Scapular and rotator cuff muscle activity during arm elevation: A review of normal function and alterations with shoulder impingement

Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-9

  Phadke, V ^a   Camargo, P R ^b   Ludewig, P M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO CARLOS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Electromyography; Muscle activation; Scapula; Shoulder pain

Indexed keywords

EID: 67349250642     PISSN: 14133555     EISSN: 18099246     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S1413-35552009005000012     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (63)

1. Neer CS. Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54(1):41-50.
2. van der Windt DA, Koes BW, de Jong BA, Bouter LM. Shoulder disorders in general practice: Incidence, patient characteristics, and management. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995;54(12):959-964.
3. Soslowsky LJ, Thomopoulos S, Esmail A, Flanagan CL, Iannotti JP, Williamson JD 3rd, et al. Rotator cuff tendinosis in an animal model: Role of extrinsic and overuse factors. Ann Biomed Eng. 2002;30(8):1057-1063.
4. Walch G, Boileau P, Noel E, Donell ST. Impingement of the deep surface of the supraspinatus tendon on the posterosuperior glenoid rim: An arthroscopic study. J Bone Joint Surg. 1992;9:36-46.
5. Pappas GP, Blemker SS, Beaulieu CF, McAdams TR, Whalen ST, Gold GE. In vivo anatomy of the neer and hawkins sign positions for shoulder impingement. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(1):40-49.
6. Jobe FW, Pink M. The athlete's shoulder. J Hand Ther. 1994;7(2):107-110.
7. Lukaseiwicz AC, McClure P, Michener L, Pratt N, Sennett B. Comparison of 3-dimensional scapular position and orientation between subjects with and without shoulder impingement. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999;29(10):574-583.
8. Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Phys Ther. 2000;80(3):276-291.
9. Endo K, Ikata T, Katoh S, Takeda Y. Radiographic assessment of scapular rotational tilt in chronic shoulder impingement syndrome. J Orthop Sci. 2001;6(1):3-10.
10. Hebert LJ, Moffet H, McFadyen BJ, Dionne CE. Scapular behavior in shoulder impingement syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(1):60-69.
11. Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Translations of the humerus in persons with shoulder impingement symptoms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2002;32(6):248-259.
12. Laudner KG, Myers JB, Pasquale MR, Bradley JP, Lephart SM. Scapular dysfunction in throwers with pathologic internal impingement. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36(7):485-494.
13. McClure PW, Michener LA, Karduna AR. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome. Phys Ther. 2006;86(8):1075-1090.
14. Ludewig PM, Cook TM, Nawoczenski DA. Three-dimensional scapular orientation and muscle activity at selected positions of humeral elevation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;24(2):57-65.
15. McClure PW, Michener LA, Sennett BJ, Karduna AR. Direct 3-dimensional measurement of scapular kinematics during dynamic movements in vivo. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2001;10(3):269-277.
16. Borstad JD, Ludewig PM. Comparison of scapular kinematics between elevation and lowering of the arm in the scapular plane. Clin Biomech. 2002;17(9-10):650-659.
17. Ludewig PM, Phadke V, Braman JP, Hassett DR, Cieminski CJ, LaPrade RF. Motion of the shoulder complex during multiplanar humeral elevation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(2):378-389.
18. Kibler WB, McMullen J. Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder pain. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2003;11(2):142-151.
19. Inman VT, Saunders JB, Abbott LC. Observations on the function of the shoulder joint. J Bone Joint Surg. 1944;26A:1-30.
20. Teece RM, Lunden JB, Lloyd AS, Kaiser AP, Cieminski CJ, Ludewig PM. Three-dimensional acromioclavicular joint motions during elevation of the arm. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38(4):181-190.
21. Ludewig PM, Behrens SA, Meyer SM, Spoden SM, Wilson LA. Three-dimensional clavicular motion during arm elevation: Reliability and descriptive data. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2004;34(3):140-149.
22. Sahara W, Sugamoto K, Murai M, Yoshikawa H. Three-dimensional clavicular and acromioclavicular rotations during arm abduction using vertically open MRI. J Orthop Res. 2007;25(9):1243-1249. (Pubitemid 47365298)
23. An KN, Browne AO, Korinek S, Tanaka S, Morrey BF. Three-dimensional kinematics of glenohumeral elevation. J Orthop Res. 1991;9:143-149.
24. Warner JJ, Micheli LJ, Arslanian LE, Kennedy J, Kennedy R. Scapulothoracic motion in normal shoulders and shoulders with glenohumeral instability and impingement syndrome: A study using moire topographic analysis. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1992;285:191-199.
25. Deutsch A, Altchek D, Schwartz E, Otis JC, Warren RF. Radiologic measurement of superior displacement of humeral head in impingement syndrome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1996;5(3):186-193.
26. Lin JJ, Hanten WP, Olson SL, Roddey TS, Soto-quijano DA, Lim HK, et al. Functional activity characteristics of individuals with shoulder dysfunctions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2005;15(6):576-586.
27. Graichen H, Bonel H, Stammberger T, Haubner M, Rohrer H, Englmeier KH, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of the width of the subacromial space in healthy subjects and patients with impingement syndrome. Am J Roentgenol. 1999;172(4):1081-1086.
28. Borstad JD, Ludewig PM. The effect of long versus short pectoralis minor resting length on scapular kinematics in healthy individuals. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35(4):227-238.
29. Bagg SD, Forrest WJ. Electromyographic study of the scapular rotators during arm abduction in the scapular plane. Am J Phys Med. 1986;65(3):111-124.
30. Johnson G, Bogduk N, Nowitzke A, House D. Anatomy and actions of the trapezius muscle. Clin Biomech. 1994;9:44-50.
31. Brunnstrom S. Muscle testing around the shoulder girdle: A study of the function of shoulder-blade fixators in seventeen cases of shoulder paralysis. J Bone Joint Surg. 1941;23A:263-272.
32. Wiater JM, Bigliani LU. Spinal accessory nerve injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999;(368):5-16.
33. Poppen NK, Walker PS. Forces at the glenohumeral joint in abduction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1978;135:165-170.
34. Ekstrom RA, Bifulco KM, Lopau CJ, Andersen CF, Gough JR. Comparing the function of the upper and lower parts of the serratus anterior muscle using surface electromyography. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2004;34(5):235-243.
35. McLean L, Chislett M, Keith M, Murphy M, Walton P. The effect of head position, electrode site, movement and smoothing window in the determination of a reliable maximum voluntary activation of the upper trapezius muscle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2003;13(2):169-180.
36. Ekstrom RA, Soderberg GL, Donatelli RA. Normalization procedures using maximum voluntary isometric contractions for the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during surface EMG analysis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2005;15(4):418-428.
37. Heckathorne CW, Childress DS. Relationships of the surface electromyogram to the force, length, velocity, and contraction rate of the cineplastic human biceps. Am J Phys Med. 1981;60(1):1-19.
38. Dvir Z, Berme N. The shoulder complex in elevation of the arm: A mechanism approach. J Biomech. 1978;11(5):219-225.
39. Johnson GR, Pandyan AD. The activity in the three regions of the trapezius under controlled loading conditions-an experimental and modelling study. Clin Biomech. 2005;20(2):155-161.
40. Wiedenbauer MM, Mortensen OA. An electromyographic study of the trapezius muscle. Am J Phys Med. 1952;31(5):363-372.
41. Chan PK, Hems TE. Clinical signs of accessory nerve palsy. J Trauma. 2006;60(5):1142-1144.
42. Sharkey NA, Marder RA, Hanson PB. The entire rotator cuff contributes to elevation of the arm. J Orthop Res. 1994;12(5):699-708.
43. Sharkey NA, Marder RA. The rotator cuff opposes superior translation of the humeral head. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(3):270-275.
