Air pollution transport in an Alpine valley: Results from airborne and ground-based observations

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 131, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 441-463

  Gohm, Alexander ^a   Harnisch, F ^b   Vergeiner, J ^a   Obleitner, F ^a   Schnitzhofer, R ^c   Hansel, A ^c   Fix, A ^b   Neininger, B ^d   Emeis, S ^e   Schafer K ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^b GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^d MetAir AG   (Switzerland)

^e KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aerosols; ALPNAP; Foehn; Lidar; Local winds; NOx; Particulate matter

Indexed keywords

ALPNAP; FOEHN; LIDAR; LOCAL WINDS; NOX; PARTICULATE MATTER;

AIR QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; LANDFORMS; OPTICAL RADAR; POLLUTION; TURBULENT FLOW; WIND;

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS;

ADVECTION; AIR MASS; AIRBORNE SURVEY; AIRFLOW; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BOUNDARY LAYER; GAS EXCHANGE; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; WIND;

AUSTRIA; CENTRAL EUROPE; EURASIA; EUROPE; INN VALLEY;

EID: 67349252277     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-009-9371-9     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Bader DC, Whiteman CD (1989) Numerical simulation of cross-valley plume dispersion during the morning transition period. J Appl Meteorol 28:652-664
2. Banta RM, Shepson PB, Bottenheim JW, Anlauf KG, Wiebe HA, Gallant A, Biesenthal T, Olivier LD, Zhu CJ, McKendry IG, Steyn DG (1997) Nocturnal cleansing flows in a tributary valley. Atmos Environ 31:2147-2162
3. Beauchamp J, Wisthaler A, Grabmer W, Neuner C, Weber A, Hansel A (2004) Short-term measurements of CO, NO, NO2, organic compounds and PM10 at a motorway location in an Austrian valley. Atmos Environ 38:2511-2522
4. Carnuth W, Trickl T (2000) Transport studies with the IFU three-wavelength aerosol lidar during the VOTALP Mesoclina experiment. Atmos Environ 34:1425-1434
5. Chazette P, Couvert P, Randriamiarisoa H, Sanak J, Bonsang B, Moral P, Berthier S, Salanave S, Toussaint F (2005) Three-dimensional survey of pollution during winter in French Alps valleys. Atmos Environ 39:1035-1047
6. Darby LS, Allwine KJ, Banta RM (2006) Nocturnal low-level jet in a mountain basin complex. Part II: Transport and diffusion of tracer under stable conditions. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 45:740-753
7. De Wekker SFJ, Steyn DG, Nyeki S (2004) A comparison of aerosol-layer and convective boundary-layer structure over a mountain range during STAAARTE '97. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 113:249-271
8. Emeis S, Jahn C, Münkel C, Münsterer C, Schäfer K (2007) Multiple atmospheric layering and mixing-layer height in the Inn valley observed by remote sensing. Meteorol Z 16:415-424
9. Fast JD, Allwine KJ, Dietz RN, Clawson KL, Torcolini JC (2006) Dispersion of perfluorocarbon tracers within the Salt Lake Valley during VTMX 2000. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 45:793-812
10. Furger M, Dommen J, Graber WK, Poggio L, Prévôt ASH, Emeis S, Grell G, Trickl T, Gomiscek B, Neininger B, Wotawa G (2000) The VOTALP Mesolcina Valley campaign 1996 - concept, background and some highlights. Atmos Environ 34:1395-1412
11. Gohm A, Zängl G, Mayr GJ (2004) South foehn in the Wipp Valley on 24 October 1999 (MAP IOP 10): Verification of high-resolution numerical simulations with observations. Mon Weather Rev 132:78-102
12. Hanna SR, Strimaitis DG (1990) Rugged terrain effects on diffusion. In: Blumen W (eds) Atmospheric processes over complex terrain, meteorological monographs, vol 23. American Meteorological Society, Boston, pp 109-143
13. Harnisch F (2007) Airborne aerosol measurements in the Inn Valley: spatial distribution of aerosols during wintertime. Diploma thesis, Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 112 pp
14. Harnisch F, Gohm A, Fix A, Schnitzhofer R, Hansel A, Neininger B (2009) Spatial distribution of aerosols in the Inn Valley atmosphere during wintertime. Meteorol Atmos Phys (in press)
15. Heimann D, de Franceschi M, Emeis S, Lercher P, Seibert P (eds) (2007) Air pollution, traffic noise and related health effects in the Alpine space: A guide for authorities and consulters, ALPNAP comprehensive report. Università degli Studi di Trento, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Trento, Italy, 335 pp. http://www.alpnap.org/results.html. Accessed 9 Jan 2009
16. Hennemuth B (1986) Thermal asymmetry and cross-valley circulation in a small alpine valley. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 36:371-394
17. Kitada T, Regmi RP (2003) Dynamics of air pollution transport in late wintertime over Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: As revealed with numerical simulation. J Appl Meteorol 42:1770-1798
18. Kossmann M, Corsmeier U, De Wekker SFJ, Fiedler F, Vögtlin R, Kalthoff N, Güsten H, Neininger B (1999) Observations of handover processes between the atmospheric boundary layer and the free troposphere over mountainous terrain. Contrib Atmos Phys 72:329-350
