauer GF Pessoney 2008 Benthic algal response to hyporheic-surface water exchange in an alluvial river Hydrobiologia 607 151 161
248. Zingmark, R. G., 1969. The Diatoms of Flathead Lake, Montana and Vicinity. M.A. Thesis, Humbolt State University, Arcata, California: 65 pp.