44. Peat M, Grahame RE. Electromyographic analysis of soft tissue lesions affecting shoulder function. Am J Phys Med. 1977;56(5):223-240. (Pubitemid 8206315)
45. Scovazzo ML, Browne A, Pink M, Jobe FW, Kerrigan J. The painful shoulder during freestyle swimming: An electromyographic cinematographic analysis of twelve muscles. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19(6):577-582.
46. Nuber GW, Jobe FW, Perry J, Moynes DR, Antonelli D. Fine wire electromyography analysis of muscles of the shoulder during swimming. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14(1):7-11.
47. Schmitt L, Snyder-Mackler L. Role of scapular stabilizers in etiology and treatment of impingement syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999;29(1):31-38.
48. Burkhart SS, Morgan CD, Kibler WB. The disabled throwing shoulder: Spectrum of pathology part III: The SICK scapula, scapular dyskinesis, the kinetic chain, and rehabilitation. Arthroscopy. 2003;19(6):641-661.
49. Davies GJ, Dickoff-Hoffman S. Neuromuscular testing and rehabilitation of the shoulder complex. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993;18(2):449-458.
50. Wadsworth DJ, Bullock-Saxton JE. Recruitment patterns of the scapular rotator muscles in freestyle swimmers with subacromial impingement. Int J Sports Med. 1997;18(8):618-624.
51. Moraes GF, Faria CD, Teixeira-Salmela LF. Scapular muscle recruitment patterns and isokinetic strength ratios of the shoulder rotator muscles in individuals with and without impingement syndrome. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17(1 Suppl):S48-53.
52. Schmidt R, Lee T. Motor Control and Learning: A Behavioral Emphasis. 4th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2005.
53. Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Declercq GA, Danneels LA, Cambier DC. Scapular muscle recruitment patterns: Trapezius muscle latency with and without impingement symptoms. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31(4):542-549.
54. Reddy AS, Mohr KJ, Pink MM, Jobe FW. Electromyographic analysis of the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles in persons with subacromial impingement. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9(6):519-523.
55. Myers JB, Hwang JH, Pasquale MR, Blackburn JT, Lephart SM. Rotator cuff coactivation ratios in participants with subacromial impingement syndrome. J Sci Med Sport. 2008; doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.06.003.
56. Borstad JD. Measurement of pectoralis minor muscle length: Validation and clinical application. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008;38(4):169-174.
57. Brox JI, Gjengedal E, Uppheim G, Bohmer AS, Brevik JI, Ljunggren AE, et al. Arthroscopic surgery versus supervised exercises in patients with rotator cuff disease (stage II impingement syndrome): J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1999;8(2):102-111.
58. Bang MD, Deyle GD. Comparison of supervised exercise with and without manual physical therapy for patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2000;30(3):126-137.
59. Ludewig PM, Borstad JD. Effects of a home exercise programme on shoulder pain and functional status in construction workers. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60(11):841-849.
60. McClure PW, Bialker J, Neff N, Williams G, Karduna A. Shoulder function and 3-dimensional kinematics in people with shoulder impingement syndrome before and after a 6-week exercise program. Phys Ther. 2004;84(9):832-848.
61. Michener LA, Walsworth MK, Burnet EN. Effectiveness of rehabilitation for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: A systematic review. J Hand Ther. 2004;17(2):152-164.
62. Jonsson P, Wahlstrom P, Ohberg L, Alfredson H. Eccentric training in chronic painful impingement syndrome of the shoulder: Results of a pilot study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14(1):76-81.
63. Camargo PR, Haik MN, Ludewig PM, Filho RB, Mattiello-Rosa SMG, Salvini TF. Effects of strengthening and stretching exercises applied during working hours on pain and physical impairment in workers with subacromial impingement syndrome. Physiother Theory Pract. 2009; in press.