Determining temperature ratings for children's cold weather clothing

Applied Ergonomics

Volumn 40, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 870-877

  McCullough, Elizabeth A ^a   Eckels, Steve ^a   Harms, Craig ^a  

^a 129 Seaton Hall   (United States)

Author keywords

Clothing insulation; Temperature ratings; Thermal modeling

Indexed keywords

INSULATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING;

ACTIVITY LEVELS; CLOTHING INSULATION; COLD-WEATHER CLOTHING; COMFORT TEMPERATURES; HEAT LOSS MODELS; METABOLIC RATES; PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; THERMAL MODEL;

THERMAL INSULATION;

ARTICLE; AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT; BODY TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; COLD EXPOSURE; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; THERMOREGULATION; ADAPTATION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; BODY TEMPERATURE; CHILD; COLD; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; STANDARDS; TEMPERATURE; THEORETICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; BODY TEMPERATURE; BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION; CHILD; COLD TEMPERATURE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MANIKINS; MODELS, THEORETICAL; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; TEMPERATURE; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 67349278104     PISSN: 00036870     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.12.004     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. American Society for Testing and Materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards - Part 11.03 (2005), ASTM, Conshohocken, PA
2. Araki T., Tsujita J., and Matsushita K. Thermoregulatory responses of prepubertal boys to heat and cold in relation to physical training. J. Hum. Ergol. (Tokyo) 9 (1980) 69-80
3. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers. ASHRAE Handbook 2005 Fundamentals (2005), ASHRAE, Atlanta
4. Astrand P.O. Experimental Studies of Physical Work Capacity in Relation to Sex and Age (1952), Munksgaard, Copenhagen
5. Bar-Or O. Pediatric Sports Medicine for the Practitioner (1983), Springer Verlag, New York pp. 259-299
6. Bar-Or O., Shepard R.J., and Allen C.L. Cardiac output of 10 to 13 year old boys and girls during submaximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 30 (1971) 219-223
7. Bar-Or O. Climate and the exercising child: a review. Int. J. Sports Med. 1 (1980) 53-65
8. Bar-Or O. Temperature regulation during exercise in children and adolescents. In: Gisolfi C.V., and Lamb D.R. (Eds). Perspectives in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine. Youth, Exercise and Sport vol. 2 (1989), Benchmark Press, Indianapolis 335-362
9. Brisson G.R., Audet A., and Ledoux M. Exercise induced blood prolactin variations in trained adults males: a thermic stress more than an osmotic stress. Hormone Res. 23 (1986) 200-206
10. Davies C.T.M. Thermal responses to exercise in children. Ergonomics 24 (1981) 55-61
11. Delmarche P., Bittel J., and Lacour J.R. Thermoregulation at rest and during exercise in prepubertal boys. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 60 (1990) 436-440
12. Drinkwater B.L., Kupprat J.C., and Denton J.E. Response of prepubertal girls and college women to work in the heat. J. Appl. Physiol. 43 (1977) 1046-1053
13. DuBois D., and DuBois E.F. A formula to estimate approximate surface area if height and weight are known. Arch. Int. Med. 17 (1916) 863-871
14. European Committee for Standardization. EN 13537, Requirements for Sleeping Bags (2002), CEN, Brussels
15. Falk B. Effects of thermal stress during rest and exercise in paediatric population. Sports Med. 4 (1998) 221-240
16. Falk B., Bar-Or O., and MacDougall J.D. The thermoregulatory response of pre, mid, and late pubertal boys to exercise in dry heat. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 24 (1992) 688-694
17. Fanger P.O. Thermal Comfort: Analysis and Application in Environmental Engineering (1970), McGraw-Hill, New York
18. Foster K.G., Hey E.N., and Katz G. The response of the sweat glands of the new-born baby to thermal stimuli and intradermal acetylcholine. J. Physiol. 203 (1969) 13-29
19. Haycock G.B., Schwartz G.J., and Wisotsky D.H. Geometric method for measuring body surface area: a height-weight formula validated in infants, children and adults. J. Pediatr. 93 (1978) 62-66
20. Holmer I. Required clothing insulation (IREQ) as an analytical index of cold stress. ASHRAE Trans. 90 (1984) 1116-1128
21. Inoue Y., Araki T., and Tsuja J. The thermoregulatory responses of prepubertal boys and young men in changing temperature linearly from 28 to 15 °C. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 72 (1996) 204-208
22. International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group, 1989. Energy expenditure and energy requirements of infants and children. In: Schürch, B., Scrimshaw, N.S. (Eds.), Proceedings from I/D/E/C/G Workshop held in Cambridge, USA, November 14-17, 1989.
23. Jokinen E., Valimaki I., and Antila K. Children in sauna: cardiovascular adjustments. Pediatrics 86 (1990) 282-288
24. Kawahata A. Sex differences in sweating. In: Yoshimura (Ed). Essential Problems in Climatic Physiology (1960), Nankodo, Kyoto
25. McCullough E.A., and Kim C.S. Insulation values for cold weather clothing under static and dynamic conditions. In: Shapiro Y., Moran D.S., and Epstein Y. (Eds). Environmental Ergonomics: Recent Progress and New Frontiers (1996), Freund Publishing House, Ltd., Tel Aviv 271-274
26. Meyer F., and Bar-Or O. Fluid and electrolyte loss during exercise: the pediatric angle. Sports Med. 18 (1994) 4-9
27. National Center for Health and Statistics. In collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2000).
28. Schofield W.N. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr. 39C Suppl. 1 (1985) 5-41
29. Shapiro Y., Pandolf K.B., and Arellini B.A. Physiological responses of men and women to humid and dry heat. J. Appl. Physiol. 49 (1980) 1-8
30. Sloan R.E., and Keatinge W.R. Cooling rates of young people swimming in cold water. J.Appl. Physiol. 35 (1973) 371
31. Smolander J., Bar-Or O., and Korhonen O. Thermoregulation during rest and exercise in the cold in pre and early pubescent boys and in young men. J. Appl. Physiol. 72 (1992) 1589-1594
32. Soldin S.J., and Hicks J.M. Pediatric Reference Ranges (1995), AACC Press, Washington, DC
33. Tsuzuki-Hayakawa K., Tochihara Y., and Ohnaka T. Thermoregulation during heat exposure of young children compared to their mothers. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol 72 (1995) 12-17
34. World Health Organization. Human Energy Requirements Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. FAO Food and Nutrition Technical Report Series 1 (2004), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland