Double seismic zone of the Nazca plate in northern Chile: High-resolution velocity structure, petrological implications, and thermomechanical modeling

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 9, Issue 7, 2008, Pages

  Dorbath, Catherine ^a   Gerbault, Muriel ^b,c   Carlier, Gabriel ^d   Guiraud, Michel ^d  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG EOST   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHILE   (Chile)

^c CNRS   (France)

^d UMR7160   (France)

Author keywords

Double seismic zone; Nazca plate; Subduction

Indexed keywords

EID: 67349255370     PISSN: 15252027     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008GC002020     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Abers, G. A. (1992), Relationship between shallow-and intermediate depth seismicity in the Eastern Aleutian subduction zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2019-2022, doi:10.1029/92GL02060.
2. Abers, G. A., P. van Keken, E. A. Kneller, A. Ferris, and J. Stachnik (2006), The thermal structure of subduction zones constrained by seismic imaging: Implications for slab dehydration and wedge flow, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 241, 387-397, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.055. (Pubitemid 43092534)
3. Beck, S. L., and G. Zandt (2002), The nature of orogenic crust in the central Andes, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B10), 2230, doi:10.1029/2000JB000124.
4. Benn, K., A. Nicolas, and I. Reuber (1988), Mantle-crust transition zone and origin of wehrlitic magmas: Evidence from the Oman Ophiolite, Tectonophysics, 151, 75-85, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(88)90241-7.
5. Billen, M. I., and M. Gurnis (2001), A low viscosity wedge in subduction zones, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 193, 227-236, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00482- 4. (Pubitemid 34002466)
6. Brasse, H. (2005), The mantle wedge in the Bolivian orocline in the view of deep electromagnetic soundings, paper presented at 6th International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics, Inst. de Rech. pour le Dev., Barcelona, Spain
7. Brasse, H., P. Lezaeta, V. Rath, K. Schwalenberg, W. Soyer, and V. Haak (2002), The Bolivian Altiplano conductivity anomaly, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B5), 2096, doi:10.1029/2001JB000391.
8. Brudzinski, M. R., C. H. Thurber, B. R. Hacker, and R. E. Engdahl (2007), Global prevalence of double Benioff zones, Science, 316, 1472-1474.
9. Burov, E. B., and M. Diament (1995), The effective elastic thickness of continental lithosphere: What does it really mean?, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 3905-3927, doi:10.1029/94JB02770.
10. Burov, E. B., and A. Poliakov (2001), Erosion and rheology controls on synrift and postrift evolution: Verifying old and new ideas using a fully coupled numerical model, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16,461 - 16,481, doi:10.1029/2001JB000433.
11. Burov, E. B., C. Jaupart, and L. Guillou-Frottier (2003), Ascent and emplacement of magma reservoirs in brittle-ductile upper crust, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B4), 2177, doi:10.1029/2002JB001904.
12. Cande, S. C., and W. E. Haxby (1991), Eocene propagating rifts in the southwest Pacific and their conjugate features on the Nazca plate, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 19,609-19,622, doi:10.1029/91JB01991.
13. 2-H2O: Application to the Pouébo Terrane, Pam Peninsula, New Caledonia, J. Metamorph. Geol., 17, 9-24, doi:10.1046/j.1525- 1314.1999.00177.x. (Pubitemid 29176307)
14. Ceuleneer, G., A. Nicolas, and F. Boudier (1988), Mantle flow patterns at an oceanic spreading centre: The Oman peridotites record, Tectonophysics, 151, 1-26, doi:10.1016/0040- 1951(88)90238-90247
15. Christensen, U. (1996), Poisson's ratio and crustal seismology, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3139-3156, doi:10.1029/95JB03446. (Pubitemid 26469169)
16. Clarke, G. L., J. C. Aitchison, and D. Cluzel (1997), Eclogites and Blueschists of the Pam Peninsula, NE New Caledonia: A reappraisal, J. Petrol., 38, 843-876, doi:10.1093/petrology/38.7.843.
17. Clouard, V., J. Campos, A. Lemoine, A. Perez, and E. Kausel (2007), Outer rise stress changes related to the subduction of the Juan Fernandez Ridge, central Chile, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B05305, doi:10.1029/2005JB003999.