19. Lee SM, Fernando HJS, Princevac M, Zajic D, Sinesi M, McCulley JL, Anderson J (2003) Transport and diffusion of ozone in the nocturnal and morning planetary boundary layer of the Phoenix valley. Environ Fluid Mech 3:331-362
20. Martilli A, Steyn DG (2007) A numerical study of recirculation processes in the Lower Fraser Valley (British Columbia, Canada). In: Borrego C, Norman AL (eds) Air pollution modeling and its applications XVII. Springer, New York, pp 97-101
21. McKendry IG, Steyn DG, Lundgren J, Hoff RM, Strapp W, Anlauf K, Froude F, Martin JB, Banta RM, Olivier LD (1997) Elevated ozone layers and vertical down-mixing over the Lower Fraser Valley, BC. Atmos Environ 31:2135-2146
22. McKendry IG, Steyn DG, Banta RM, Strapp W, Anlauf K, Pottier J (1998) Daytime photochemical pollutant transport over a tributary valley lake in southwestern British Columbia. J Appl Meteorol 37:393-404
23. Meister A, Fix A, Flentje H, Wirth M, Ehret G (2003) TropOLEX: A new tuneable airborne lidar system for the measurement of tropospheric ozone. In: Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on tropospheric profiling, Leipzig, 14-20 September 2003, pp 233-253
24. Molitor R, Käfer A, Thaller O, Samaras Z, Tourlou PM, Ntziachristos L (2001) Road freight transport and the environment in mountainous areas. Technical report 68, European Environment Agency. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/technical_report_2001_68. Accessed 9 Jan 2009
25. Prévôt ASH, Dommen J, Bäumle M, Furger M (2000) Diurnal variations of volatile organic compounds and local circulation systems in an Alpine valley. Atmos Environ 34:1413-1423
26. Reuten C, Steyn DG, Strawbridge KB, Bovis P (2005) Observations of the relation between upslope flows and the convective boundary layer in steep terrain. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 116:37-61
27. Reuten C, Steyn DG, Allen SE (2007) Water tank studies of atmospheric boundary layer structure and air pollution transport in upslope flow systems. J Geophys Res 112:D11114
28. Schäfer K, Vergeiner J, Emeis S, Wittig J, Hoffmann M, Obleitner F, Suppan P (2008) Atmospheric influences and local variability of air pollution close to a motorway in an Alpine valley during winter. Meteorol Z 17:297-309
29. Schmidli J, Poulos GS, Daniels MH, Chow FK (2009) External influences on nocturnal thermally driven flows in a deep valley. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 48:3-23
30. 2, benzene, toluene and PM 10 at a motorway location in an Austrian valley. Atmos Environ 42:1012-1024
31. Seibert P, Beyrich F, Gryning SE, Joffre S, Rasmussen A, Tercier P (2000a) Review and intercomparison of operational methods for the determination of the mixing height. Atmos Environ 34:1001-1027
32. Seibert P, Feldmann H, Neiniger B, Bäumle M, Trickl T (2000b) South foehn and ozone in the Eastern Alps - case study and climatological aspects. Atmos Environ 34:1379-1394
33. Shapiro A, Fedorovich E (2007) Katabatic flow along a differentially cooled sloping surface. J Fluid Mech 571:149-175
34. Spuler SM, Mayor SD (2005) Scanning eye-safe elastic backscatter lidar at 1.54 μm. J Atmos Ocean Technol 22:696-703
35. Triantafyllou AG, Kassomenos PA (2002) Aspects of atmospheric flow and dispersion of air pollutants in a mountainous basin. Sci Total Environ 297:85-103
36. Umweltbundesamt (2004) Statuserhebung betreffend Überschreitung der IG-L-Grenzwerte für PM10 und Schwebestaub, Blei und Cadmium im Staubniederschlag im Inntal, 2002. Report prepared by order of the Tiroler Landesregierung, Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Wien, 236 pp. http://www.tirol.gv.at/uploads/media/Stat_2002_PM10.pdf. Accessed 9 Jan 2009
37. Vergeiner I, Dreiseitl E (1987) Valley winds and slope winds - observations and elementary thoughts. Meteorol Atmos Phys 36: 267-286
38. Vergeiner J, Mayr GJ (2000) Case study of the MAP-IOP "sandwich" foehn on 18th October 1999. MAP Newsl 13:36-37. http://www.map.meteoswiss.ch/map-doc/newsletter13.htm. Accessed 9 Jan 2009
39. Wakimoto RM, McElroy JL (1986) Lidar observation of elevated pollution layers over Los Angeles. J Clim Appl Meteorol 25:1583-1599
40. Weigel AP, Rotach MW (2004) Flow structure and turbulence characteristics of the daytime atmosphere in a steep and narrow Alpine valley. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 130:2605-2627
41. Whiteman CD (1989) Morning transition tracer experiments in a deep narrow valley. J Appl Meteorol 28:626-635
42. Whiteman CD (2000) Mountain meteorology: Fundamentals and applications. Oxford University Press, New York, p 355
43. Wotawa G, Seibert P, Kromp-Kolb H, Hirschberg M (2000) Verkehrsbedingte Stickoxid-Belastung im Inntal: Einfluss meteorologischer und topographischer Faktoren. Final report, project no. 6983 of OeNB-Jubiläumsfonds, Institut für Meteorologie und Physik, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, 28 pp. http://www.boku.ac.at/imp/envmet/Inntal-Bericht.pdf. Accessed 9 Jan 2009