18. Coleman, R. G., and T. E. Keith (1971), A chemical study of serpentinisation, Burro Mountain, California, J. Petrol., 12, 311-328.
19. Comte, D., and G. Suarez (1994), An inverted double seismic zone in Chile: Evidence of phase transformation in the subducted slab, Science, 263, 212-215, doi:10.1126/science.263.5144.212.
20. Comte, D., L. Dorbath, M. Pardo, T. Monfret, H. Haessler, L. Rivera, M. Frogneux, B. Glass, and C. Meneses (1999), A double-layered seismic zone in Arica, northern Chile, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1965-1968, doi:10.1029/ 1999GL900447.
21. Comte, D., J. Battaglia, C. Thurber, H. Zhang, L. Dorbath, and B. Glass (2004), High-resolution subducting slab structure beneath northern Chile using the double-difference method, Eos. Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S53B-0200.
22. Conder, J. A. (2005), A case for hot slab surface temperatures in numerical viscous flow models of subduction zones with improved fault zone parameterization, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 149, 155-164, doi:10.1016/j.pepi. 2004.08.018. (Pubitemid 40335001)
23. Cundall, P., and M. Board (1988), A microcomputer program for modeling large-strain plasticity problems, Numer. Methods Geomech., 6, 2101-2108.
24. Currie, C. A., and R. D. Hyndman (2006), The thermal structure of subduction zone back arcs, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B08404, doi:10.1029/ 2005JB004024. (Pubitemid 46306279)
25. DeMets, C., R. G. Gordon, D. F. Argus, and S. Stein (1990), Current plate motions, Geophys. J. Int., 101, 425-478, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb06579. x.
26. Engdahl, E. R., and C. H. Scholz (1977), A double Benioff zone beneath the central Aleutians: An unbending of the lithosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4, 473-476, doi:10.1029/GL004i010p00473.
27. Evans, B. W. (2004), The serpentinite multisystem revisited: Chrysotile is metastable, Int. Geol. Rev., 46, 479-506, doi:10.2747/0020-6814.46.6.479.
28. Fujita, K., and H. Kanamori (1981), Double seismic zones and stresses of intermediate depth earthquakes, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 66, 131-156.
29. Gerbault, M., S. Henrys, and F. Davey (2003), Numerical models of lithospheric deformation forming the Southern Alps of New Zealand, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B7), 2341, doi:10.1029/2001JB001716.
30. Graeber, M., and G. Asch (1999), Three-dimensional models of P wave velocity and P-to-S velocity ratio in the southern central Andes by simultaneous inversion of local earthquake data, J. Geophys. Res., 104(B9), 20,237-20,256, doi:10.1029/1999JB900037.
31. 2O. Methods, results and geological applications, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 104, 85-98, doi:10.1007/BF00310648.
32. Haberland, C., A. Rietbrock, B. Schurr, and H. Brasse (2003), Coincident anomalies of seismic attenuation and electrical resistivity beneath the southern Bolivian Altiplano plateau, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(18), 1923, doi:10.1029/2003GL017492.
33. 2O contents of minerals and rocks at pressure and temperature, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q01005, doi:10.1029/2003GC000614.
34. Hacker, B. R., G. A. Abers, and S. M. Peacock (2003a), Subduction factory 1. Theoretical mineralogies, densities, seismic wave speeds, and H2O contents, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B1), 2029, doi:10.1029/2001JB001127.
35. Hacker, B. R., S. M. Peacock, G. A. Abers, and S. D. Holloway (2003b), Subduction factory 2: Are intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions?, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B1), 2030, doi:10.1029/2001JB001129.
36. Hamza, V. M., and M. Muñoz (1996), Heat flow map of South America, Geothermics, 25(6), 599-646, doi:10.1016/S0375-6505(96)00025-9.
37. Hasegawa, A., N. Umino, and A. Takagi (1978), Doubleplaned deep seismic zone and upper mantle structure in the northeastern Japan arc, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 54, 281-296.
38. Honda, S. (1985), Thermal structure beneath Tohoku, northeast Japan-A case study for understanding the detailed thermal structure of the subduction zone, Tectonophysics, 112, 69-102, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(85)90173-8.
39. Hyndman, R. D., and S. M. Peacock (2003), Serpentinization of forearc mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 212, 417-432, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00263- 2. (Pubitemid 36915147)
40. Isacks, B. L., and M. Barazangi (1977), Geometry of Benioff zones: Lateral segmentation and downwards bending of the subducted lithosphere, in Island Arcs, Deep Sea Trenches, and Back-Arc Basins, Maurice Ewing Ser., vol.1, edited by M. Talwani and W. C. Pitman III, pp. 99-114, AGU, Washington, D. C.
41. Ji, S., and Z. Wang (1999), Elastic properties of forsteriteenstatite composites up to 3.0 GPa, J. Geodyn., 28, 147-174, doi:10.1016/S0264-3707(98) 00034-9. (Pubitemid 29429329)
42. Jung, H., H. W. Green, II and L. F. Dobrzhinetskaya (2004), Intermediate-depth earthquake faulting by dehydration embrittlement with negative volume change, Nature, 428, 545-549, doi:10.1038/nature02412. (Pubitemid 38480535)
43. Kelemen, P. B., J. L. Rilling, E. M. Parmentier, L. Mehl, and B. R. Hacker (2003), Thermal structure due to solid-state flow in the mantle wedge beneath arcs, in Inside the Subduction Factory, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.138, edited by J. M. Eiler, pp. 293-311, AGU, Washington, D. C.
44. Kirby, S. H., E. R. Engdahl, and R. Denlinger (1996), Intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes and arc volcanism as physical expressions of crustal and uppermost mantle metamorphism in subducting slabs, in Subduction: Top to Bottom, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.96, edited by G. E. Bebout et al., pp. 195-214, AGU, Washington, D. C.
45. Kneller, E. A., P. E. van Keken, I. Katayama, S. Karato, and J. Park (2005), B-type olivine fabric in the mantle wedge: Insights from high-resolution non-Newtonian subduction zone models, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 237, 781-797, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.049. (Pubitemid 41235871)
46. Kneller, E. A., P. E. van Keken, I. Katayama, and S. Karato (2007), Stress, strain, and B-type olivine fabric in the forearc mantle: Sensitivity tests using high-resolution steadystate subduction zone models, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B04406, doi:10.1029/2006JB004544. (Pubitemid 46930539)
47. Lamb, S. (2006), Shear stresses on megathrusts: Implications for mountain building behind subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B07401, doi:10.1029/2005JB003916.
48. Lamb, S. H., and P. Davis (2003), Cenozoic climate change as a possible cause for the rise of the Andes, Nature, 425, 792-797, doi:10.1038/nature02049. (Pubitemid 37351458)
49. Lavier, L., W. Buck, and A. Poliakov (1999), Self-consistent rolling-hinge model for the evolution of large-onset lowangle normal faults, Geology, 27, 1127-1130.
50. Le Pourhiet, L., E. Burov, and I. Moretti (2004), Rifting through a stack of inhomogeneous thrusts (the dipping pie concept), Tectonics, 23, TC4005, doi:10.1029/ 2003TC001584.
51. Lucassen, F., R. Becchio, R. Harmon, S. Kasemann, G. Franz, R. Trumbull, R. L. Romer, and P. Dulski (2001), Composition and density model of the continental crust in an active continental margin-The central Andes between 18° and 27°S, Tectonophysics, 341, 195-223, doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(01) 00188-3. (Pubitemid 34034494)
52. Nakajima, J., T. Matsuzawa, A. Hasegawa, and D. Zhao (2001), Three-dimensional structure of Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs beneath northeastern Japan: Implications for arc mgmatism and fluids, J. Geophys. Res., 106(B10), 21,843-21,858, doi:10.1029/2000JB000008.
53. Parsons, B., and J. G. Sclater (1977), An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 803-827, doi:10.1029/JB082i005p00803.
54. Peacock, S. M. (2001), Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentinite dehydration in subducting oceanic mantle?, Geology, 29, 299-302, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0299:ATLPOD>2.0.CO;2.
55. Peacock, S. M., and K. Wang (1999), Seismic consequences of warm versus cool subduction metamorphism: Examples from southwest and northeast Japan, Science, 286, 937-939, doi:10.1126/science.286.5441.937.
56. Perrillat, J. P., I. Daniel, K. T. Koga, B. Reynard, H. Cardon, and W. A. Crichton (2005), Kinetics of antigorite dehydration: A real-time X-ray diffraction study, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 236, 899-913, doi:10.1016/j.epsl. 2005.06.006. (Pubitemid 41258211)
57. Poliakov, A., and Y. Podladchikov (1992), Diapirism and topography, Geophys. J. Int., 109, 553-564, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00117.x.
58. Poliakov, A., H. J. Hermann, Y. Podladchikov, and S. Roux (1994), Fractal plastic shear bands, Fractals, 2, 567-581, doi:10.1142/S0218348X9400079X.
59. Prince, R. A., and L. D. Kulm (1975), Crustal rupture and the initiation of imbricate thrusting in the Peru-Chile Trench, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 86, 1639-1653, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<1639:CRATIO>2.0.CO;2.
60. Ranalli, G. (1995), Rheology of the Earth, Chapman and Hall, London.
61. Reyners, M., D. Eberhart-Phillips, G. Stuart, and Y. Nishimura (2006), Imaging subduction from the trench to 300 km depth beneath the central North Island, New Zealand, with Vp and Vp/Vs, Geophys. J. Int., 165, 565-583, doi:10.1111/j.1365- 246X.2006.02897.x.
62. Rietbrock, A., and F. Waldhauser (2004), A narrowly spaced double-seismic zone in the subducting Nazca plate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10608, doi:10.1029/2004GL019610. (Pubitemid 39102733)
63. Roperch, P., T. Sempere, O. Macedo, C. Arriagada, M. Fornari, C. Tapia, M. Garcia, and C. Laj (2006), Counterclockwise rotation of late Eocene-Oligocene forearc deposits in southern Peru and its significance for oroclinal bending in the central Andes, Tectonics, 25, TC3010, doi:10.1029/2005TC001882. (Pubitemid 44810969)
64. Schilling, F. R., et al. (2006), Partial melting in the central Andean crust: A review of geophysical, petrophysical, and petrologic evidence, in The Andes, edited by O. Oncken et al., pp 459-474, Springer, Berlin.
65. Schurr, B., and A. Rietbrock (2004), Deep seismic structure of the Ata-cama basin, northern Chile, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L12601, doi:10.1029/2004GL019796. (Pubitemid 39384089)
66. Seno, T., and Y. Yamanaka (1996), Double seismic zones, compressional deep outer-rise events, and superplumes, in Subduction: Top to Bottom, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol.96, edited by G. E. Bebout et al., pp. 347-355, AGU, Washington, D. C.
67. Shelly, D. R., G. C. Beroza, H. Zhang, C. H. Thurber, and S. Ide (2006), High-resolution subduction zone seismicity and velocity structure beneath Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B06311, doi:10.1029/ 2005JB004081. (Pubitemid 44660126)
68. Sleep, N. H. (1979), The double seismic zone in downgoing slabs and the viscosity of the mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4565-4571, doi:10.1029/JB084iB09p04565.
69. Sobolev, S. V., and A. Y. Babeyko (2005), What drives orogeny in the Andes?, Geology, 33(8), 617-620, doi:10.1130/G21557.1. (Pubitemid 41070700)
70. Sobolev, S. V., and A. Y. Babeyko (2006), Modeling subduction of the continental crust at the Andean type convergent margin, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 70(18), A601, doi:10.116/j.gca.2006.06.1116.
71. Springer, M. (1999), Interpretation of heat-flow density in the central Andes, Tectonophysics, 306, 377-395, doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(99)00067-0. (Pubitemid 30079366)
72. Springer, M., and A. Forster (1998), Heat-flow density across the central Andean subduction zone, Tectonophysics, 291, 123-139, doi:10.1016/S0040- 1951(98)00035-3. (Pubitemid 28482179)
73. Syracuse, E. M., and G. A. Abers (2006), Global compilation of variations in slab depth beneath arc volcanoes and implications, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q05017, doi:10.1029/2005GC001045.
74. Takazawa, E., T. Okayasu, and K. Sahoh (2003), Geochemistry and origin of the basal lherzolites from the northern Oman Ophiolite (northern Fizh Block), Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(2), 8605, doi:10.1029/2001GC000232.
75. Takei, Y. (2000), Acoustic properties of partially molten media studied on a simple binary system with a controllable dihedral angle, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 16,665-16,682, doi:10.1029/2000JB900124.
76. Takei, Y. (2002), Effect of pore geometry on Vp/Vs: From equilibrium geometry to crack, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B2), 2043, doi:10.1029/2001JB000522.
77. Tassara, A. (2005), Interaction between the Nazca and South American plates and formation of the Altiplano-Puna plateau: Review of a flexural analysis along the Andean margin (15°-34°S), Tectonophysics, 399, 39-57, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2004.12.014. (Pubitemid 40533955)
78. Tassara, A. (2006), Factors controlling the crustal density structure underneath active continental margins with implications for their evolution, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q01001, doi:10.1029/2005GC001040.
79. Tassara, A., H.-J. Gö tze, S. Schmidt, and R. Hackney (2006), Three-dimensional density model of the Nazca plate and the Andean continental margin, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B09404, doi:10.1029/2005JB003976. (Pubitemid 46991444)
80. Tassara, A., C. Swain, R. Hackney, and J. Kirby (2007), Elastic thickness structure of South America estimated using wavelets and satellite-derived gravity data, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 253, 17-36, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.10. 008. (Pubitemid 44932856)
81. Thurber, C. H. (1983), Earthquake locations and three-dimensional crustal structure in the Coyote Lake area, central California, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 8226-8236, doi:10.1029/JB088iB10p08226.
82. Thurber, C. H. (1993), Local earthquake tomography: Velocities and Vp/Vs-theory, in Seismic Tomography: Theory and Practice, edited by H. M. Iyer and K. Hirahara, pp. 563-583, Chapman and Hall, London.
83. Turcotte, D., and G. Schubert (1982), Geodynamics: Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems, John Wiley, New York.
84. van Keken, P. E., B. Kiefer, and S. M. Peacock (2002), Highresolution models of subduction zones: Implications for mineral dehydration reactions and the transport of water into the deep mantle, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 3(10), 1056, doi:10.1029/2001GC000256.
85. Waldhauser, F. (2001), hypoDD: A computer program to compute double-difference hypocenter locations, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 01-113, 25 pp.
86. Wang, K. (2002), Unbending combined with dehydration embrittlement as a cause for double and triple seismic zones, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(18), 1889, doi:10.1029/2002GL015441.
87. Watanabe, T. (1993), Effects of water and melt on seismic velocities and their application to characterization of seismic reflectors, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2933-2936, doi:10.1029/93GL03170.
88. Yamasaki, T., and T. Seno (2003), Double seismic zone and dehydratation embrittlement of the subducting slab, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B4), 2212, doi:10.1029/2002JB001918.
89. Yamato, P., P. Agard, E. Burov, L. Le Pourhiet, L. Jolivet, and C. Tiberi (2007), Burial and exhumation in a subduction wedge: Mutual constraints from thermomechanical modeling and natural P-T-t data (Schistes Lustrés, western Alps), J. Geophys. Res., 112, B07410, doi:10.1029/2006JB004441. (Pubitemid 47382480)
90. Zhang, H. (2003), Double difference seismic tomography method and its application, Ph.D. thesis, 189 pp., Univ. of Wisc.-Madison, Madison.
91. Zhang, H., and C. H. Thurber (2003), Double-difference tomography: The method and its application to the Hayward Fault, California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 93(5), 1875-1889, doi:10.1785/0120020190.
92. Zhang, H., C. H. Thurber, D. Shelly, S. Ide, G. C. Beroza, and A. Hasegawa (2004), High-resolution subductingslab structure beneath northern Honshu, Japan, revealed by double-difference tomography, Geology, 32(4), 361-364, doi:10.1130/G20261.2. (Pubitemid 38536509)
93. Zhao, D., A. Hasegawa, and S. Horiuchi (1992), Tomographic imaging of P and S wave velocity structure beneath northeastern Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,909- 19,928, doi:10.1029/92JB00603.